Concrete Glass Research Articles

Utilization of waste glass in the improvement of concrete performance: A mini review.

Every year, millions of tonnes of glass waste pose terrible problems related to the environmental condition all over the world. The glass is mainly composed of silica. Its use in concrete could be a beneficial solution for the environment and also economic problems. In this mini review, the different possibilities of the valorization of glass waste by substitution of aggregates and cement in concrete have been explored. Its effects on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics were examined in the main research in this direction. The use of waste glass in concrete can offer an improvement in concrete performance and an asset for participation in sustainable development by reducing this waste.

Replacement of Natural Gravel with Waste Glass in Concrete

In this work, sheet glass waste was used as a replacing material instead of natural gravel. The mix proportion of cement-gravel - sand was (1:1.5:3) and natural gravel was subjected in each mix at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) all the specimens made with natural gravel were repeated with the same specification but instead of natural gravel, sheet glass waste were subjected. Compressive strength for cubic specimens were tested after immersing for different period (1, 7, 14, 28) days and a comparisons made between the concrete of waste glass with the conventional, concrete. Because of similarity of thestrength of compressive results of both glass and gravel. concrete, it was concluded that glass waste could replace natural gravel in concrete. It was obvious that all the percent’s show this behavior, but still at a particular percent’s glass concrete results were even better than gravel concrete. On the other hand glass concrete specimens were less absorbing than gravel concrete when studying the water absorption. Beside the maximum immersion time is the best to improve the properties to both series (glass, gravel).

How Formula and Technology Affect the Generation and Improvement in the Porous Structure of Foam Concrete

Review of literature on heat insulation materials shows that despite significant advancements in the developing new construction materials and methods for making them, the search for, and theoretical substantiation of, novel production methods and uses in construction in line with the today’s requirements and norms remains relevant. This paper dwells upon the general patterns in creating a porous structure in a material: foaming, aggregate grouting. It presents a study of how the formula and the technology affect the properties of foam glass concrete; experimental studies described herein are designed mathematically. Emphasis is made on the materials and products made of lightweight concrete based on porous aggregates; the paper also theorizes upon making durable high-quality products and structures from those materials: blocks, stones, partitions, panels, etc.

Technological Formation Features of the Lightweight Concrete Cellular Structure

One of the most important areas of energy and resource saving in construction is secondary material resources use. In modern construction, the requirements for concrete as one of the main building materials have grown so much that classical compounds are not able to provide the required qualities. Aware of this drawback, there is a tendency to improve and to change the structure and technology of modern concrete production with obtaining better physical and mechanical properties of a new building materials generation. Among the variety of technogenic wastes at the heart of the recycling problem is a significant part of cullet, which is an effective secondary resource in obtaining modern concrete compositions with ecological and economic effects. The physical-mechanical properties of a new high-efficiency thermal insulation material – foam glass concrete are presented. A method for the formation of the lightweight concrete cellular structure is proposed, and the scope of foam glass concrete products and structures is determined.

Statistical Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Glass Concrete

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address

Employing atomic force microscopy technique and X-ray diffraction analysis to examine nanostructure and phase of glass concrete

The effect of waste glass as fine aggregate in concrete mixes was investigated at nano-level by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. In this technique, cantilever arm was operated in tapping mode on concrete samples to classify different phases such as CSH gel, un-hydrated cement particles and voids. The present study also examines the roughness at ITZ (interfacial transition zone) between aggregate and cement matrix. The images obtained through this technique showed dense formation of CSH gel with reduced roughness at 20% substitution level. In addition, hydration products were also studied by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses which showed the enhanced formation of hydration products and ITZ at 20% replacement level.

ASR expansions at the level of a single glass-cement paste interface: experimental results and proposal of a reaction-expansion mechanism

A new experimental methodology for studying ASR expansions at the level of a single aggregate-cementitious matrix interface is proposed. For this methodology, small sandwich-like specimens, with cement paste or mortar on top and bottom of a disc of soda-lime (SL) glass in the middle, are used. These specimens are placed in airtight containers with an alkaline solution and heated in an oven at 60 °C. In these conditions, ASR products are formed rapidly at the interface of the disc and the cementitious matrix, inducing length changes in the specimen which are measured regularly. The morphology and composition of the ASR products are studied by means of SEM/EDS analyses. This inexpensive and very easy to replicate methodology may provide valuable information about the ASR expansion mechanisms. The specimens developed expansions of about 30 μm before the SL glass got detached from the cement paste matrix. SEM/EDS analyses of the reaction products formed in between the SL glass and the cement paste matrix indicate calcium-to-silica molar ratios ranging between 1.0 and 1.5. Finally, based on the experimental results presented in this paper, as well as on other experimental and theoretical results found in the literature, a reaction-expansion mechanism for ASR in SL glass concrete is proposed.

