Measurement Of Gland Volume Research Articles

The importance of fetal adrenal gland volume measurement in successful labor induction with oxytocin.

We aimed to show the predictive value of fetal adrenal gland volume (FAGV) measurement in the success of labor induction with oxytocin. This is a prospective cohort study that included a total of 103 term nulliparous. Immediately after deciding to induce labor with oxytocin, the fetal right and left adrenal gland measurements were obtained. Induction success was achieved in 89 of 103 (86.4%) pregnant women. In comparison of the FAGV values of failed induction labor group, the total volumes of right and left fetal adrenal glands and the fetal zone volumes (FZV) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the successful labor induction group (p < 0.001). In predicting induction success, the cut-off value of fetal adrenal gland volume (cFAGV) was set as >230.2 mm3 /kg and area under curve (AUC) value of 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.736-1.000) for right total adrenal gland (p < 0.001). The cut-off value of cFAGV was set as >236.7 mm3 /kg and AUC value of 0.891(95%CI, 0.768-1.000) (p < 0.001) for left total adrenal gland. The cut-off value of cFAGV was set as >12.6 mm3 /kg and AUC value of 0.952 (95%CI, 0.905-0.999) for right FZV(p < 0.001). The cut-off value of cFAGV was set as >7.8 mm3 /kg and AUC value of 0.884 (95%CI, 0.752-1.000) for left FZV (p < 0.001). Two-dimension ultrasonographic measurement is an easy-to-access and noninvasive method that can be integrated into the algorithms to predict the success of induction based on FAGV measurement.

03:54 PM Abstract No. 128 Accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound, CT, and MRI compared with volumetric cone-beam CT measurement in predicting hyperplastic prostate gland volume

To evaluate accuracy of hyperplastic prostate gland volume measurement by ellipsoid volume calculation using ultrasound, CT or MRI images, compared to volumetric measurement made with cone-beam CT. 142 patients who underwent PAE from May 2013 through August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All available preprocedural transabdominal ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI studies or reports were reviewed and estimated prostate gland volumes (PGV) using ellipsoid volume calculation (V=4/3*πabc) were recorded. During each PAE case, axial pelvic cone-beam CT (CBCT) images were acquired with coronal and sagittal images reconstructed. PGVs were re-measured with these images, both using ellipsoid volume calculation (CBCT-E) and slice-by-slice three dimensional volumetric measurement (CBCT-V). Patients were excluded if preprocedural or procedural measurements were unavailable. Comparisons were made using paired Student T-tests. 63 patients had preprocedural transabdominal ultrasound PGV measurements with mean PGV of 122.5mL, compared to corresponding CBCT-E mean PGV of 140.0mL and CBCT-V mean PGV of 161.9mL obtained during PAE. 32 patients had pelvic CT gland volume measurements with mean PGV of 225.2mL, compared to their corresponding CBCT-E mean PGV of 223.0mL and CBCT-V mean PGV of 254.8mL obtained during PAE. 13 patients had preprocedural pelvic MRI gland volume measurements, with mean PGV of 152.6mL, compared to corresponding CBCT-E mean PGV of 192.3mL and CBCT-V mean PGV of 214.6mL obtained during PAE. 27 patients had no prior imaging available, but had CBCT-E mean PGV of 119.2mL and CBCT-V mean PGV of 153.9mL obtained during PAE. When compared to CBCT-V, ultrasound underestimated PGV by 24% (P<0.0001), CT underestimated PGV by 12% (P<0.01), CBCT-E underestimated PGV by 14% (P<0.0001), and MRI underestimated PGV by 29% (P<0.0001). Diagnostic imaging modalities, particularly ultrasound, significantly underestimated PGV in this study. Correction factors may better calibrate assessment of PGV and thereby further truncate appropriate procedural treatment options for symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia. Importantly, PAE has been shown to be effective regardless of gland size1.

