Glass Factory Research Articles

Glass Factory of Peasants Shapenkovs in the 19th Century, Lower Tobol Region

This paper examines the history of the peasants Shapenkovs’ glass factory. It operated in one of the districts of the Lower Tobol region (Western Siberia). The purpose of the research is to study the range, production volume, color of products and sales regions, raw materials and tools, identify and attribute bottle stamps stored in museum collections and discovered by archaeological excavations. These data will help process archaeological collections obtained by excavations of the Modern Times monuments. 19th century archives and prerevolutionary publications give details on the range, production volume, color of products and sales markets. The thesis explains why the sales markets were changed and how it impacted the production volumes. The study traces the origins of raw materials and tools used to manufacture glass products. The authors review the fluctuations in the labor force throughout the entire period of the factory’s operation and their impact on the production volume. Revision lists and parish registers suggest the dates of the factory’s transition from one owner to another. The collected data indicate that between 1804 and the late 1830s the factory was located near the village of Rafaylovsky. In the late 1830s it was moved to another place near the village of Bateni, Rafaylovsky volost, Yalutorovsky district, Tobolsk province. There it functioned until the third quarter of the 19th cen- tury. The collection of P.P. Ershov Ishim Museum Complex revealed 3 bottle stamps of the considered factory. One more stamp was discovered during archaeological excavations in the city of Tobolsk. The archaeological finds allow to establish the sale markets of products absent in the written sources. It is established that the production was running during periods missing any written evidence. The first quarter of the 19th century accounts for a fairly stable production volume. In the early second quarter of the 19th century the factory was idle, and in the 1850s production peaked. In the second half of the 1860s there was a significant decline in output. By the mid-1870s the factory had closed.

Solution-oriented development of the sound environment in industrial workplaces

Objectives. Research literature has not given much evaluation to why the proposed noise control actions in workplaces are not being implemented. There are views of the different personnel groups in the workplace and the reasons why the possibilities for solutions have not been examined. Methods. The companies under study were a welding machine shop, an assembly plant, a heavy steel company and an art glass factory. Noise management was approached by combining the perspectives of technology, acoustics and occupational safety with the examination of sociocultural factors at the workplace level. Results. Noise was not well represented in occupational safety practices. The productivity aspect was strongly emphasized. The use of personal protective equipment created the illusion that everything possible has been done and noise controlled. Conclusion. The study developed a model in which experts in the field of acoustics and sociocultural researchers together evaluated the state and development needs of noise abatement. The results of the project show that successful noise control solutions require a process involving all staff in the workplace.

Glass a Scarce Commodity

The adoption of glass reuse in construction faces challenges due to higher costs and more perceived risks compared to new glass. This conflicts with the goal of a circular economy. To challenge this status quo, this article explores a hypothetical scenario where glass becomes a scarce commodity. What if the float glass production process ceases to exist due to energy resource depletion, raw material scarcity, or carbon budget constraints? In such a context, glass reuse will be crucial. This article discusses the design, logistics and quality related challenges of reusing float glass, including structural integrity and energy performance considerations. Additionally, this article investigates the potential for glass reuse by analysing ongoing and future research, supply-demand dynamics, innovative building design, the concept of the future glass factory, and the re-evaluation and promotion of regulatory frameworks. To promote glass reuse, the article emphasizes customization over standardization. Considering the diverse dynamics of projects, from high-rise buildings to terraced houses, and varying regional construction requirements, solutions must be specific and adaptable, rather than standardized.

Automatic 3D-display-friendly scene extraction from video sequences and optimal focusing distance identification

This paper proposes a method for an automatic detection of 3D-display-friendly scenes from video sequences. Manual selection of such scenes by a human user would be extremely time consuming and would require additional evaluation of the result on 3D display. The input videos can be intentionally captured or taken from other sources, such as films. First, the input video is analyzed and the camera trajectory is estimated. The optimal frame sequence that follows defined rules, based on optical attributes of the display, is then extracted. This ensures the best visual quality and viewing comfort. The following identification of a correct focusing distance is an important step to produce a sharp and artifact-free result on a 3D display. Two novel and equally efficient focus metrics for 3D displays are proposed and evaluated. Further scene enhancements are proposed to correct the unsuitably captured video. Multiple image analysis approaches used in the proposal are compared in terms of both quality and time performance. The proposal is experimentally evaluated on a state-of-the-art 3D display by Looking Glass Factory and is suitable even for other multi-view devices. The problem of optimal scene detection, which includes the input frames extraction, resampling, and focusing, was not addressed in any previous research. Separate stages of the proposal were compared with existing methods, but the results show that the proposed scheme is optimal and cannot be replaced by other state-of-the-art approaches.

