GIS Applications Research Articles

Building a Proposed Educational Program Based on GIS Applications and Measuring its Effectiveness in Developing Modern Demographic Concepts and Reading Population Indicators for Female Students of the Humanities Track at the Secondary Stage in the City of Jeddah

This study aims to build a proposed educational program based on the applications of geographic information systems and to measure its effectiveness in developing modern demographic concepts, and reading. To achieve this; a random sample of (37) female students. The study followed the semi-experimental curriculum of the same group design, The study data were collected by using two tools: the cognitive achievement test for modern demographic concepts, and the class observation card for reading population indicators. The study findings revealed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (≤0.01) between the average scores of the study group in the pre and post applications for the variables adopted in the observation card in the cognitive achievement test of modern demographic concepts, and in the class observation card for reading population indicators in favor of the post application. The findings also revealed a significant (high) impact of the proposed educational program among the sample, since the impact factor for the two dependent variables (4.30, 5.16), respectively. The findings also showed a positive strong correlation between the two approved variables. In addition to that, the findings also showed a linear predictive dependence relationship for beta between the two dependent variables in raising the first of them to the other. Keywords: educational program, applications of geographic information systems, demographic concepts, reading population indicators, high school.

Crime Mapping and Forecasting Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case of Ajmer

Abstract: Advances in computer technology, the development of GIS application software, and the ability to access various geographic data through open-source data sources have allowed police and law enforcement agencies to use it effectively. Crime mapping and spatial analysis using GIS tools such as hotspot generation, zoning, crime navigation and profiling, mobile location recognition, and various web applications are clearly recognized and can be scientifically applied to improve citizenship while being effectively used to predict and control crime. The present study analyzed the trends and patterns of crime data (murder, rape, robbery, theft, kidnapping, engraving, and gambling) in Ajmer Zone from 2015–2022 (till October) to understand the trends of crime data (IPC crime registered). I also used the demographic data of Ajmer to understand crime trends towards various crime types The study focused on the most common crimes reported, which were theft and gambling, as opposed to murder, rape, kidnapping, and robbery. All crimes were reported in 1,009 incidents in 2015. In 2016, 1,064 cases were recorded. In 2017, 1081 cases were reported. In 2018, 1034 cases were reported. In 2019, 1415 cases were reported. In 2020, 829 cases were reported. In 2011, 1120 cases were reported. In 2022, 1268 cases were reported. The highest number of cases occurred in 2017, 2019, and 2022, and the lowest number of cases occurred in 2015 and 2016. According to the crime study for 2015–2022 (till October), I found that many areas where crime is increasing or that are crime hotspots are found every year.

Analysis of Malaria Transmission Dynamics at Borobudur Health Center, Magelang Regency (Case Study 2021-2022)

Introduction: Magelang District received a malaria elimination certificate in 2014. No cases found at Borobudur Health Center since 2009 but in October 2021, there was a spike in the number of patients, with 38 instances spread across Giripurno Village, Giritengah Village, and Majaksingi Village. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics of malaria transmission so that the methods of malaria transmission are known to prevent extraordinary malaria cases. Methods: This is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in 2023 by reviewing cases from 2021–2022. The respondents in this study included 38 people with malaria. This research uses descriptive analysis assisted by GIS applications to determine the distribution of malaria cases. Results and Discussion: Data processing results for 38 respondents in three villages revealed 23 index cases. Of the 23 cases, nine were within a radius of no more than 400 m and occurred within three days, thus including cluster classification. Theoretically, the same vector transmits it and has a high vectorial capacity. The other 15 patients were suspected to have secondary cases, with two transferred from the first case. The results of the breeding place survey or the potential breeding place after rearing revealed the species Anopheles balabacensis. Other predictors of malaria transmission are optimal temperature and humidity, environment, livestock places to rest mosquitoes, and patient behavior that causes a high frequency of mosquitoes biting humans. Conclusion: In this case, the transmission model was a cluster, and 100% of the cases were indigenous.