Comparison of mammography computer aided detection system and MRI software in the evaluation of breast density

Objective To discuss the correlation between the breast density measured by software of the computer aided detection (CAD) system and MRI software. Methods Retrospective analysis of 110 cases of female patients with mammography and MRI was performed, and the time interval of the two examinations was less than 2 months. Images of mammography were fed into CAD system with Quantra software processing, the computer automatically calculated the breast volume, mammary gland volume and the breast density. MRI images imported into PMOD breast volume and mammary gland volume measurement software,breast volume, mammary gland volume, and breast density were generated by the software. The correlation of CAD system Quantra software and MRI PMOD software was made by Pearson mehtodamong the breast volume, mammary gland volume and the breast density. Results Mammography CAD system Quantra software measured breast volume, mammary gland volume and breast density were (535±282) cm3, (106±69) cm3 and (21±9)%, the values measured by MRI PMOD software were (487±260) cm3,(94±64) cm3 and(20±9)%. The values of the two examination have high correlation (r were 0.988, 0.979 and 0.944; P<0.01). Conclusion Measurements of breast volume, mammary gland volume, and breast density obtained using Mammography CAD system and MRI PMOD software appear to have excellent correlation. Key words: Mammography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Breast density

The Adrenal Gland Volume Measurements in Manifestation of the Metabolic Status in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Objectives. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in adrenal gland volume between nondiabetic controls and Type-2 diabetic patients and to examine the influence of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus on adrenal gland volume. Methods. From March 2 to November 25, 2015, 62 consecutive patients with Type-2 DM along with 62 nondiabetics matched by age, gender, and BMI were enrolled in this prospective study. Our diabetes patients were categorized into two groups, well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes groups. Adrenal volumetric measurements were performed by two radiologists, prospectively and independently, with semiautomatic software. Interobserver reliability was studied using the interobserver correlation coefficient (ICC). Results. The total adrenal volume (TAV) was significantly higher in Type-2 diabetic patients when compared with nondiabetic patients (p < 0.05). When we investigated diabetic patients according to glycemic controls, the TAVs in controlled diabetic patients were significantly higher than in those of the poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Nondiabetic control patients have significantly smaller TAVs when compared to controlled and poorly or noncontrolled diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Our study suggests that adrenal gland volume measurement may be used as an indirect marker of glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Value of prostate gland volume measurement by transrectal US in prediction of the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms

The aim of our study was to analyze the value of prostate gland volume measurement by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in prediction of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). One hundred and one patients undergoing TRUS guided core needle prostate biopsy for the investigation of prostate cancer were prospectively evaluated. All patients had filled in the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) scala, tested for PSA and prostate volume measurement was done by TRUS prior to biopsy. According to their biopsy results, patients were divided into two groups: negative and positive for malignancy. There was a significant but low correlation of 0.37 between IPSS and prostate volume measurement by TRUS (p=0.001). Serum free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), total PSA (tPSA), ratio of fPSA to tPSA and PSA density did not show a statistically significant correlation with IPSS (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference in IPSS between the benign and malignant groups (p=0.681) was found. In the benign group, mean IPSS was 14.59 +/- 8.73, range: 0-35 while in the malignant group, mean IPSS was 15.33 +/- 9.22, range: 3-28. Prostate volume measurement by TRUS is a poor predictor for the determination of the severity of LUTS and IPSS should be primarily considered for the determination of the severity of LUTS. On the other hand according to this study conducted with patients who were at their first set of prostate biopsy, IPSS cannot be used as a predictor of malignancy. PSA values are not related to IPSS.

