Glacial Lobes Research Articles

Explanation of the abandoned beaches about the south end of Lake Michigan

Description of the Beaches Three abandoned postglacial beaches at the south end of Lake Michigan have been known for many years. In 1870 Dr. Edmund Andrews described them in a very elaborate paper published by the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Later, Mr. Leverett, in his monograph, “Illinois glacial lobe,” and Mr. William C. Alden, in his Chicago Folio of the U. S. Geological Survey, have collected the facts in very full measure. From these and other published observations it appears that, surrounding the south end of Lake Michigan from about the vicinity of Waukegan, on the west side, and extending indefinitely northward on the east side, there is an abandoned beach approximately 60 feet above the level of the lake. This is called the Glenwood beach. Twenty feet lower, or about 40 feet above the present level of the lake, occurs what is called the Calumet beach. Twenty feet lower still, or approximately 20 . . .

Glacial Drift under the Saint Louis Loess

Glacial drift in the vicinity of St. Louis seems to have been described first by Professor A. H. Worthen, in 1866.' In 189o, Professor G. Frederick Wright2 reported glacial drift in the following localities within the city limits: (i) Near Forest Park, on the road to Ferguson, beneath 20 feet of loess was bed of gravel 2 or 3 feet thick, which contained granite and other pebbles two to three inches in diameter, some finely striated; (2) at Hyde Park similar section was seen; (3) in the vicinity of Shaw's Garden. Loess had been removed for brick making, uncovering extensively gravelly stratum which contained many granite pebbles. Striae were found on angular limestone fragments. The elevation was 150 feet above the Mississippi River. H. A. Wheeler, in paper On Glacial Drift in St. Louis, in 1895,3 reported blue glacial clay or till 12 feet thick, at West Pine Boulevard and Taylor Avenue, extending westward to Euclid, underneath io to 15 feet of loess. The diameter of the bowlders is said not to exceed one foot. Among the erratics reported were red and gray granite, diorite, dolerite, and quartz-porphyry. In 1896 James E. Todd4 described bowlder clay in St. Louis. His section may still be seen on Laclede Ave. near Sarah St. The till is 8 feet thick, a reddish brown or waxy red clay, containing granite and other foreign pebbles. The overlying loess is 16 feet thick. Frank Leverett, in his monograph on the Illinois Glacial Lobe,5 reported deposits of glacial derivation underlying the loess for few

