Glandular Type Research Articles

Squamotous-type sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung with rhabdomyosarcomatous components

Lung carcinosarcoma is an infrequently biphasic tumor composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. It is divided into endobronchial (squamous-type) and peripheral (glandular type) categories. The carcinomatous component is usually a squamous carcinoma, and the sarcomatous component usually resembles a fibrosarcoma or a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The presence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in such neoplasms is exceedingly rare. There are strong associations with smoking and asbestosis. In this study, we describe a unique case of a 43-year-old man with a 75 packet/year smoking history in whom a rare mixed malignant tumor of the lung was diagnosed and treated by left pneumonectomy. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed squamous cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma components. Although rare, the association of a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung with squamous cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcomatous component is possible and should be kept in mind when dealing with these unusual tumors.

Studies on the Formation of Microspores and Development of Male Gametophyte in Acer yanjuechi (Aceraceae)

Acer yanjuechi is on the extremely endangered situation. This paper studied the formation of microspores and development of male gametophyte in Acer yanjuechi by using paraffin method to find the cause. The results are as follows: there are two kinds of flowers in Acer yanjuechi, bisexual flower and male flower. The stamens of male flowers could dehisce, but bisexual ones could not. Four pollen sacs make up one anther. The anther wall is of ground form. The endothercium develops fibular thickenings, and the tapetum is of the glandular type. The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cells in meiosis is of the simultaneous type. The microspore tetrads is of tetrahedral, and pollen grains are two-celled when mature. In the whole development of anthers, pollen abortions appear constantly and make pollens shriveled and embolic. The reasons are following: the callose dissolve ahead of time, nucleus microspore adhere to each other, anthers become vacuolating, and so on, which maybe one of the causes of being in danger of Acer yanjuechi. Pollen viability was detected initially, ranging from 36.98% to 60.54%, and the average is 45.97%. This article laid the foundation of anatomical data about Acer yanjuechi in the formation of microspores and development of male gametophyte.

Differential effects of various African nightshade species on the fecundity and movement of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard is a serious pest of solanaceous plants worldwide. Management of this oligophagous pest in African nightshades has been a challenge to smallholder African farmers due to its high reproductive rate and rapid development of resistance to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of leaf trichomes on T. evansi by comparing its fecundity and movement on the leaf surfaces of five African nightshade species, namely Solanum sarrachoides Sendter, S. villosum Miller, S. tarderemotum Bitter, S. americanum Miller and S. scabrum Miller. Data were recorded in the laboratory at 23 ± 1°C, 50–70% relative humidity and a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod for the effect of trichome type and density of the abaxial leaf surface on mite fecundity. Distances travelled by mites on the leaf surface from the edge of a thumbtack pin inserted on the leaf were also recorded. Different trichomes, glandular and non-glandular types, were identified. There was a significant negative correlation of fecundity and distance walked by mites with the density of glandular trichomes. Significantly fewer eggs were laid on S. sarrachoides in comparison with the other Solanum species. The distance walked by mites was also significantly shorter in this species, indicating that higher densities of glandular trichomes interfere with mite movements. These results suggest that African nightshade genotypes differ in their levels of resistance to T. evansi, which is partially associated with differences in trichome types and their densities.

α-Fetoprotein–producing ovarian tumor in a postmenopausal woman with germ cell differentiation

α-Fetoprotein (AFP)-producing ovarian tumors (APOTs) are rarely encountered in postmenopausal women, irrespective of whether they are of the germ cell or non-germ cell type. The APOTs that do occur in postmenopausal women are characterized by variable histologies such as hepatoid carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and epithelial malignancies, most of which are combined. We herein present a case with APOT, which arose in a 58-year-old, gravida 2, para 2, postmenopausal woman. Preoperatively, the tumor, which was in the right ovary, was found to produce AFP (102768.0 ng/mL). The tumor was evenly composed of glands mimicking secretory endometrial gland or fetal gut accompanied by abundant stroma. Immunohistochemically, these glands were positive for SALL4, glypican-3, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β. We considered the present case as an AFP-producing adenocarcinoma with adenofibroma showing germ cell differentiation, but it seemed controversial that this tumor should be designated as a yolk sac tumor of the glandular type. The expression profiles of SALL4, OCT4, glypican-3, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β were thought to provide interesting implications to characterize the present case.

MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF TRIDEX PROCUMBENS LINN.

This study was aimed to develop of complete microscopy and macroscopy of Tridex procumbens in which the leaves, petioles, roots and stems were studied. Tridex procumbens Linn. Fam. Asteraceae commonly known as ‘Coat Buttons’ is an important plant used against various activities in indigenous system of medicine such as hepatoprotective, anti-hepatotoxic, antipyretics, anti-diabetic, blood coagulant, anti-diabetic and in wound healing activity. The transverse section of leaf shows epidermis single layered on both the surfaces and covered with thick cuticle. Trichomes were of covering type simple, multicelled and more in number on dorsal side. Leaves consist glandular and non glandular type of trichomes. The anomocytic types of stomata at present in both lower and upper surface of leaves. The quantitative microscopical studies of leaf were also carried out like palisade ratio, vein islet number, vein termination number, stomatal number (lower surface), stomatal index (upper surface), stomatal index (lower surface). The transverse section of Petiole shows Single layered epidermis covered with cuticle, multicellular trichomes, vascular bundles, xylem surrounded by the phloem. The transverse section of root shows cork, cortex, xylem, phloem, medullary rays and pith. The transverse section of stem shows cork, cortex xylem, phloem and pith.

P33.05: Effects of the breast ultrasound types for detection of mammary lesion in females

To study the role of the breast ultrasound types in screening programme. About 4848 breast of 2424 patients were investigated using sonography, including 150 benign lesion and 72 breast cancer with the result of pathology. The sonographic patterns were classified according the tissue structure and involution of breast into glandular (Figure 1), fibroglandular-1 (Figure 2), fibroglandular-2 (Figure 3), and fatty types (Figure 4). A single breast is statistic unit. The involution degree of terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) was the base of breast ultrasound types. The proportion of glandular type was decrease follow age growth and the proportion of fatty type was higher follow age growth. Before 50 years of age, the proportion of fibroglandular-1 type was stabilization and it was decrease after 50 years of age. Before 60 years of age, the proportion of fibroglandular-2 type was higher follow age growth, which achieved the peak value in 50–59 years, but it was decrease after 60 years of age. There was significant difference of the proportion in any age, P = 0.000. The proportion of the benign lesion no difference in four categories. The proportion of breast cancer (4.3%, 20/465 breast) in fatty type was higher than that in fibroglandular-1 type (0.61%, 9/1473 breast) and fibroglandular-2 type (1.81%, 43/2373) which was significant difference, P = 0.000. There was no breast cancer in glandular type. There was good correlation in the breast ultrasound types and age and breast cancer, but it was no in benign lesion. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

P33.07: Evaluation of ovarian vascularization in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome by three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography

Objectives: To study the role of the breast ultrasound types in screening programme. Methods: About 4848 breast of 2424 patients were investigated using sonography, including 150 benign lesion and 72 breast cancer with the result of pathology. The sonographic patterns were classified according the tissue structure and involution of breast into glandular (Figure 1), fibroglandular-1 (Figure 2), fibroglandular-2 (Figure 3), and fatty types (Figure 4). A single breast is statistic unit. Results: The involution degree of terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) was the base of breast ultrasound types. The proportion of glandular type was decrease follow age growth and the proportion of fatty type was higher follow age growth. Before 50 years of age, the proportion of fibroglandular-1 type was stabilization and it was decrease after 50 years of age. Before 60 years of age, the proportion of fibroglandular-2 type was higher follow age growth, which achieved the peak value in 50–59 years, but it was decrease after 60 years of age. There was significant difference of the proportion in any age, P = 0.000. The proportion of the benign lesion no difference in four categories. The proportion of breast cancer (4.3%, 20/465 breast) in fatty type was higher than that in fibroglandular-1 type (0.61%, 9/1473 breast) and fibroglandular-2 type (1.81%, 43/2373) which was significant difference, P = 0.000. There was no breast cancer in glandular type. Conclusions: There was good correlation in the breast ultrasound types and age and breast cancer, but it was no in benign lesion.