2182 IMPACT OF THULIUM VAPOENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE (THUVEP) ON SEXUAL FUNCTION: A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTER STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Surgical Therapy and New Technology (III)1 Apr 20132182 IMPACT OF THULIUM VAPOENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE (THUVEP) ON SEXUAL FUNCTION: A PROSPECTIVE SINGLE CENTER STUDY Christian Tiburtius, Sophie Knipper, Thorsten Bach, and Christopher Netsch Christian TiburtiusChristian Tiburtius Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author , Sophie KnipperSophie Knipper Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author , Thorsten BachThorsten Bach Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author , and Christopher NetschChristopher Netsch Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.2091AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in sexual function after ThuVEP for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) in men at 12-month follow-up. METHODS A prospective analysis of seventy-two patients who underwent ThuVEP between January and July 2011. Preoperative evaluation included transrectal ultrasound gland volume measurement, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), post-voiding residual urine (PVR), and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Patients were subdivided into two groups: group A: IIEF-5 > 19 and group B: IIEF-5 < 19. Intra-, peri-, and postoperative parameters were evaluated. All patients were reassessed at 12-month follow-up by Qmax, IPSS, QoL, PVR, and IIEF-5. Patient data were expressed as median (interquartile range). RESULTS Median patient age was 70 (65-73) years and the median prostate volume was 52.5 (39.75-72) ml, respectively. At 12-month follow-up, IPSS (20 vs. 4), QoL (4 vs. 1), Qmax (9.7 vs. 22.15 ml/s), and PVR (100 vs. 15 ml) improved significantly in comparison to preoperative assessment (p < 0.001) with no statistical differences between group A and B. A slight but no significant increase in the IIEF-EF domain score was reported at 12-month follow-up (19.5 vs. 20), which could also be shown in group A (25 vs. 26) and group B (6 vs. 8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS ThuVEP is an efficacious procedure for the treatment of BPO. ThuVEP did not impact erectile function in patients with normal preoperative erectile function (IIEF-EF > 19) and those with preoperative existing erectile dysfunction (IIEF-EF < 19). © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 189Issue 4SApril 2013Page: e894-e895 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Christian Tiburtius Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Sophie Knipper Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Thorsten Bach Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Christopher Netsch Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Adrenal gland volume measurement in septic shock and control patients: a pilot study

To compare adrenal gland volume in septic shock patients and control patients by using semi-automated volumetry. Adrenal gland volume and its inter-observer variability were measured with tomodensitometry using semi-automated software in 104 septic shock patients and in 40 control patients. The volumes of control and septic shock patients were compared and the relationship between volume and outcome in intensive care was studied. The mean total volume of both adrenal glands was 7.2 ± 2.0cm(3) in control subjects and 13.3 ± 4.7cm(3) for total adrenal gland volume in septic shock patients (p < 0.0001). Measurement reproducibility was excellent with a concordance correlation coefficient value of 0.87. The increasing adrenal gland volume was associated with a higher rate of survival in intensive care. The present study reports that with semi-automated software, adrenal gland volume can be measured easily and reproducibly. Adrenal gland volume was found to be nearly double in sepsis compared with control patients. The absence of increased volume during sepsis would appear to be associated with a higher rate of mortality and may represent a prognosis factor which may help the clinician to guide their strategy.

Evaluation of the Thyroid in Patients With Hearing Loss and Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts

To evaluate thyroid structure and function in patients with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and sensorineural hearing loss. Prospective cohort survey. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a federal biomedical research facility. The study population comprised 80 individuals, aged 1.5 to 59 years, ascertained on the basis of EVA and sensorineural hearing loss. Associations among the number of mutant alleles of SLC26A4; volume and texture of the thyroid; percentage of iodine 123 ((123)I) discharged at 120 minutes after administration of perchlorate in the perchlorate discharge test; and peripheral venous blood levels of thyrotropin, thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid-binding globulin. Thyroid volume is primarily genotype dependent in pediatric patients but age dependent in older patients. Individuals with 2 mutant SLC26A4 alleles discharged a significantly (P < or = .001) greater percentage of (123)I compared with those with no mutant alleles or 1 mutant allele. Thyroid function, as measured by serologic testing, is not associated with the number of mutant alleles. Ultrasonography with measurement of gland volume is recommended for initial assessment and follow-up surveillance of the thyroid in patients with EVA. Perchlorate discharge testing is recommended for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with EVA along with goiter, nondiagnostic SLC26A4 genotypes (zero or 1 mutant allele), or both.