Protection of Visual and Architectural Heritage Based on the Implementation of he Living Museum Concept in the Cracow Stained Glass Factory

This article focuses on the concept of a living museum based on the Stained Glass Factory in Cracow. It examines how such a museum can integrate elements of real life into the exhibition, creating a unique experience for visitors. By examining the intersection of traditional craftsmanship and contemporary engagement strategies, the paper delves into the potential of revitalising cultural heritage. The study investigates the impact of such a concept on preserving and promoting the rich legacy of stained glass artistry, providing insights into the viability and enriching potential of this concept for both the local community and visitors. The conducted research also aims to trace the historical significance of stained glass in Cracow’s architecture and how the museum concept affects the dissemination of this knowledge.

Assessment of soil salinity in an average city (on the example of Gus-Khrustalny in Vladimir region)

The research objective was to assess the salinity of soils of an average city with a developed industrial production on the example of Gus-Khrustalny, Vladimir region. It was found that calcium cations and sulfate anions predominate in the studied soils. The increase in the content of individual ions has a local character associated with various sources of pollution. The excess of the maximum permissible concentration of nitrate ions by 1.1 times (145.05 mg/kg) is near the glass factory. The industrial zone of Gus-Khrustalny is characterized by contamination with toxic anions SO4 2–, NO3 –, as well as Mg2+ and K+ cations associated with the specifics of gas-air emissions of enterprises. Roadside areas are mainly contaminated with Na+ and Cl–, which come as part of deicing reagents. The most saline is the sample taken in the transport zone, characterized by a maximum content of Cl– (2819.5 mg/kg), SO4 2– (134.65 mg/kg), Na+ (2046.5 mg/kg) and a value of electrical conductivity (731.8 µS/cm). This study demonstrates that despite the significant impact of industrial enterprises, the primary source of salinization of the city soils is road transport.

Assessment of the effects of production system development projects: Case study of Lytkarino Optical Glass Factory

Objectives. Effective import substitution can be achieved only through the creation and use of efficient domestic production capacities. The aim of this study is to develop and justify a method for the integrated assessment of the effects of projects aimed at the introduction of new equipment, including import substitution projects.Methods. The research was based on systemic and dialectical approaches, as well as systemic, comparative, economic and mathematical methods, and statistical analysis.Results. The paper proposes a method for the integrated assessment of production system development projects. In order to obtain a synthetic assessment, a system of indicators was developed to study the effects of production system development projects, i.e., projects for the introduction of new equipment. The effects of the introduction of new equipment can be divided into internal and external: potential development, socioeconomic, import independence, public, and environmental. The indicators are not current values, but changes in dynamics. A comprehensive consideration of the effects allows the existing criteria for decision-making to be expanded when implementing projects to develop the production system. It also allows the impact on both the enterprise and society to be assessed. The authors define both the quantitative and qualitative indicators for each group of effects. On the basis of the author’s system of indicators, a methodology for comparative comparison of indicators using normalized indices was developed and the calculation of a generalized indicator substantiated. The proposed system of indicators was successfully tested at the Lytkarino Optical Glass Factory science-intensive enterprise when assessing a new domestic device for the development of the production system.Conclusions. The results of the approved method for integrated assessment enabled the use of diverse indicators for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effects of the introduction of science-intensive projects. This included projects for import substitution of machinery and equipment. A combination of various effects will be relevant to any socioeconomic system, so the proposed integrated assessment method for evaluating the effects is universal to a certain extent. It can thus be adapted for scientific, technical and technological projects on import substitution of any industrial enterprise.

Driving success towards zero carbon energy targets for UK’s Local Authorities

This paper draws on three recent case studies which have shown encouraging economic results in meeting net zero carbon emissions targets through Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES) in different localities across England, based on the GreenSCIES model. The blueprint for the GreenSCIES SLES was developed in Islington, London, and consists of a 5th generation ambient loop district heat network using wasteheat from a large data centre, and includes electric vehicle charging, storage and solar PV. This allows for heat sharing between buildings and applications for heat recovery from local sources. In Sandwell, Birmingham, where the heating demand is nearly ten times higher than the cooling demand the design is based on a 4th generation heat network with wasteheat from a local metal foundry and some cooling supply and heat storage in the aquifer. A study in Barnsley, Sheffield, explored wasteheat from a local glass factory and considered mine workings for providing seasonal storage of heat for resilience to a single source industry. This scheme could be further expanded, increasing the available carbon emissions savings. These examples provide feasible and economic SLES projects demonstrating the importance of collaboration between researchers, local government and industry. They also illustrate adaptations of the original GreenSCIES concept providing pathways towards net zero carbon for a diverse range of urban locations with different housing density and waste heat sources.

