Gland Extracts Research Articles

Identification of the Trail Pheromone of the Pavement Ant Tetramorium immigrans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Four species of Tetramorium pavement ants are known to guide foraging activities of nestmates via trail pheromones secreted from the poison gland of worker ants, but the trail pheromone of T. immigrans is unknown. Our objectives were to (1) determine whether poison gland extract of T. immigrans workers induces trail-following behavior of nestmates, (2) identify the trail pheromone, and (3) test whether synthetic trail pheromone induces trail-following behavior of workers. In laboratory no-choice bioassays, ants followed poison-gland-extract trails farther than they followed whole-body-extract trails or solvent-control trails. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of poison gland extract revealed a single candidate pheromone component (CPC) that elicited responses from worker ant antennae. The CPC mass spectrum indicated, and an authentic standard confirmed, that the CPC was methyl 2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate (MMMB). In further laboratory no-choice bioassays, ants followed poison-gland-extract trails (tested at 1 ant equivalent) and synthetic MMMB trails (tested at 0.35 ant equivalents) equally far, indicating that MMMB is the single-component trail pheromone of T. immigrans. Moreover, in laboratory two-choice bioassays, ants followed MMMB trails ~ 21-times farther than solvent-control trails. In field settings, when T. immigrans colonies were offered a choice between two paper strips treated with a synthetic MMMB trail or a solvent-control trail, each leading to an apple bait, the MMMB trails efficiently recruited nestmates to baits.

The effect of hormone type and amount of dose on gonadotropin hormones levels in blood plasma of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during artificial spawning processes

The study included the utilization of three types of hormones, i.e. LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20 or 30 μg / kg, a mixture of LHRH-A2 with dosages of 10, 20, and 30 μg / kg with Domperidone (DOM) at 5 mg / kg and carp pituitary gland extract (CPE) at 3 and 4 mg / kg, in order to study the effect of hormone type and used dosage on the level of gonadotropins secreted from the pituitary gland of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. females during the artificial fertilization. Concentrations of GTHs (FSH and LH) were measured using ELISA kit on blood samples collected from fish caudal peduncle after 2, 6 and 12 hours of injection with LHRH-A2 and hormone mixture or 2, 6 and 8 hours for fish treated with CPE .Results showed that GTHs levels were low in fish treated with LHRH-A2 for all the utilized dosages LH (4.66 ± 1.27 mIU / mL) or LHRH-A2+ DOM LH (5.22 ± 0.77 mIU / mL). In contrast, GTHs levels in fish treated with CPE at 3 and 4 mg / kg were higher and levels of FSH and LH were higher with 4 mg / kg LH (34.51 ±12.59 mIU/mL) than it with 3 mg / kg,

In vitro analysis of human immune response (IgG) against salivary gland extract of dengue vector from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) endemic area in Jember, Indonesia

The mosquito species Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictusare two potential vectors of dengue fever. The salivary glands of these species contain substances that play a role in the transmission of pathogens. These include vasodilators and immunomodulatory compounds. Immunomodulatory components can modulate the host immune system by producing specific antibodies (IgG). This study aims to investigate the human immune response (IgG) against the salivary gland extract of Ae. aegyptiand Ae. albopictus. Samples were collected from individuals who were Dengue patients, as well as healthy individuals and neonates from the Jember endemic area. Results show that the levels of IgG response vary across the individual. Generally, Dengue patients and healthy people in the DHF-endemic area had higher levels of IgG. The highest immune response was found in DHF patients, followed by healthy persons, and finally the neonate samples, respectively.