The Weathered Zone (Sangamon) between the Iowan Loess and Illinoian till Sheet

Previous articleNext article FreeThe Weathered Zone (Sangamon) between the Iowan Loess and Illinoian till SheetFrank LeverettFrank Leverett Search for more articles by this author PDF Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 6, Number 2Feb. - Mar., 1898 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/608036 Views: 51 Citations: 32Citations are reported from Crossref Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:J.A. Mason, P.M. Jacobs Soils and Palaeosols in Glacial Environments, (Jan 2018): 587–605.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00018-XErvin G. Otvos The Last Interglacial Stage: Definitions and marine highstand, North America and Eurasia, Quaternary International 383 (Oct 2015): 158–173.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.010A.R. Orme 1.15 Geomorphology and Late Cenozoic Climate Change, (Jan 2013): 271–306.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00015-4J.A. Mason, P.M. Jacobs PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS | Nature of Paleosols, (Jan 2013): 367–374.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53643-3.00147-3Tom D. Dillehay, Duccio Bonavia, Steve L. Goodbred, Mario Pino, Victor Vásquez, Teresa Rosales Tham A late pleistocene human presence at Huaca Prieta, Peru, and early Pacific Coastal adaptations, Quaternary Research 77, no.33 (Jan 2017): 418–423.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.02.003H. W. Markewich, D. A. Wysocki, M. J. Pavich, E. M. Rutledge Age, genesis, and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sangamon/Loveland complex in the Lower Mississippi Valley, U.S.A., Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, no.1-21-2 (Oct 2010): 21–39.https://doi.org/10.1130/B30208.1Peter M. Jacobs, Michael E. Konen, B. Brandon Curry Pedogenesis of a catena of the Farmdale–Sangamon Geosol complex in the north central United States, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 282, no.1-41-4 (Nov 2009): 119–132.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.017E.T. Karlstrom, C.G. Oviatt, M.D. Ransom Paleoenvironmental interpretation of multiple soil–loess sequence at Milford Reservoir, northeastern Kansas, CATENA 72, no.11 (Jan 2008): 113–128.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2007.04.009J.A. Mason, P.M. Jacobs PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS | Nature of Paleosols, (Jan 2007): 2086–2095.https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00151-4George Kukla Saalian supercycle, Mindel/Riss interglacial and Milankovitch's dating, Quaternary Science Reviews 24, no.14-1514-15 (Aug 2005): 1573–1583.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.023Barbara J. Stiff, Ardith K. Hansel Quaternary Glaciations in Illinois, (Jan 2004): 71–82.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80188-XH.W. Markewich, D.A. Wysocki, M.J. Pavich, E.M. Rutledge, H.T. Millard, F.J. Rich, P.B. Maat, Meyer Rubin, J.P. McGeehin Paleopedology plus TL, 10Be, and 14C dating as tools in stratigraphic and paleoclimatic investigations, Mississippi River Valley, U.S.A., Quaternary International 51-52 (Jan 1998): 143–167.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00041-4R.B. Morrison How can the treatment of pedostratigraphic units in the North American stratigraphic code be improved?, Quaternary International 51-52 (Jan 1998): 30–33.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90197-5David S. Fullerton Sangamon and Sangamonian Time Divisions, Chronostratigraphic Unit, and Geosol—Clarification of Terminology, Quaternary Research 48, no.22 (Jan 2017): 247–248.https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1915W. Hilton Johnson, Ardith K. Hansel, E. Arthur Bettis, Paul F. Karrow, Grahame J. Larson, Thomas V. Lowell, Allan F. Schneider Late Quaternary Temporal and Event Classifications, Great Lakes Region, North America, Quaternary Research 47, no.11 (Jan 2017): 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1870N. R. Winspear, K. Pye Textural, geochemical and mineralogical evidence for the origin of peoria loess in Central and Southern Nebraska, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 20, no.88 (Dec 1995): 735–745.https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290200805K. Pye, N.R. Winspear, L.P. Zhou Thermoluminescence ages of loess and associated sediments in central Nebraska, USA, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 118, no.1-21-2 (Oct 1995): 73–87.https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)00134-TP.U. Clark, J.J. Clague, B.B. Curry, A. Dreimanis, S.R. Hicock, G.H. Miller, G.W. Berger, N. Eyles, M. Lamothe, B.B. Miller, R.J. Mott, R.N. Oldale, R.R. Stea, J.P. Szabo, L.H. Thorleifson, J.-S. Vincent Initiation and development of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets following the last interglaciation, Quaternary Science Reviews 12, no.22 (Jan 1993): 79–114.https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(93)90011-ADenis A. St-Onge The Sangamonian Stage and the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, no.22 (Jan 2008): 189–198.https://doi.org/10.7202/032678arJ. Rose Quaternary research, Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 10, no.22 (Aug 2016): 275–289.https://doi.org/10.1177/030913338601000210James E. King, Jeffrey J. Saunders Geochelone in Illinois and the Illinoian-Sangamonian Vegetation of the Type Region, Quaternary Research 25, no.11 (Jan 2017): 89–99.https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90046-3Charles W. Finkl Chronology of weathered materials and soil age determination in pedostratigraphic sequences, Chemical Geology 44, no.1-31-3 (May 1984): 311–335.https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(84)90079-2Charles W. Finkl Evaluation of Relative Pedostratigraphic Dating Methods, with Special Reference to Quaternary Successions Overlying Weathered Platform Materials, (Jan 1984): 323–353.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5446(08)70080-3MARGARET GUCCIONE Quaternary sediments and their weathering history in northcentral Missouri, Boreas 12, no.33 (Jan 2008): 217–226.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1983.tb00314.xCharles W. Finkl Stratigraphic principles and practices as related to soil mantles, CATENA 7, no.2-32-3 (Jul 1980): 169–194.https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(80)90006-5Charles W. Finkl Stratigraphic principles and practices as related to soil mantles, CATENA 7, no.11 (Jan 1980): 169–194.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(80)80012-9 Guest Editorial: The End of the Present Interglacial, Quaternary Research 2, no.33 (Jan 2017): 261–269.https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(72)90046-4Stanley M. Totten, George W. White Glacial geology and the North American craton, (): 125–141.https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-CENT-v1.125 Morris M. Leighton The Iowan Glacial Drift Sheets of Iowa and Illinois, The Journal of Geology 76, no.33 (Sep 2015): 259–279.https://doi.org/10.1086/627328 John C. Frye , and A. Byron Leonard Stratigraphy of the Late Pleistocene Loesses of Kansas, The Journal of Geology 59, no.44 (Sep 2015): 287–305.https://doi.org/10.1086/625869 A. Byron Leonard Stratigraphic Zonation of the Peoria Loess in Kansas, The Journal of Geology 59, no.44 (Sep 2015): 323–332.https://doi.org/10.1086/625871JAMES THORP, W. M. JOHNSON, E. C. REED SOME POST-PLIOCENE BURIED SOILS OF CENTRAL UNITED STATES, Journal of Soil Science 2, no.11 (Jul 2006): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1951.tb00586.x