Impact assessment of river bank erosion in the lower part of Mahanadi River using geospatial sciences

The river bank erosion is gradually changing landscape in river and riverine areas. Therefore, assessment of the exact uncovering and altering of the various river features aspects is more essential. The current analysis is dedicated to river bank erosion (RBE) on lower part of the Mahanadi River (Odisha) using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS applications. The Mahanadi River basin is more dynamic and affects the neighborhood landscape. The difficulties of river bank areas are indirectly or directly associated with bank erosion, this usually produces lots of challenges like landslides, flood hazards, flood inundation, and land alteration. Landsat imageries are applied to extract erosional locations and land alteration by applying satellite datasets and geospatial software like ArcGIS software v10.8 and ERDAS Imagine v2014. Erosion rate variations were measured through the Erase tool by applying GIS methods. The lower part of Mahanadi River has changed all selected parts like 1091 ha (A), 1245 ha (B), and 646 ha (C), while the accretion areas are like 865 ha (A), 1204 ha (B), and 812 ha (C) correspondingly. The vegetation gradually decreased (3241 ha) while the cropland increased (1541 ha), while the river sand is observed at 1374 ha (1991) and 1727 ha (221) in the investigated area. The most affected villages are Patugadadharpur, Dankarisahi, Rasanga, Karabar, Badabanpur, Gopa, Gopinathpur, and Samapurdal. Therefore, the erosion or accretion activities are triggering landscape change over the examining location. These outcomes help to prepare for future disaster management, building awareness, novel adaptation strategies, and planning purposes.

Elimination Noise from Image Using Machine Learning Techniques

The Image Processing system is mostly used because of their easy accessibility of powerful personal computers, bulk memory machines with graphics software and others visual application. Of “Image Processing” is applied in a number of applications. These include in area of Remote Sensing in GIS application, Medical Imaging Processing for patient care application, Forensic Studies, Textiles engineering and design, Material science, Military Research, Film industry application, and Document processing, Graphic arts. An image is defined as an array, or a matrix, square pixel arranged in rows and columns. Many image-processing procedures involve making the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal processing techniques to it. Image processing can be defined by means of a ‘digital image processing’’. The pitch of ‘digital image processing’ states to ‘processing digital’ images through channels of a computer. In this paper Image de-noising through K-SVD algorithm is presented by taking the RGB color with 256*256 sizes 24 bit standardize image.

Beyond mapping: extend the role of cartographers to user interface designers in the Metaverse using virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality

ABSTRACT Dr. Buttenfield led the user evaluation and user interface design/improvement tasks in the Alexandra Digital Library (ADL) Project from 1994 to 1998 funded by the National Science Foundation in the U.S. Her research efforts in the ADL extended the role of cartographers from traditional map designers to web-based user interface and user experiences (UI/UX) designers. This paper will highlight key concepts and design principles (including user center design (UCD), usability testing, and user interface evaluation) in the ADL project and re-investigate these pioneering research topics in cartography with recent development of the Metaverse and human-computer interaction (HCI) using Extended Reality (XR), including Virtual Reality, (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). The new role of cartographers today includes user interface designers and usability evaluators using XR-enabled mapping tools and technologies. This paper will discuss cartographic research challenges and opportunities in the era of the Metaverse and highlight some software issues for cartographers to develop 3D or 4D web GIS applications.

Elderly residents’ uses of fragmented outdoor spaces in public housing estates in Hong Kong——Decoding causality and heat-risk exposure

Well-designed open/semi-open spaces in public housing estates (PHEs) are important urban living rooms for urban residents to enhance well-beings, relieve from cramped homes, and cope with hotter climate. In order to understand the elderly residents' space use in light of space/neighbourhood attributes and microclimates, mobile field tests including physical measurement, passive observation, and questionnaire survey were carried out in 33 fragmented outdoor spaces (FOSs) in Choi Hung Estate (CHE) and Upper Ngau Tou Kok Estate (UNTKE) in Hong Kong from June to early October 2022. GIS application was adopted to map the vitality in association with microclimates. The ordered probit model and multilevel regression model were employed to explore the contributions of factors to the elderly's FOSs use. It is shown that the time of the day, microclimate (mPET—modified PET for hot-humid regions & wind speed), FOSs attributes (SVF, nature view, functionality, size), and neighbourhood attributes (accessibility & building density) significantly influence elderly attendance in FOSs. One degree increase in mPET is associated with around 4.7% decrease in the elderly's FOSs use. The elderly is likely exposed to unconscious heat risks under the compensatory effects of space and neighbourhood building attributes on the thermal environment of a FOS, and popular FOSs contribute to an increase in heat tolerance by approximately 5 °C in terms of mPET. A FOS that maintains mPET between 30.8 °C and 33.1 °C in summer, along with other favourable attributes (SVF, accessibility & functionality) may help mitigate the heat risks and increase overall usage rate.