Induced Spawning of Clarias gapienus using Different Pituitary Gland Extract (PGE)

Induced Spawning of Clarias gapienus using Different Pituitary Gland Extract (PGE)

Salivary gland extract from the deer tick, Ixodes scapularis, facilitates neuroinvasion by Powassan virus in BALB/c mice

Powassan virus (POWV) is a neuroinvasive flavivirus transmitted to mammals by the bite of ixodid ticks. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of tick salivary gland extract (SGE) on POWV neuroinvasion. BALB/c mice were footpad inoculated with either a high dose or a low dose of POWV, with and without Ixodes scapularis salivary gland extract. Brain and spinal cord were extracted daily, and immunohistochemical techniques were used for temporal tracking of POWV antigen. The temporal pattern of POWV staining showed a caudal to rostral spread of POWV in the brains of mice from both high dose infection groups. For the high dose infection groups, the presence of tick SGE did not influence the spread of POWV in the brain. Mice infected with the low dose of virus alone did not present POWV staining in the brain; however, in the presence of SGE, low dose infected mice presented scattered foci of POWV-infected cells throughout the brain. This study shows that tick SGE facilitates POWV neuroinvasion when mice are infected with the lower dose of POWV. We also found two patterns of central nervous system invasion that were directly influenced by the dose of POWV administered.

Revisiting the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new invasive pest in South China.

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a worldwide serious agricultural pest, and recently invaded South China. Sex pheromone can be employed to monitor its population dynamics accurately in the field. However, the pheromone components previously reported by testing different geographic populations and strains are not consistent. On the basis of confirming that the S. frugiperda population from Yunnan Province belonged to the corn strain, we analyzed the potential sex pheromone components in the pheromone gland extracts of females using gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG). The results show that (Z)-9-tetradecenal acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac) or (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate (E7-12:Ac) with a ratio of 100 : 15.8 : 3.9 induced EAD responses to varying degrees: Z9-14:Ac elicited a strong EAD response, Z7-12:Ac or E7-12:Ac elicited a small but clear EAD response, while Z11-16:Ac elicited a weak EAD response. Further single sensillum recording (SSR) showed that Z9-14:Ac and Z7-12:Ac induced dose-dependent activities in two types (A and B) of sensilla in male antennae, respectively, while the sensilla in response to E7-12:Ac and Z11-16:Ac was not recorded. Finally, wind tunnel tests reveal that Z9-14:Ac and Z7-12:Ac are two principal sex pheromone components of the tested population.

The impact of mating and sugar feeding on blood-feeding physiology and behavior in the arbovirus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are globally distributed vectors of viruses that impact the health of hundreds of millions of people annually. Mating and blood feeding represent fundamental aspects of mosquito life history that carry important implications for vectorial capacity and for control strategies. Females transmit pathogens to vertebrate hosts and obtain essential nutrients for eggs during blood feeding. Further, because host-seeking Ae. aegypti females mate with males swarming near hosts, biological crosstalk between these behaviors could be important. Although mating influences nutritional intake in other insects, prior studies examining mating effects on mosquito blood feeding have yielded conflicting results. To resolve these discrepancies, we examined blood-feeding physiology and behavior in virgin and mated females and in virgins injected with male accessory gland extracts (MAG), which induce post-mating changes in female behavior. We controlled adult nutritional status prior to blood feeding by using water- and sugar-fed controls. Our data show that neither mating nor injection with MAG affect Ae. aegypti blood intake, digestion, or feeding avidity for an initial blood meal. However, sugar feeding, a common supplement in laboratory settings but relatively rare in nature, significantly affected all aspects of feeding and may have contributed to conflicting results among previous studies. Further, mating, MAG injection, and sugar intake induced declines in subsequent feedings after an initial blood meal, correlating with egg production and laying. Taking our evaluation to the field, virgin and mated mosquitoes collected in Colombia were equally likely to contain blood at the time of collection. Mating, MAG, and sugar feeding impact a mosquito's estimated ability to transmit pathogens through both direct and indirect effects on multiple aspects of mosquito biology. Our results highlight the need to consider natural mosquito ecology, including diet, when assessing their physiology and behavior in the laboratory.