Morphology and Diversity of Exocrine Glands in Lepidopteran Larvae

The morphology of 21 exocrine glands and 13 supposedly exocrine structures recorded for lepidopteran larvae is reviewed. The epitracheal glands, for which a double role (exocrine and endocrine) has been demonstrated, are examined as well. Function is well known for at least 8 glands but completely unknown for 6 glands, for 10 putative glandular structures, and for the exocrine component of the epitracheal glands. Functional studies on the remaining structures are insufficient; in some cases (mandibular gland and adenosma) homologous glands may play a different role depending on the species, and only a few taxa have been examined. The secretions of 13 glandular types have been analyzed chemically. The histology of 11 glands is known at the ultrastructural level, whereas that of 6 glands and 7 putative glandular structures is completely unknown. Comparative anatomical studies of the osmeterium, adenosma, and Verson's glands may yield useful information for phylogenetic reconstructions.

Pharmacognostic study of two medicinal species of Rytigynia (Rubiaceae): Rytigynia nigerica (S. Moore) Robyns and Rytigynia umbellulata (Hierns) Robyns from Nigeria

Micromorphological and phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaves of Rytigynia nigerica (S. Moore) Robyns and Rytigynia umbellulata (Hierns) Robyns. The epidermal cells of both the adaxial and the abaxial surfaces have irregular shape and the anticlinal cell wall patterns are either curved or undulate. Remarkable diagnostic features of the two plants which in a way justify their grouping in the same genus are paracytic stomatal type, hypostomatic leaf and centrally located vascular bundles in the midrib and spatial deposition of crystals of calcium oxalate in the perivascular tissue. But the distinctive features of each species include higher epidermal cell number in R. nigerica than R. umbellulata. Thin cell wall of 1.0 (1.6±0.2) 3.0µm on the abaxial surface of R. nigerica. Higher stomatal size of 6.0 (12.4±1.2) 20µm x 5.0 (13.4±1.3) 20µm in R. umbellulata and long and tip bent trichomes reported on the abaxial surface of R. nigerica and multicellular glandular type on the adaxial layer of R. umbellulata. Phytochemical screening showed that in both R. nigerica and R. umbellulata, bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugar, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenes were present; whereas anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, cyanogenetic glycosides and phlobatannins were absent. However, only the extracts of R. nigerica were positive for steroids. These bioactive compounds found in the leaves of these plants play a major role in their medicinal potentials. The two species are well known plants used in folkloric medicine in Nigeria.

Das Analkanalkarzinom

Tumors of the anal canal are mostly epithelial in origin. The transition of gland-forming rectal mucosa via specialized urothelium-like cells at the dentate line to anal non-keratinized and finally perianal keratinized squamous epithelium implies a broad spectrum of tumor types, with most cancers exhibiting a mixture of different histological features. Moreover, secondary neoplasias extending into or metastasizing to the anal region need to be considered. Based on epithelial metaplasia at the transformation zone, poorly differentiated squamous anal carcinomas may show co-expression of both the squamous (CK5/6) and glandular type keratins (CK7). Since HPV infection of high-risk types (often 16 and 18) is etiologically associated with anal cancer, p16(INK4a) is highly sensitive and specific in the detection of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasias (ASIN) and corresponding invasive squamous carcinomas. Diagnosis of secondary malignancies, including pagetoid extension into the anogenital region, requires the application of specific immunohistochemical marker panels.