Fetal Adrenal Gland Volume

To investigate the risk of preterm birth (delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation) by evaluating the fetal adrenal gland volume, hallmark of activation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, measured by 3-dimensional ultrasonography. We performed 3-dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetal adrenal gland volume in 126 singleton fetuses, prospectively comparing those born to mothers with signs or symptoms of preterm labor (n=53) to control subjects (n=73). Multiplanar technique with rotational methods for measurement of fetal adrenal gland volume was performed by using Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis (VOCAL) technology. The fetal adrenal gland volume was successfully examined in 86.5% of the cases. There was a direct relationship between the fetal adrenal gland volume and estimated fetal weight. A corrected adrenal gland volume of greater than 422 mm3/kg was best in predicting preterm birth within 5 days from the time of the measurement. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 92%, 99%, 93.5, and 0.08, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the corrected adrenal gland volume was the only significant independent predictor factor of preterm birth within 5 days of measurement. Corrected adrenal gland volume measurement may identify women at risk for impending preterm birth. This information can be generated noninvasively and in time for clinical decision making. II.

Can Prostate Specific Antigen Derivatives and Pathological Parameters Predict Significant Change in Expectant Management Criteria for Prostate Cancer?

A prior report established that pretreatment criteria based on clinical and biopsy pathology parameters can predict men who harbor small volume prostate cancer who might be followed expectantly. However, some of these men will exhibit disease progression with time and will need definitive therapy. To detect those in whom disease may progress, repeat prostate biopsies are performed at yearly intervals. Therefore, we determined whether biomarkers could be used to determine those in whom disease is likely to progress and thus those who require definitive therapy. Initial and repeat biopsy information along with transrectal ultrasound measurements of gland volume, total prostate specific antigen (PSA), %free PSA (%fPSA) and total PSA velocity were evaluated in 78 men, 45 from the prior study, in whom disease was being managed expectantly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses determined variables that predicted a favorable tumor burden based on biopsy pathology status at each subsequent repeat biopsy. A Cox proportional hazards model was produced using 67 of 78 evaluable cases having adequate temporal data to predict hazard ratios for conversion from favorable to unfavorable tumor burden status. At time zero for 78 patients %fPSA, total PSA, and gland volume univariately and multivariately differentiated unfavorable and favorable tumor burden groups (p <0.05). The receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was 83%. At the first followup biopsy 17 of 67 (25.4%) men converted to unfavorable tumor burden status. The %fPSA, PSA velocity and gland volume univariately distinguished these 2 groups (p <0.05) with 82% ROC-AUC. At second repeat biopsy 6 of 36 (16.7%) men converted to unfavorable tumor burden status and the ROC-AUC was 76%. Of the 14 men who had a third repeat biopsy all demonstrated favorable tumor burden status. A Cox proportional hazards model stratified the 67 of 78 men into high (48) and low risk (19) groups based on %fPSA at a 20% cutoff (p <0.01). Classification and regression tree analysis using logistic regression multivariately selected variables predicted favorable tumor burden status with an accuracy that ranged from 75% to 84% during our study. PSA velocity, %fPSA and gland volume information improves the prediction of men undergoing expectant management who are more likely to have small volume disease based on a 12-core biopsy interpretation within the time of our observations. %fPSA proved to be a valuable marker to stratify the 2 risk groups. Therefore, based on these factors it may be possible to consider deferment of repeat prostate biopsy until adverse results are detected. This rational approach to the management of prostate cancer in older men with small volume cancer seems to be a reasonable strategy.

Three-dimensional sonographic measurement of adrenal gland in the small-for-gestational-age fetus

Objective: Our objectives of this longitudinal study were to assess the growth of the fetal adrenal gland in normal pregnancies and to evaluate the ability of fetal adrenal gland volume measurement for prediction of small-for-gestational-age fetuses.