Adaptations to haematophagy: Investigations on how male and female Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) deal with human complement activation after a blood meal

Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species with an anthropophilic habit, often associated with areas with poor sanitation in tropical and urban regions. Adult males and females feed on sugars but only females feed on blood in natural conditions for egg maturation. During haematophagy, female C. quinquefasciatus transmit pathogens such as the West Nile virus, Oropouche virus, various encephalitis viruses, and Wuchereria bancrofti to human hosts. It has been observed in laboratory conditions that male C. quinquefasciatus may feed on blood during an artificial feed. Experiments were carried out to understand how males and females of this species deal with human complement activation. Our results showed that female C. quinquefasciatus, but not males, withstand the stress caused by the ingestion of normal human serum. It was observed that the salivary gland extracts from female mosquitoes were able to inhibit the classical and lectin pathways, whereas male salivary gland extracts only inhibited the lectin pathway. The male and female intestinal contents inhibited the classical and lectin pathways. Neither the salivary glands nor the intestinal contents from males and females showed inhibitory activity towards the alternative pathway. However, the guts of male and female C. quinquefasciatus captured factor H from the human serum, permitting C3b inactivation to its inactive form iC3b, and preventing the formation of the C3 convertase. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase is similar in C. quinquefasciatus females and males. This article shows for the first time that males from a haematophagous arthropod species present human anti-complement activity in their salivary gland extracts and gut contents. The finding of an activity that helps to protect the damage caused by blood ingestion in sugar-feeding male mosquitoes suggests that this may be a pre-adaptation to blood-feeding.

Mosquito Saliva Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Domestic Pigs

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is the leading cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in Asia. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted byCulexspecies mosquitoes that also vector several zoonotic flaviviruses. Despite the knowledge that mosquito saliva contains molecules that may alter flavivirus pathogenesis, whether or not the deposition of viruses by infected mosquitoes has an impact on the kinetics and severity of JEV infection has not been thoroughly examined, especially in mammalian species involved in the enzootic transmission. Most JEV pathogenesis models were established using needle inoculation. Mouse models for West Nile (WNV) and dengue (DENV) viruses have shown that mosquito saliva can potentiate flavivirus infections and exacerbate disease symptoms. In this study, we determined the impact of mosquito salivary components on the pathogenesis of JEV in pigs, a species directly involved in its transmission cycle as an amplifying host. Interestingly, co-injection of JEV and salivary gland extract (SGE) collected fromCulex quinquefasciatusproduced milder febrile illness and shortened duration of nasal shedding but had no demonstrable impact on viremia and neuroinvasion. Our findings highlight that mosquito salivary components can differentially modulate the outcomes of flavivirus infections in amplifying hosts and in mouse models.

Standardization of Critical Quality Indicators of Liposomes of Siberian Musk Deer Prepucial Gland Extract

The liposomal form of a new original remedy based on the preputial gland of Siberian musk has been standardized and characterized. For the preparative isolation of musk musk liposomes, an effective and scalable method of high-pressure homogenization was used. The resulting liposomal product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, preparative and analytical chromatography, and chromatography-mass spectrometry. A specification for the liposomal form of the extract of the prepucial gland of Siberian musk deer, including all critical indicators of the product quality, has been developed. Homogeneous dispersions of musk musk liposomes with uniform size distribution — with distribution maxima at 50 and 240 nm — were obtained. The high physical and chemical stability of the liposomal dispersion was established: the zeta potential of the obtained nanoparticles was -5...-35 mV. The degree of inclusion in the liposomes of the target components of musk musk according to gel-size chromatography and mass spectrometry for musk liposomes for steroid components and total protein was 58–75%. The developed quality indicators of the liposomal product allow for serial standardization of the manufacturing quality control and form the prerequisites for guaranteed high efficiency of the product based on the liposomal form of musk musk extract as an adaptogen of natural origin with an enhanced and pronounced effect.

Infecting mosquitoes alters DENV-2 characteristics and enhances hemorrhage-induction potential in Stat1-/- mice.