Supplement 2, Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Lung Cancer, Book 2

Supplement 2, Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Lung Cancer, Book 2

Immunohistochemical Analysis in a Morphologic Spectrum of Urachal Epithelial Neoplasms

The vast majority of urachal epithelial neoplasms are adenocarcinomas with several described morphologic subtypes that include both enteric and nonenteric histologies. Adenocarcinoma from several other primaries may mimic any of these urachal adenocarcinoma subtypes in the bladder or at distant sites. However, data regarding the immunohistochemical profile of urachal carcinoma are limited, let alone its correlation with the different histologic subtypes that may have implications in the differential diagnostic workup with their morphologic mimics. Herein, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis in a broad spectrum of 39 urachal epithelial neoplasms (34 adenocarcinomas, 1 urothelial carcinoma, and 4 noninvasive mucinous cystic tumors), 13 urachal remnants, and 6 secondary colonic adenocarcinomas of the bladder, using an antibody panel that included novel and traditional gastrointestinal tract-associated markers. Expression levels of p63, CK7, CK20, CDX2, nuclear β-catenin, claudin-18, and Reg IV in urachal adenocarcinoma were as follows: 3%, 50%, 100%, 85%, 6%, 53%, and 85%. In urachal adenocarcinoma subtypes, expression levels of CDX2, nuclear β-catenin, claudin-18, and Reg IV were as follows: mucinous (8/8, 0/8, 6/8, 8/8), enteric (10/11, 1/11, 3/11, 8/11), not otherwise specified (5/7, 0/7, 3/7, 5/7), and signet ring cell (4/6, 0/6, 4/6, 6/6) type. All urachal adenocarcinomas had membrano-cytoplasmic β-catenin staining and only 2 tumors had nuclear localization that were focal to moderate, in contrast to secondary colonic adenocarcinoma of the bladder, which mostly had both membrano-cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Claudin-18 positivity was observed only in frankly malignant tumors and not in noninvasive urachal tumors and urachal remnants. Reg IV expression seemed to be related to mucin production, which was often diffuse in mucinous and signet ring cell subtypes and focal in enteric subtype, with goblet cell-like reactivity similar to secondary colonic adenocarcinoma. p63 expression was present in urothelial urachal remnants (3/3) and contrasted with CDX2 expression seen in glandular (5/6) and mixed urothelial/glandular remnants (2/4). Thus, this study showed that CDX2 is expressed by urachal remnants of glandular type, noninvasive urachal mucinous cystic tumors and urachal adenocarcinomas, and can be diffuse in urachal adenocarcinomas, even without the classic enteric morphology. Nuclear localization of β-catenin can rarely occur in urachal adenocarcinoma; however, diffuse nuclear reactivity argues against its diagnosis. The novel gastrointestinal tract markers claudin-18 and Reg IV are both expressed in urachal adenocarcinoma, including in signet ring cell carcinoma, and thus refutes the suggested specificity for gastrointestinal tract signet ring cell carcinomas. An immunohistochemical panel that includes β-catenin and CK7 may have value in differentiating urachal adenocarcinoma of enteric morphology from colonic adenocarcinoma. Overall, this study suggests that the different morphologic presentations of urachal adenocarcinomas have a relatively similar or overlapping immunophenotype. Knowledge of the similarity in immunostaining to its different morphologic mimics may help avoid misdiagnosis in urachal adenocarcinoma.