Application of GIS and HEC-RAS for flood risk assessment of Ofu River catchment in Nigeria

While flood inundation mapping and risk assessment have been identified as nonstructural measures for the control of floods, the application of GIS-based techniques has been identified as better alternatives to the traditional methods used over time. GIS tools and HEC-RAS models were utilized for a comprehensive flood risk assessment of the Ofu River Catchment as a case study. A total land area of 265.436 km2 and 92,016 persons are at risk of a 100-year flood return period, while a land area of 265.916 km2 and 1,959,288 persons are at risk of a 200-year flood in addition to roads, built and scattered settlements, forest reserves, oil palm plantations, churches, mosques, schools, police stations, primary health clinics, markets, and wireless masts that will be at risk. The study demonstrated that the application of the GIS and HEC-RAS models is an effective tool for accurate flood risk assessment at the catchment level.

Application of GIS and HEC-RAS for flood risk assessment of Ofu River catchment in Nigeria

Application of GIS and HEC-RAS for flood risk assessment of Ofu River catchment in Nigeria

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of a Railway Based on GIS Application

This study uses GIS-based maps to identify the potential for landslide movement on the railroad section between Prupuk Station and Purwokerto Station. The preparation was conducted by overlaying various maps obtained by online resource data, including rainfall, slope, geology, soil type, and land use, by using the DVMBG 2004 landslide prediction model. The distribution of landslide susceptibility levels shows that of the overall railway lines, 1.10% was very low, 17.29% was low, 63.16% was medium, 18.25% was high, and 0.21% was very high. The results of this study can be used as a reference for operators to provide information systems, landslide monitoring, and mitigation systems, especially for railroads in areas with high and very high vulnerability for landslides. Detailed conditions of landslide parameters and assessment of landslide occurrence on the location are needed to improve the accuracy of the models.

Technology for Internet mapping of the ecological and magnetic state of soils in urban areas

The paper describes the technology of Internet mapping of the ecological and magnetic state of soils on the example of the soil cover of the town of Chusovoi in Perm Region. The ecological and magnetic state of soils reflects the results of the long-term impact of industry and transport on the urban ecosystem, and the presentation of such data in the form of maps is generally accepted in ecological soil science. However, there is a problem of availability of spatial data characterizing soil pollution, caused, on the one hand, by the placement of materials in specialized literature and reports, and, on the other hand, by digital inequality due to the specificity of geographic information. In this regard, today the process of integration of geoinformation technologies and web technologies is actively taking place. The purpose of the research is to develop the technology for creating a typical web map of the ecological and magnetic state of soils in an urbanized area. The creation of a web map of the ecological and magnetic state of soils was carried out according to the standard stages of soil mapping: preparatory, field, and final cameral. Maps of magnetic susceptibility and content of heavy metals in soils were made using the ordinary kriging. Web application development is implemented using the qgis2web module and the Brackets code editor. The web application is hosted on the GitHub Pages platform. The results of the work represent a combination of geostatistics and visualization methods based on Internet mapping technologies, which makes it possible to present a whole set of geoecological maps dedicated to the ecological and magnetic state of soils in the form of a website. The presented geotechnology greatly simplifies the development of a soil-ecological web GIS application – the work is mainly carried out in a GIS environment and therefore does not require advanced competencies of a soil-cartographer in web programming

GIS learning and college students’ acquisition and understanding of spatial concepts

ABSTRACT Empirical evidence is insufficient on the specific roles GIS learning plays in developing students’ understanding various spatial concepts. The present study aims to draw attention to common struggles of learning some spatial concepts in geography and offer directions for future research on GIS learning and the development of student spatial concept lexicon. Three types of technical terms – neutral, helpful associations, and hindering associations – by Glessmer and Brose (2014) provided an excellent framework to explain why some concepts are more or less difficult for students to grasp. Our findings suggest that learning map scale and map projection are relatively easy because they are neutral and introduced as a new vocabulary. Overlay and density are terms provoking helpful associations because they carry a similar meaning in everyday language, so most students had no problems understanding the meaning of these concepts. Spatial association seemed to elicit unhelpful association because everyday use of the term, association, is not precise enough to define spatial association, resulting in students confused with other terms. Future research must be done in the context of GIS requiring students to be able to not only know spatial concepts but clearly articulate these concepts regarding various GIS applications.