Dengue is one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases in humans. There is still no effective vaccine or treatment to date. Previous studies showed that mosquito-derived factors present in saliva or salivary gland extract (SGE) contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interplay between mosquito vector and DENV and to address the question of whether the mosquito vector alters the virus that leads to consequential disease manifestations in the mammalian host. DENV2 cultured in C6/36 cell line (culture-DENV2) was injected to Aedes aegypti intrathoracically. Saliva was collected from infected mosquitoes 7 days later. Exploiting the sensitivity of Stat1-/- mice to low dose of DENV2 delivered intradermally, we showed that DENV2 collected in infected mosquito saliva (msq-DENV2) induced more severe hemorrhage in mice than their culture counterpart. Msq-DENV2 was characterized by smaller particle size, larger plaque size and more rapid growth in mosquito as well as mammalian cell lines compared to culture-DENV2. In addition, msq-DENV2 was more efficient than culture-DENV2 in inducing Tnf mRNA production by mouse macrophage. Together, our results point to the possibility that the mosquito vector provides an environment that alters DENV2 by changing its growth characteristics as well as its potential to cause disease.

Arboviruses: How Saliva Impacts the Journey from Vector to Host.

Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are predominately transmitted to humans through blood-feeding behavior of three main groups of biting arthropods: ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies. The pathogens harbored by these blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) are transferred to animal hosts through deposition of virus-rich saliva into the skin. Sometimes these infections become systemic and can lead to neuro-invasion and life-threatening viral encephalitis. Factors intrinsic to the arboviral vectors can greatly influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infections, with mounting evidence that BFA saliva and salivary proteins can shift the trajectory of viral infection in the host. This review provides an overview of arbovirus infection and ways in which vectors influence viral pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on how saliva and salivary gland extracts from the three dominant arbovirus vectors impact the trajectory of the cellular immune response to arbovirus infection in the skin.

The Sex Pheromone of the Pine Brown-Tail Moth, Euproctis terminalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

The pine brown tail moth, Euproctis terminalis (Walker 1855), is a periodic pest in pine plantations in South Africa. The larvae feed on pine needles and can cause severe defoliation when population densities are high. Population densities fluctuate temporally and spatially, complicating the prediction of potential growth loss and tree mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the sex pheromone of the pine brown tail moth to provide stakeholders with a tool for monitoring it. Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of female pheromone gland extracts identified the major component as (Z,Z,Z,Z)-7,13,16,19-docosatetraen-1-ol isobutyrate. Traps baited with (Z,Z,Z,Z)-7,13,16,19-docosatetraen-1-ol isobutyrate caught more males than unbaited traps. A delta trap was shown to be a superior design compared to a bucket funnel trap. This pheromone can now be used for monitoring E. terminalis in pine plantations.

Males perceive honest information from female released sex pheromone in a moth

AbstractThere is accumulating evidence that male insects advertise their quality to conspecific females through pheromones. However, most studies of female released sex pheromone assume information transfer regarding merely the species of the female and her mating status. We show that more information is conveyed through the female sex pheromone, positioning it as an honest sexual trait. We demonstrate that females in bad physical conditions (small, starved, or old) lay significantly fewer eggs than females in good conditions (large, fed, or young). The ratio of components in the sex pheromone blend in gland extracts of the female pink bollworm moths provided honest information on most of the phenotypic conditions tested, whereas the pheromone amount in the glands provided an honest signal of quality for extreme phenotypes only. Moreover, males used the information conveyed by the female pheromone to choose their mates, approaching females that signaled higher reproductive potential. In addition, when simulating the female effect, using the synthetic pheromone blend that represents higher quality females (0.6:0.4 ZZ:ZE), more males were attracted to this blend than to the blend representing the population mean (0.5:0.5 ZZ:ZE). Both, female advertisement for males and the male choosiness, suggest that pheromones have evolved as sexual traits under directional, sexual selection. We suggest that the pheromone blend may serve as a multicomponent signal whereby each component adds information concerning the current condition of the female, and all are necessary to elicit a mate searching response.