Florence Kelley: Pragmatist, Feminist, Socialist

Florence Kelley: Pragmatist, Feminist, Socialist

Collaborative Robots and Tangled Passages of Tactile-Affects

Collaborative robots are increasingly entering industrial contexts and workflows. These contexts are not just locations for production, they are vibrant social and sensory environments. For better or for worse, their entry brings potential to reorganize established tactile and affective dynamics that encompass production processes. There is still much to be learned about these highly contextual and complex dynamics in HRI research and the design of industrial robotics; common approaches in industrial collaborative robotics are restricted to evaluating “effective interface design,” whereas methods that seek to measure “affective touch” have limited application to these industrial domains. This article offers an extended analytical framework and methodological approach to deepen understandings of affect and touch beyond emotional responses to direct human–robot interactions. These distinct contributions are grounded in fieldwork in a glass factory with newly installed collaborative robots. They are illustrated through an ethnographic narrative that traces the emergence and circulation of affect, across material, experiential , and social planes. Beyond this single case, “tangled passages of tactile-affects” is offered as a novel and valuable concept that is distinct from the notion of “affective touch” and holds potential to generate holistic and nuanced understandings of how human experiences can be effected by the introduction of new robots in “the wild.”

Yet Another Marks

The article describes an amazing history of a phenomenal success in South Africa at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries of a Jewish emigrant from the Russian Empire Sammy (Samuel) Marks, rising from a peddler to a multimillionaire, called at the peak of his career the “uncrowned king of Transvaal”. He founded in cooperation with his cousin Isaac Lewis several branches of South African industrial economy and helped peaceful resolution of the Anglo-Boer war of 1899–1902. Among Marks and Lewis business interests were diamonds, gold and coal. Marks and Lewis business projects included distilleries, canning and glass factories, establishing flour-mills and brick works, erecting the country’s first hydroelectric power station. Marks pioneered in using tractors and progressive farm technologies. He was also widely respected for his generous charity activities. Sammy Marks played a significant role in the peaceful resolution of the Anglo-Boer conflict. Being a friend of Transvaal president P.Kruger and trusted by both sides of the hostilities, Marks helped to organize negotiations to end the Anglo-Boer war. Peace negotiations were held and concluded in his estate at Vereneeging in spring 1902. Peace agreements opened the way for modern statehood initially in the form of South African Union. Sammy Marks was nominated senator in the first Union parliament in 1910 and held this position till his death in 1920.

Working for Fuyao

AbstractIn the heart of industrial and post-industrial America, a Chinese billionaire opens a glass factory in an abandoned auto plant, closed in 2008. Hope and jobs are back in 2010 but give way as nonstop productivity goals and automation clash with workers’ unionization and shop floor attitudes.

Occupational exposure to silica dust in Slovenia is grossly underestimated.

As a by-product or material used in various industries crystalline silica contaminates the air many occupational settings. If its fine particles are inhaled, they are deposited in the lungs and may cause the development of silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The goal of this study was to estimate occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in Slovenia and the associated health risks. To do that, we ran two cross-sectional studies, one to determine the number of workers at risk of occupational exposure to RCS in Slovene industries and the other to determine and classify changes in the lung radiographs of glass factory workers exposed to RCS, as a means to infer health risks for other RCS exposed workers in Slovenia. However, the first study shows that official public data on occupational exposure to silica in Slovenia are unreliable and incomplete and that company representatives strongly underestimate occupational exposure to silica. Measurements of total and silica dust are made by 8.3 % and 1.8 % of companies working with silica, respectively. The second study shows that about a third of the exposed workers had lung changes associated with silicosis. We have failed to achieve the goal of our study, as the obtained data are grossly underestimated and unreliable, but it has opened our eyes as to what needs to be improved. All companies need to systematically be informed about occupational health risks, field inspections need to be consistent, regular, and intensified, and health surveillance of all exposed workers implemented regularly.

AUTOMATION IN DECISION MAKING AND IT AS A BUSINESS AGENT

Making decisions such as checking numbers, analyzing movements, data, values is a very important factor for a company. These are activities that make it a daily challenge for a manager, making it even more difficult if performed manually. If the calculation of the data occurs erroneously, the leader can make the wrong decision and the time lost to get to the result ends up occupying his working schedule completely. The work presents the problems that lead to the stock of a glass factory in Manaus-AM, since the main system of the company in question, does not have the ability to provide the necessary data to do studies of materials, and will be implemented a Business Intelligence tool (BI - Qlik Sense) for the construction of dashboards, able to integrate together with the companys system, automating the updating of data and facilitating the manager to read the data clearly and objectively, facilitating the study of inventory.