How Can A GIS Application Develop Geographical Skills of Students: The Case Dashboards

Geography is the user guide to the world. Thanks to geography, people should be able to perform all kinds of activities in their daily lives more efficiently and use geography in their future planning. However, for this, geographical knowledge should not be memorized; instead, it should be transformed into geographical skills. Geography teachers have a great duty in this regard. To develop geographical skills for students is a multidimensional process. Considering the expectations of today's students, one of the most appropriate tools that can be used in teaching these skills to students is dashboards, a technology based on geographic information systems. Dashboards can transform geographical information into maps, graphics, indicators, and lists thanks to their superior features, thus increasing their usability. Geography teachers' designing geography teaching processes using this technology will enable students to develop their geographical skills. However, at this point, it is seen that geography teachers are not sufficiently equipped in this regard, and examples are needed. In this study, it is aimed at explaining how dashboards can be used to teach five basic geographical skills known as asking geographical questions, collecting, organizing and analyzing geographical information, and answering geographical questions to students. In order to achieve this goal, a descriptive literature review, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. In light of the literature review, how dashboards can be used in the acquisition of five basic geographical skills is explained with examples, and suggestions on how dashboards can contribute more to the geography teaching process are given.

ON THE QUESTION OF USING GIS TOOLS IN THE STUDY OF PALEOVALLEY IN THE VERCHNY PRUT BASIN

This article is devoted to the complex issue of the use of GIS in the study of the stages of the formation of the water network of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians, the identification and study of ancient flow valleys, morphogenesis and features of high terrace levels and paleovalleys in different periods of their formation. It is the use of new modern methods of digital mapping and geo-informational tools in research that allows us to look in a new way at the seemingly already known and defined problematic issues of the clarity of the stages of the origin and formation of the basins of the river systems of the Ukrainian Carpathians and their gradual stabilization within modern limits. It would seem that the position of leading specialists, Ukrainian geomorphologists (P. M. Tsis, K. I. Gerenchuk, M. S. Kozhurinoi, Y.S. Kravchuk, V. M. Klapchuk and others) has been clearly formulated for a long time thanks to the use of new geoinformation technologies and accessibility to modern software opens up new opportunities for its review and refinement. Currently, an important aspect of the study of basin systems of mountain regions, such as the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians, is the application of not just a cartographic research method, with the corresponding results of visualization, zoning or the creation of appropriate map schemes, but the use of system analysis, thanks to GIS applications (TIN interpolation qgis) and the creation of appropriate models, which allows us to reveal in more detail the complex issues of the transformation of ancient valleys and their modern reflection in the relief of this territory. It is the ambiguous conclusions and results of previous researchers that encourage the use of new, more progressive methods, which will make it possible to better substantiate and determine how the processes of restructuring of the river network of the southeastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians took place, as well as to reveal the reasons for these changes. It is especially important to take into account and rely on changes in the configuration of the Upper Prut river system network at various stages of its functioning and development. This complex and not fully resolved issue, the transformation of ancient flow valleys in the Pliocene–Pleistocene period, is extremely important for the understanding of modern channel processes on the rivers of the Upper Pruth basin, as it still has a significant impact on the perception of the modern view of the river network of the studied basin and the inherited nature of macroforms riverbed in its separate sections. Keywords: GIS; digital topographic base of the Earth: SRTM; paleogeomorphological analysis; paleovalley Chornyy Cheremosh river; paleovalley Chornа Tysa river; paleovalley of the Lyuchka and Oslava rivers.