A Case of Solitary Bronchial Papilloma of Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Type Resected Endoscopically Using an Electrosurgical Snare and Diode Laser

背景．気管支の孤立性乳頭腫は比較的稀な上皮性良性腫瘍であるが，その中で扁平上皮腺上皮性混合型乳頭腫は極めて稀で，これまで文献的に自験例を含めて13例の報告しかみられない．孤立性気管支乳頭腫の治療としては，これまで主に外科的切除術が実施されている．症例．84歳，女性．検診の胸部X線写真で右中肺野に異常陰影を指摘され，当院を受診．胸部CT画像では右肺S3に部分的無気肺と右主気管支内腔に突出する腫瘤陰影が認められた．気管支内視鏡検査では，中間幹の内腔にポリープ状の腫瘍が認められ，生検組織で混合型乳頭腫と診断された．腫瘍内における悪性化の合併の有無を検索するために，高周波スネアと半導体レーザーを用いて内視鏡的に腫瘍を切除した．摘出された腫瘍の病理組織学的検査で悪性化はみられず，孤立性気管支乳頭腫（扁平上皮腺上皮性混合型）と診断が確定できた．なお，免疫染色でヒトパピローマウイルスは陰性であった．内視鏡的治療後，2年6ヶ月の現在再発はみられない．結論．内視鏡的治療により切除された孤立性気管支混合型乳頭腫の1例を報告した．高周波スネアと半導体レーザーを用いての内視鏡的治療は，孤立性気管支乳頭腫に対して有用な治療法の1つと思われる．

An investigation of the glandular and non-glandular foliar trichomes of Orthosiphon labiatus N.E.Br. [Lamiaceae

Using a combination of light (stereo and compound) and scaning electron microscopy, this study investigates the distribution and morphology of foliar trichomes of Orthosiphon labiatus (Lamiaceae) at different stages of leaf development. Three types of trichomes were observed: two glandular types (large peltate and small capitate) and one non-glandular type. Results revealed that the development of peltate trichomes was initiated in the early stages of leaf development. However, a higher number of developed peltate trichomes was observed in mature leaves, indicating an increase with age. Capitate trichomes are, by contrast, rare and sparsely distributed on both leaf surfaces. The highest density of non-glandular trichomes was observed on the abaxial leaf surface, especially along the veins, with the density decreasing with leaf maturity. This paper contributes towards the body of knowledge being assembled on the family Lamiaceae as it manifests in southern Africa.

Reproductive morphology of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Lardizabalaceae) and its systematic implications

The reproductive morphology of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv) Rehd. et Wils. is investigated through field, herbarium, and laboratory observations. Sargentodoxa may be either dioecious or monoecious. The functionally unisexual flowers are morphologically bisexual, at least developmentally. The anther is tetrasporangiate, and its wall, of which the development follows the basic type, is composed of an epidermis, endothecium, two middle layers, and a tapetum. The tapetum is of the glandular type. Microspore cytokinesis is simultaneous, and the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are two-celled when shed. The mature ovule is crassinucellate and bitegmic, and the micropyle is formed only by the inner integument. Megasporocytes undergo meiosis resulting in the formation of four megaspores in a linear tetrad. The functional megaspore develops into an eight-nucleate embryo sac after three rounds of mitosis. The mature embryo sac consists of an egg apparatus (an egg and two synergids), a central cell, and three antipodal cells. The pattern of the embryo sac development follows a monosporic Polygonum type. Comparisons with allied groups show that Sargentodoxa shares more synapomorphies with the Lardizabalaceae than other Ranunculales. Characteristics of its reproductive morphology are consistent with the placement of Sargentodoxa as the sister group of the remaining Lardizabalaceae. It does not possess a sufficient number of apomorphic characters to justify its separation into a separate family or subfamily. It is best retained as a member of the Lardizabalaceae.

Estramustine binding protein in human benign prostatic hypertrophy

Using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) of estramustine binding protein (EMBP) with the antibody raised against rat-EMBP, the concentration of EMBP in human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissue was evaluated. Using mechanical separation procedure, EMBP was found significantly higher in the epithelium (10.7 ng/mg protein) than in the stroma (2.9 ng/mg protein). When human BPH was classified into glandular, fibromuscular and mixed type, the concentration of EMBP was the highest in glandular type (15.7 ng/mg protein) and the lowest in fibromuscular type (10.8 ng/mg protein).