Utilization of recycled glass for 3D concrete printing: rheological and mechanical properties

The disposal of post-consumer glass has been a major issue due to its inert properties that may cause environmental effects, while recycling of these glasses is only feasible if the waste glass recovered is sorted into its different colour to prevent chemical incompatibility in the manufacturing process. 3D printing in building and construction has gain increasing attention in the past decade and provides a potential to sustainably utilize the recycled unsorted glasses. This paper examines the use of recycled glass as the fine aggregates for 3D concrete printing applications. Despite the several studies done on the use of recycled glass in concrete, there is a lack of focus on the rheology of the material which is essential to the performance of the material in 3D concrete printing. Although results have shown that the mechanical strength for the recycled glass concrete is lower than the sand aggregates concrete, yet the flow properties of the former is better than the latter. Nonetheless, a balance between the mechanical strength and flowability of the mix design should be studied. The future work revolves around the optimization of the mix design using a combination of sand and recycled glass, adjusting the gradation of recycled glass particles and addition of accelerators to improve its buildability and mechanical strengths.

Influence of particle size of glass aggregates on the high temperature properties of dry-mix concrete blocks

Abstract The high temperature properties of glass aggregates (i.e. thermal conductivity and melting temperature) play important roles on the performance of the glass concrete. It has been known that when glass aggregates are incorporated in concrete and the concrete is subjected to elevated temperatures, the melted glass surface could act as a binding material to mitigate the high temperature damages in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the glass aggregates. In this study, the influence of the particle size of the glass aggregates on the properties of dry-mix glass concrete blocks after exposure to elevated temperatures of up to 800 °C was investigated. In order to avoid the influence of the pozzolanic reaction of the glass, glass particles of

Effect of recycled glass fines on mechanical and durability properties of concrete foam in comparison with traditional cementitious fines

This paper shows the potential benefits of using recycled glass fines as a sustainable and low-cost alternative compared to fly ash, silica fume and fine sand in concrete foam. One of the main concerns of using recycled glass in concrete is durability and particularly alkali-silica reaction (ASR). SEM-EDS analysis of the mortar with glass showed the formation of ASR gel with a higher silicon to calcium ratio around the glass particles which justified the large ASR expansion. On the other hand, microtomography analysis showed that the porous structure of concrete foam can accommodate the expansion of ASR gel inside the pores with considerably less expansion and no cracking. The majority of the pores filled with ASR gel are at the outer edge of the sample which was in contact with the alkaline solution. The smaller pores are more likely to be filled with ASR gel compared to the larger pores. Replacement of 10 wt% of Portland cement with milled glass resulted in higher strength compared to the other cementitious materials because of better compaction within the binder and pore strengthening effect due to rearrangement of pore sizes, as well as reduction of the unit weight. Recycled glass slightly decreased water absorption but substantially reduced the drying shrinkage of concrete foam.

Compressive strength measurement for cement replacement with recycled glass in concrete

The most important environmental constraints at the present timeis the accumulation of glass waste (transparent glass bottles). A lot ofexperiments and research have been made on waste and recyclingglass to get use it as much as possible. This research using recyclingof locally waste colorless glass to turn them into raw materials asalternative of certain percentages of cement to save the environmentfrom glass waste and reduce some of the disadvantages of cementwith conserving the mechanical and physical properties of concretemade. A set of required samples were prepared for mechanical testwith different weight percentage of waste glass (2%, 4%, 5%, 6%,8%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). American standard for calibration(ASTM C109 / C109M-02) to measure the compressive strengthwhere the results showed that the Maximum compressive strengthwas obtained at the low weight percentage replacement 2%, 4% and5% 6% which is 67.12, 69.24, 62.56 and 59.96 Mpa respectively. fororiginally mix recorded bending resistance (54.16) Mpa.