Characterization of Polyvinyl Butyral and Sentryglas® Polymers Used as Interlayers in Laminated Glass

The polymers used as interlayers in the laminated glass support the tensile stresses, keeping the glass fragments fixed in the film and avoiding possible accidents. This article aims to characterize the polymers Polyvinyl Butyral and Sentryglas®, as their physical-chemical and mechanical properties. It may help a laminated glass company located in Bahia to optimize its production process. We tested the samples to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Tensile. The results allowed us to characterize the materials technically, comparing them with the data from the sheets provided by their manufacturer. In addition, it has provided the Laminated Glass Factory with data that can reduce costs and improve production.

The Chursächsische Spiegelfabrik at Friedrichsthal in the Electorate of Saxony: Rediscovery of a Forgotten Glass Factory and its Products

This article aims to rescue from oblivion one of the most important German glass factories of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries: the Chursächsische Spiegelfabrik or Mirror Factory of the Electorate of Saxony, founded by the Elector at Friedrichsthal, north of Dresden, in 1709. Using new research results it traces the history of the factory and analyses the factors that led to its heyday from 1787, when, as well as mirrors, it started producing plain and coloured glass objects for the table and interior decoration, such as fruit bowls, candelabra, jugs, and so on, as well as lamps and chandeliers. Its international success culminated with the introduction of semi-opaque white bone glass in 1794, until production ceased in 1815.

The coloration of smalt produced at Ust-Ruditsa glass factory from 1753 to 1768

The Ust-Ruditsa glass factory, founded in 1753 by the Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov has produced a variety of smalt glasses for mosaics and bijouterie. Lomonosov, which was the glass-technologist of the factory, by using a limited number of glass colorants elaborated the glass receipts with the aim to obtain colored glasses. At that site several hundred colored glasses were prepared, investigated and employed. We report and discuss here the use of copper as colorant in the preparation of glasses having the same composition of selected Ust-Ruditsa glasses. A series of K2O-PbO-SiO2 glasses (KPS) doped with copper 9.5K2O·xPbO·(90-x)SiO2·0.5CuO (x = 10.1, 19.0, 27.0, 38.0, 47.3, 52.1, 56.8, 61.4 % in mass) has been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering was measured with a 532 nm laser by using the calculated glasses refraction indexes. We found that the color changes due to the bathochromic shift of charge transfer band with increasing lead concentration. The copper center coordination environment is always a distorted octahedron. Upon reduction of copper by carbon the melt glass changes to an opaque orange smalt coloration due to the presence of Cu2O dendrimers. The calculation of Landau-Placzek ratio shows a non-monotonic change with increasing lead concentration. The nano-heterogeneous structure of glasses, characterized by an elevated Landau-Placzek ratio, is confirmed by TEM.

Study of the composition of glasses produced at the Zhabinsky factory in the first third of the 18<sup>th</sup> century

The results of studying the composition of glasses from the site of the Zhabinsky factory, one of the first Russian glass factories founded in the north-west of Russia, are presented. More than 200 samples of historical glass fragments of dishes, as well as the remains of glass on the walls of melting pots were studied using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The data obtained made it possible to classify glasses depending on the recipe and the raw materials used in their production. The reliability of the determination of the compositions was confirmed on randomly selected samples by the ICP AES method. The presence of cobalt impurities was qualitatively determined from the characteristic bands in the absorption spectra of the visible region. The main group of finds is represented by potash-calcium glass obtained using plant ash (ash glass) or purified potash (potash glass). A separate group includes potash-lime glasses obtained through addition of lime to the batch. The nature of the coloration of the studied glasses with iron (+2), iron (+3), cobalt (+2), and also due to the charge transfer iron (+3) — sulfur (–2) is discussed. Potassium-lead glasses with a high lead content found at the site of the plant serve as an example of the first Russian colorless lead crystal. The results represent the first systematic study of the composition of glass produced in Russia in the time of Peter the Great. A comparative analysis of the compositions of glasses from the Zhabinsky and Lavinsky factories has been carried out.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Antibacterial-Producing Actinomycetes against Pathogenic Pathogens from Industrial Effluent Sediments of the Maragheh Glass Factory: A Laboratory Study

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Antibacterial-Producing Actinomycetes against Pathogenic Pathogens from Industrial Effluent Sediments of the Maragheh Glass Factory: A Laboratory Study

АНАЛИЗ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ТРАВМАТИЗМА НА СТЕКОЛЬНОМ ЗАВОДЕ

The paper analyzes the statistical indicators of industrial injuries on the example of a glass factory in order to develop ways to reduce it