A Case of Growing Endobronchial Glandular Papilloma

Pulmonary papillomas are rare benign epithelial neoplasms arising in bronchial surface epithelium. They are categorized by a variety of cell types including squamous, glandular, and mixed squamous and glandular type. Among them, glandular papilloma is extremely rare and has not been reported in Korea. The patient was a 52 year-old man presenting with a 4-months' history of recurrent hemoptysis. Bronchofiberoscopy revealed a whitish, glistening, and polypoid mass lesion at the proximal bronchus in the basal segment of the left lower lung. Bronchoscopic biopsy was performed; papillary fronds lined by ciliated or nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium were noted on histologic findings. We present the first case of glandular papilloma in Korea. Two years later, the patient visited our hospital again due to hemoptysis. On follow-up bronchoscopy, a mass that had been found previously showed an increase in size.

Carcinoma adenóide quístico recorrente. Revisão a propósito de um caso clínico

The adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial glandular type neoplasia, occurring frequently in the salivary and mammary glands, and rarely in the lung, and is responsible for 0.2% of lung tumours.These tumours present a slow growth and prolonged clinical course, and are characterised by their infiltrative nature and tendency towards late local recurrence.The authors present a case of a woman with adenoid cystic lung carcinoma diagnosed after investigation of a lung nodule, submitted to surgical resection with curative intention, whose follow-up identified late recurrence, 9 years after surgery.The present case emphasises the need for a prolonged surveillance, due to the potential late recurrence of this kind of tumour. The article reviews clinical and pathological features of lung adenoid cystic carcinoma, as well as therapeutic options, namely for prevention of recurrence.Rev Port Pneumol 2009; XV (1): 101-107

Anal gland adenocarcinoma

Anal malignancies constitute approximately 1 to 3 % of all large-bowel carcinomas 12 and less than 6 % of all anorectal carcinomas 34 . The latter is either squamous or glandular type. The squamous cell carcinoma is much more common than adenocarcinoma. Anal canal adenocarcinoma is subclassified into adenocarcinoma arising in anal mucosa and extamucosal (perianal) adenocarcinoma. The latter includes adenocarcinoma with anorectal fistula, and adenocarcinoma of anal glands 5 . In this article, we present a case of 49-year-old man with anal mass diagnosed as anal gland adenocarcinoma. We also reviewed the literature of this rare entity.

Relações entre acilaçúcares, tricoma glandular e resistência do tomateiro à mosca branca

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de entender o envolvimento dos tricomas glandulares tipo IV, contendo acilaçúcares, na resistência de tomateiro à Bemisia argentifolii. Os genótipos utilizados foram: Lycopersicon esculentum ‘TOM-584’, desprovido de acilaçúcares e de tricomas tipo IV; L. pennellii ‘LA-716’, rico em acilaçúcares e em tricomas tipo IV; bem como suas plantas F2: BPX-370#30 e BPX-370#79. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (genótipos), três e seis repetições dos parentais e dos clones F2, respectivamente. As quantificações dos tricomas tipo IV foram feitas do lado abaxial dos folíolos, em 20 cortes paradérmicos/planta, distribuídos em cinco folíolos/planta e quatro cortes/folíolo. As informações sobre os teores de acilaçúcares, bem como dos números de adultos mortos e ninfas vivas de mosca branca dos genótipos em teste, foram obtidas de outros estudos. Foram realizados contrastes entre as médias dos genótipos F2, para a densidade de tricomas, número de adultos mortos e de ninfas vivas de mosca branca. Não houve influência do tricoma tipo IV na resistência do tomateiro à mosca branca. A presença de adultos mortos do inseto nas plantas com este tipo de tricoma, bem como a ausência ou pequena quantidade de ninfas vivas, são explicadas pela ação dos acilaçúcares carreados por esse tipo de tricoma