Effects of recycled CRT glass fine aggregate size and content on mechanical and damping properties of concrete

This paper investigates the influences of the content and particle size of recycled cathode ray tube (CRT) glass on the damping ratio of the CRT glass concrete by free vibration attenuation method. The density, water absorption, strength, and elastic modulus were also evaluated. The results show that the water absorption, elastic modulus, compressive strength and tensile strength decreased monotonously with CRT glass content, while the CRT glass content had a limited impact on the damping ratio. In general, hardened density, water absorption and damping ratio would decrease when the maximum particle size reduces from 4.75 mm to 0.60 mm, while the compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus would increase. However, an unexpected decrease in the compressive strength and increase in the damping ratio of CRT glass concrete comes out when the maximum particle size decreases from 1.18 mm to 0.60 mm. The tensile strength of CRT glass concrete is underestimated by most of the existing concrete specifications when using compressive strength to estimate tensile strength. These specifications provide a conservative estimation that allows for the safe application of recycled CRT glass concrete in engineering designs.

Investigation on the Use of Demolished Concrete and Glass in Concrete

The problem of waste generation has rapidly become a serious issue of concern for many scholars. This study takes the problem of waste that is generated from construction fields, such as demolished concrete, glass and aims to reuse the construction and demolition debris for use as aggregates in construction purpose. Study involving reuse of demolition waste like demolished concrete, glass as partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregate up to 20% was performed before. But in those studies, either coarse aggregate is replaced with demolition waste or fine aggregate was replaced with glass. This study attempts to fully replace coarse aggregate with demolished concrete and crushed glass as partial replacement of fine aggregate to a content of 20, 25 and 30%, respectively. The main findings of this investigation revealed that using glass in lieu of sand at 30% replacement as fine aggregate gives maximum compressive strength which is significantly greater than M35 (35 MPa) grade concrete and nearing M40 (40 MPa) to M45 (45MPa) grade concrete, which indicates the suitability of use in various constructions. It also revealed that with increasing quantity of glass the corresponding strength increase doesn’t occur linearly, but the rate of increase gradually slows down with increasing of the amount of glass in the concrete samples.

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Waste Glass in Concrete With Respect To Conventional Concrete with Alccofine

Objective: To find out compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of concrete by using waste glass as a fine aggregate and to check internal structure of concrete by SEM test and XRD test. Method: Waste glass is the better idea to use in concrete as fine aggregate as India produce 22 million metric ton of waste glass per year and recycles only 45% of it. Fine aggregates replaced by glass with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% in M40 mix. In this research also alccofine 1203 used to provide additional strength to concrete. Tests performed on these examples were: compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength test, SEM and XRD test. Findings: Strength increases with the addition of glass particles to the concrete by partially replacing fine aggregates. Alccofine addition to glass as additive helps to improve the strength properties of glass concrete due to its micro size. Strength increases as replacement of 5%, 7% to 9 % due to angular shape of glass molecules. Improvement: Size of the waste glass can be finer and more Alccofine may be added. Keywords: Alccofine, Compressive Strength, SEM (Scanning Electrons Microscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), Waste Glass

USE OF RECYCLED GLASS IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

Worldwide, rapid population growth causes an increasing production of solid waste, and sustainable waste management solutions are required to deal with this. Waste glass is a significant component of the solid waste stream, and most of the recycled glass cullet is used for new glassware. However, waste containers with mixed types of glass, such as windows, ovenware, and crystal, which have higher melting points and are of different colors, cannot be used for new glassware. Hence, the contaminated load is sent to landfill. As landfill capacity is limited, it is critical to consider using this waste material for other applications. While the effects of the substitution of fine or coarse aggregates have been extensively researched, information on the effects of partial replacement of coarse aggregates and total replacement of fine aggregate with glass cullet is scarce. This paper reports on continuing research at La Trobe University on using recycled aggregates in the production of concrete. The effects of partial or total replacement of coarse crushed rock aggregates with recycled glass aggregates on the strength and durability of concrete were investigated. It was found that concrete mixes produced with recycled glass exhibited lower performance than the mixes produced with crushed rock aggregates. However, the production costs were lower and the appearance of concrete was improved, making it applicable for finishing products, noise barriers and light-trafficked footpaths.