A transwell assay method to evaluate Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto migratory chemoattraction toward tick saliva proteins

We developed a transwell assay to quantify migration of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), toward Ixodes scapularis salivary gland proteins. The assay was designed to assess B. burgdorferi s.s. migration upward against gravity through a transwell polycarbonate membrane overlaid with 6% gelatin. Borreliae that channeled into the upper transwell chamber in response to test proteins were enumerated by flow cytometry. The transwell assay measured chemoattractant activity for B. burgdorferi s.s. from salivary gland extract (SGE) harvested from nymphal ticks during bloodmeal engorgement on mice 42 h post-attachment and saliva collected from adult ticks. Additionally, SGE protein fractions separated by size exclusion chromatography demonstrated various levels of chemoattractant activity in the transwell assay. Sialostatin L, and Salp-like proteins 9 and 11 were identified by mass spectrometry in SGE fractions that exhibited elevated activity. Recombinant forms of these proteins were tested in the transwell assay and showed positive chemoattractant properties compared to controls and another tick protein, S15A. These results were reproducible providing evidence that the transwell assay is a useful method for continuing investigations to find tick saliva components instrumental in driving B. burgdorferi s.s. chemotaxis.

Tick salivary gland extract induces alpha-gal syndrome in alpha-gal deficient mice.

IntroductionAlpha‐gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by delayed hypersensitivity to non‐primate mammalian meat in people having specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to the oligosaccharide galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose. AGS has been linked to tick bites from Amblyomma americanum (Aa) in the U.S. A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha‐gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS.MethodsEight‐ to ten‐weeks old mice with a targeted inactivation of alpha‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase (AGKO) were injected intradermally with 50 μg of Aa tick salivary gland extract (TSGE) on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 42, and 49. Total IgE and alpha‐gal sIgE were quantitated on Day 56 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were challenged orally with 400 mg of cooked pork kidney homogenate or pork fat. Reaction severity was assessed by measuring a drop in core body temperature and scoring allergic signs.ResultsCompared to control animals, mice treated with TSGE had 190‐fold higher total IgE on Day 56 (0.60 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs. 113.2 ± 24.77 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Alpha‐gal sIgE was also produced in AGKO mice following TSGE sensitization (undetected vs. 158.4 ± 72.43 pg/ml). Further, sensitized mice displayed moderate clinical allergic signs along with a drop in core body temperature of ≥2°C as an objective measure of a systemic allergic reaction. Interestingly, female mice had higher total IgE responses to TSGE treatment but male mice had larger declines in mean body temperature.ConclusionTSGE‐sensitized AGKO mice generate sIgE to alpha‐gal and demonstrate characteristic allergic responses to pork fat and pork kidney. In keeping with the AGS responses documented in humans, mice reacted more rapidly to organ meat than to high fat pork challenge. This mouse model establishes the central role of tick bites in the development of AGS and provides a small animal model to mechanistically study mammalian meat allergy.

Identification and behavioral assays of sex pheromone components in Smerinthus tokyonis (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Hawk moths are classified into the subfamilies Sphinginae, Macroglossinae and Smerinthinae. The sex pheromones of hawk moths have been intensively investigated recently. However, these reports were mainly on Sphinginae and Macroglossinae and there are only a few reports on Smerinthinae. Here, we identified sex pheromone components from the Smerinthinae, Smerinthus tokyonis Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Observation of female calling behavior showed that the behavior started immediately after the photo-phase started. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electroantennography detection analysis indicated that male antenna responded to three components in the pheromone gland extract. GC–MS and GC analyses demonstrated that the three components were (10Z,12E)–, (10E,12Z)–, and (10Z,12Z)–hexadecadienyl acetates in a 6:7:87 ratio. We subsequently performed behavioral assays in cages. We observed the orientation and contact behavior of males in response to different odor sources, including a solvent control, calling female, pheromone gland extract, and synthetic blend. Males did not respond to the solvent control, but did respond to the other sources. Since males responded more to the calling female than to the synthetic blend, additional cues seem to be required for complete mating behavior. Nevertheless, the pheromone components determined in this first study of a Smerinthinae species are important chemicals in mating communication.