Retracted: Application of Cloud Computing and GIS Based on Internet of Things in Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Production Management and Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System

Retracted: Application of Cloud Computing and GIS Based on Internet of Things in Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Production Management and Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System

Applications of GIS and Remote Sensing in Soil Environment Monitoring

Monitoring plays an essential role in the efficient and sustainable management of the environment [...]

An interconnected IoT-inspired network architecture for data visualization in remote sensing domain

Geospatial Data Analytics (GDA) is a futuristic platform for analyzing and processing volumetric data in remote sensing and GIS applications. GDA utilizes the Internet of Spatial Things (IoST), mist, fog, and cloud computing architecture as a backend tool for analyzing and processing big geospatial data. This paper introduces utilizing these interconnected network architectures of cloud, fog, and mist to process a large volume of geospatial data. Also, the paper presents a flexible, interconnected distributed network system, i.e., IoST-mist-fog-cloud GIS architecture, to analyze and manage geospatial data. The proposed system helps cloud platforms when MIST devices are trying to cut down on latency and boost throughput at the edge of the IoST tier. It also performs the geospatial crime data visualization of the total number of stolen vehicles from 2001 to 2011 from all the states of India as a case study by using the proposed model. It explains the mathematical and analytical queueing model of the proposed system. In addition, it performs a performance evaluation and experimental findings on the proposed architecture and uses graphs to represent the various arithmetic outcomes. The experimentation result proves the proposed interconnected network architecture's efficacy in terms of reliability and efficiency.

Correction: Bioremediation of industrial dye waste effluents aided by GIS applications: a comprehensive review

Correction: Bioremediation of industrial dye waste effluents aided by GIS applications: a comprehensive review

Application of GIS and feedforward back-propagated ANN models for predicting the ecological and health risk of potentially toxic elements in soils in Northwestern Nigeria.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) occur naturally in most geologic materials. However, recent anthropogenic disturbances such as ore mining have contributed significantly to their enrichment in soils. Their occurrence in soil may portend a myriad of related risks to the environment and biota. Most traditional soil quality evaluation methods involve comparing the background values of the elements to the established guideline values, which is often time-consuming and fraught with computational errors. As a result, to conduct a comprehensive and unbiased evaluation of soil quality and its effects on the ecosystem and human health, this research combined geochemical, numerical, and GIS data for a composite health risk zonation of the entire study area. Furthermore, the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-NN) was used to forecast the most important toxic components influencing soil quality. Geochemical, statistical, and quantitative soil pollution evaluation (pollution index and ecological risk index) showed that apart from mining, the spread and association of trace elements and oxides occur as a consequence of surface environmental conditions (e.g., leaching, weathering, and organo-metallic complexation). The hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) of all PTEs were greater than one. This indicates that residents (particularly children) are more susceptible to risks from toxic element ingestion than dermal exposure and inhalation. Ingestion of As and Cr resulted in higher cancer risks and lifetime cancer risk levels (> 1.0E 04), with risk levels increasing toward the northeastern, western, and southeastern directions of the study area. The low modeling errors observed from the sum of square errors, relative errors, and coefficient of determination confirmed the efficiency of the MLP-NN in pollution load prediction. Based on the sensitivity analysis, Hg, Sr, Zn, Ba, As, and Zr showed the greatest influence on soil quality. Focus on remediation should therefore be placed on the removal of these elements from the soil.

The relevancy-analysis of air quality index to Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in A landfill site of Medan

The existence of open dumping in Medan City’s final waste processing since 1993 has certainly had a negative impact in the form of a decrease in air quality which has a further impact on public health problems. This study aims to analyse and maps the distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the Terjun Landfill and to examine the relationship between the air quality index and the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the nearby landfill site. The sampling method for this research uses the manual active and is mapped using the GIS application. The results of ambient air concentrations were converted into an air quality index which subsequently was tested in a statistical correlative method to investigate the prevalence of ARI. The results demonstrated the PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 38.94 – 163.1 µ/m3, the PM10 was between 46.84 – 184.2 µ/m3; indicating an excessive level of national ambient threshold. The distribution of the highest PM2.5 and PM10 is in the active zone of the landfill. The prevalence of ARI in the nearby landfill site showed a strong relationship; 0.86 for PM2.5 and 0.62 for PM10. These findings illustrate a poor-quality air would increase the number of inhabitants with ARI.