Sustainable production of concrete containing discarded beverage glass as fine aggregate

Discarding of waste glass is creating major ecological issues across the globe. In recent years, the rate of disposal of this material has amplified. One conceivable approach is to employ this rejected material as a substitute of fine aggregate in concrete. Hence, this study examines the behaviour of concrete with waste glass as fine aggregate at various substitution levels (18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23% & 24%). Fresh, hardened and durability properties were evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, density and water absorption. The outcome of the present work indicates that inclusion of waste glass has led to the enhancement in quality of microstructure up to 21% substitution of fine aggregate. This has improved the mechanical properties of such concrete mixes. It is observed that water absorption and water permeability are negatively affected with increment of waste glass in concrete. Hence, it can be concluded that 21% of fine aggregate can be replaced by waste glass to manufacture concrete for non-aggressive environment.

Workability, Compressive and Tensile Split Strength Behavior of Blue Gum Ash Glass Concrete

Workability, Compressive and Tensile Split Strength Behavior of Blue Gum Ash Glass Concrete

Assessment of in-situ alkali-silica reaction (ASR) development of glass aggregate concrete prepared with dry-mix and conventional wet-mix methods by X-ray computed micro-tomography

A recent study showed that concrete products prepared with the dry-mix method have better alkali-silica reaction (ASR) resistance than that prepared by the wet-mix method. But the mechanism of ASR in dry-mix glass concrete remains unclear. Meanwhile, the techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) cannot reflect the in-situ evolution of the microstructure with the progress of the ASR. In this study, two common casting methods, the wet-mix and dry-mix methods, were adopted to prepare the glass concrete. The non-destructive X-ray computed micro-tomography (X-ray μCT) technique was applied to observe the pore geometries of both the wet-mix and dry-mix glass concrete, to determine their porosities using 3D volumes and to investigate the generation of cracks during ASR development. This study firstly observed the irregular pore geometry of the glass concretes by quantitatively comparing the pore geometries using the sphericity developed by Wadell for both dry-mix and wet-mix glass concrete. The test results of the porosity measured by 3D volume showed that the porosity of the dry-mix glass concrete decreased after the ASR test. However, no obvious change was observed in the porosity of the wet-mix glass concrete. This change may be attributed to the large pores in the dry-mix glass concrete which can accommodate the ASR gel. Through the in-situ observation using 3D X-ray μCT, no new cracks were generated in the dry-mix glass concrete during the progressive development of ASR. On the contrary, new cracks which were filled with ASR gel were densely distributed in the wet-mix glass concrete, which led to failure of the concrete matrix. This is because the expansive ASR gel formed could not be accommodated by the limited pore space in the wet-mix glass concrete, and the swelling pressure of ASR gel induced new cracks in the wet-mix glass concrete.

Research on the Properties of the Waste Glass Concrete Composite Foundation

The composite foundation of glass concrete can not only reuse the large number of waste glass, but also improve the bearing capacity of weak foundation and soil with special properties. In this paper, the engineering properties of glass concrete composite foundation are studied based on the development situation of glass concrete and the technology of composite foundation.

Recycled Glass Concrete: Coarse and Fine Aggregates

Conventional concrete aggregate consists of sand (fine aggregate) and various sizes and shapes of gravel or stones (coarse aggregate). However, there is a growing interest in substituting alternative aggregate materials, largely as a potential use for recycled materials. While there is significant research on many different materials for aggregate substitutes such as granulated coal ash, blast furnace slag or various solid wastes including fiberglass waste materials, granulated plastics, paper and wood products or wastes, sintered sludge pellets and others. Recycled waste glasses were used as coarse and fine aggregates replacement in concrete. Coarse aggregates were replaced with Green Bottles coarse aggregates at third, half, two thirds, and 100% replacement ratios. The replacement of a third coarse aggregate was established as being the most suitable for retaining the properties of the concrete mix design. As for fine aggregates, in order to account for the numbers of variables and clearly establish a bench mark, the sand grading, color of glass, source of waste glass (bottles and non-bottles), and design mix strength were used as parameters. Fine aggregates from green, brown, and transparent bottles in addition to clear window waste glass were used. Concrete properties were tested in fresh and hardened states. The incorporation of glass sand regardless of the ratios of replacement showed no significant influence on fresh or mechanical properties of concrete except for the case of transparent bottles. Transparent bottles due to the wide source of obtainability have introduced a non-uniform factor that caused discrepancy compared to the rest of the group.