Biogenic reduction of gold salt, graphene oxide using Americana periplaneta salivary exudates and their anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity

In this study, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the salivary gland (SG) of dead Americana periplaneta (Cockroach) was carried out by four different conventional methods. The optimization of formation was studied under microwave conditions. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nanocomposite were also prepared using the magnetic stirring method. The reduction of nanoparticles was monitored by UV–Visible spectrometer. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) region obtained between 500–600 nm and 260–280 nm confirms the reduction of gold ions and graphene oxide (GO) respectively. The results of FTIR revealed the presence of a reducing agent in the gland to serve as capping agents in the reduction of gold and graphene oxide. XRD results revealed the existence of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 32.9 nm. FESEM analysis revealed spherical shape gold nanoparticles < 25 nm. Elemental mapping portrays the uniform spread of nanogold embedded in gland extract. The prepared nanoparticles were found to significantly inhibit S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. paratyphi and E. coli. The anti-cancer potential of prepared nanoparticles against skin cancer cell lines (A431) has been revealed through MTT assay and morphometric analysis. The results of this study suggesting the synthesized nanoparticles have the potential in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities.

Development of Induced Breeding Technique for Freshwater Fish Gobi, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) Using Pituitary Gland (PG) Extract

This study aimed to establish induced breeding technique of freshwater fish gobi (Glossogobius giuris), using the pituitary gland (PG) extract. Six experiments were conducted at the Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. First breeding trial was conducted in June using 40, 45, and 50 mg PG kg-1 body weight of the female fish. None of the fish was ovulated in the 1st trial. Two more breeding trials were conducted in July and August, using 6 mg (T1), 8 mg (T2) and 10 mg (T3) PG kg-1 body weight of female, and 3 mg (T4), 4 mg (T5) and 5 mg (T6) PG kg-1 body weight of male fish. After treatment, the ovulation rates were recorded as 56.33±1.53, 82.67±2.52 and 75.33±1.53% in July and 58.00±2.65, 94.67±1.53 and 78.33±1.53% in August under the treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Hatching rates of eggs were observed as 52.00±4.36, 81.67±3.21 and 72.33±6.03% in July, and 54.67±3.23, 91.67±3.06 and 73.67±5.13% in August under the T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Hatching time was ranged from 35 to 48 h and after the absorption of yolk sac (60-72 h), they were survived well when fed with tubificid worms and mixed zooplankton. The female treated with the dose of 8 mg PG kg-1 body weight in August showed the best performance so far as the ovulation, fertilization and hatching rates were concerned, while the single dose of 4 mg kg-1 body weight of PG was found to be effective for male fish in both months. The findings obtained from the present study reveals that induced breeding of G. giuris, using PG extract is successful for large scale production of quality seed in captive condition, which would further facilitate towards the aquaculture production and biodiversity conservation of this important fish species to a greater extent.

Identification and characterisation of female released sex pheromone components of jute semilooper, Anomis sabulifera Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Aim: Identification and characterization of female released sex pheromone components of jute semilooper, Anomis sabulifera Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from female pheromone gland extracts. Methodology: Electroantennogram (EAG) was carried for studying the antennal response; Gas Chromatography coupled with Electro antenna Detector (GC-EAD) was conducted for studying the antennal response of eluted compounds from female pheromone gland extract; Gas Chromatography and Mas Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was conducted for characterization or getting complete profile of compounds present in the female pheromone gland extract based on retention times. Wind tunnel assay was conducted for studying the behavioural responses of eluted compounds from the female pheromone gland extract. Results: GC-MS profile of female pheromone gland extract revealed that the GC-EAD active region constituted (6Z,9Z)-heneicosadiene, (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heneicosatriene as active compounds. Preliminary wind tunnel studies for olfactory and behavioural responses showed blend of (6Z,9Z)-heneicosadiene (3 parts) + (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heneicosatriene (1 part) enticed 60% male adults. Interpretation: (6Z,9Z)-heneicosadiene and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heneicosatriene are likely to be active pheromone components present in female sex pheromone glands. Blending of these two compounds in precise ratio can enhance the effectiveness of pheromone and can be used as effective strategy in jute IPM. Key words: Anomis sabulifera, Jute semilooper, Noctuidae, Sex pheromone, (6Z,9Z)-heneicosadiene, (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heneicosatriene