Girl Students Research Articles

Are adolescent leaders prosocial and aggressive?

This longitudinal study was initiated to assess the predictors of peer- and teacher-identified Chinese adolescent leaders. Participants were 764 8th grade (14.42 years, 348 girls) and 783 11th grade (17.67 years, 427 girls) students that completed two waves of data collection separated by 1 year. Prosocial behavior, aggression, and the interaction between aggression and effortful control concurrently and longitudinally predicted peer- and teacher-identified leadership. A person-centered analysis revealed that 56.8% of the peer-identified and 37.6% of the teacher-identified leaders exhibited both prosocial and aggressive behavior. Consistent with Confucian ideas, prosocial behavior was strongly associated with leadership in both the variable- and person-centered analyses. These results suggest that the bistrategic model in conjunction with effortful control may be useful for understanding youth leadership contextualized within cultural norms.

A call for joint action is urgently required in Middle East countries due to prolonged school closures/banning of girl students

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELF PERCEPTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The present study was carried out to study the impact of self-perception on secondary school students. A sample of 100 secondary school students from diverse backgrounds in Sonipat district was selected. The number of male and female students was kept same. For measurement of self-perception, Self-Perception Scale by Susan Harter (2012) was used. The descriptive method was used for the study. Mean, standard deviation, Coefficient of correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. The result showed a positive correlation between self-perception of boys and girls students and also there was no significant difference between self-concept of boys and girls students.

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder with High- Functioning among Children Aged 7–12 Years Old

Background. Many people with high-functioning autism are not diagnosed and treated until pre-school or early school years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high-functioning autism spectrum disorder in 7-12 year-old students in Arak city in order to identify these individuals and prevent further harm by early intervention. Methods. This Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 2864 male and female students in the first to sixth grades of primary schools in Arak who had an IQ of 70 and above, using the ASSQ questionnaire between October 2017 and June 2018. This questionnaire is related to screening for autism spectrum, and its validity and reliability were established by Kasechi at the University of Social Welfare Sciences in 2013 in Tehran. Individuals who scored 22 or higher on the questionnaire were identified as having high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Results. In this study, 2864 elementary school students with an average age of 9.16 years (minimum 7 years and maximum 12 years) in the first to sixth grades were evaluated. 1.7% of students had high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. The age variable with P.value = 0.003 (The highest prevalence is related to the age group of 7 years with a prevalence of 3.1% and the lowest prevalence is related to the age group of 8 and 9 years with a prevalence of 0.7%) and the gender variable with p = 0.002 (1.1% of boy students and 2.3% of girl students) made significant difference in the prevalence of this disorder and the prevalence of the disorder was higher in girls than in boys. Conclusion. High-functioning autism spectrum disorder is a latent disorder with a relatively high prevalence that is higher in girls than boys. Also, this prevalence is not age-related and there is a possibility of symptoms of this disorder at any age.

A Gender-based Investigation of Indian Senior Secondary Students’ Misconceptions about Plant Reproduction through Concept Inventory

The central objective of this study was to unveil the misconceptions and their sources through the responses of Indian senior secondary (n=102; 54 boys and 48 girls) students about plant reproduction. A concept inventory with correct and incorrect statements was designed to elicit the misconceptions among class XII students. A semi-structured interview of selected students followed this exercise to report the sources of misconceptions from students’ perspectives. Descriptive statistics like mean and percentages determined the extent of misconceptions through frequencies of incorrect responses–overall, 40.392% of students bore misconceptions in this sub-concept with statements like “no difference between vegetative propagation and vegetative reproduction” getting a higher frequency of incorrect responses. Gender-based differences were investigated through inferential statistics like Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, more misconceptions were observed in boys than girls in plant reproduction. Qualitative analysis of the interview responses revealed the ambiguities in everyday classroom transactions and textbook explanations as to the major sources behind misconceptions. The study concluded with suggestive measures–and possible pedagogical tools–to help teachers identify and eradicate student misconceptions.

Educational Intervention and Referral for Early Detection of Endometriosis among Technical Secondary Schools Students

Background Endometriosis is a long-lasting state in which endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus often on the reproductive organs, bowel, and bladder. Aim To evaluate the effect of educational intervention and referral for early detection of endometriosis among technical secondary school students. Patients and methods A quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the aim of the study. Setting The study was carried out at technical secondary schools for girl students at Minia City. Sampling A total of 300 adolescent girls were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Tools Four tools were used for data collection: tool 1, sociodemographic data and menstrual history; tool 2, symptoms/risk factors assessment tool for early detection of endometriosis; tool 3, knowledge assessment tool about endometriosis; and tool 4, management practices assessment tool. Results The current study revealed that 72.8% of girl students had poor knowledge about endometriosis in pretest, which decreased to 20.3% in posttest. In addition, there were statistically significant improvements among referred girls regarding their management practices related to symptoms suggesting endometriosis in pretest (10.3%) and posttest (77.3%). Furthermore, there were positive correlations between knowledge about endometriosis among studied students and their symptom management practices after implementation of the educational intervention. Conclusion Implementation of educational intervention among adolescent girls was effective in early detection and early management of endometriosis and in improving their knowledge and their management practices regarding endometriosis. Recommendations More research studies are needed to increase adolescent girls’ awareness regarding endometriosis because there are scant research studies in this field.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT INITIATIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION – A STUDY FOR THE PERIOD 2015-16 TO 2020-21

Education plays a critical role in empowerment of an individual. In its commitment to provide ‘Quality Higher Education for all’, and promoting gender equity through education, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has initiated certain scholarships and other schemes for empowerment of women and girl students. This is a study of the selected schemes of the UGC and performance during the period 2015-16 to 2020-21. Secondary Data collected from the Annual Reports of the Commission revealed under-utilisation of available scholarships and fellowships. There is a need to enhance the awareness about the schemes of women empowerment. The scheme for Women Studies Centres in Universities and Colleges was enlarged to include the Scheme of Capacity Building of Women Managers in Higher Education in the twelfth plan. Presently there are 159 Women Studies Centres in various Universities and Colleges across the country. The performance of scheme for construction of women hostels has also been studied. During the year 2017-18, there were maximum beneficiaries for Post-Doctoral Fellowship for Women and Indira Gandhi Post-Graduate Scholarship for Single Girl Child. There is a need to create awareness about the ‘Saksham’ Portal and enhance the participation of women in research activities.

The Effectiveness of MindUP Curriculum on Psychological Well-being and Personality Traits of Girl Students

The Effectiveness of MindUP Curriculum on Psychological Well-being and Personality Traits of Girl Students

Impact of Nutrition Education on Whole Grains Consumption amongst Primary and Middle School Children in Delhi

Imparting nutrition education in schools is an effective tool for inculcating healthy eating behavior in early childhood, which will bestow lifelong positive health implications. Ignorance, illiteracy, lack of nutrition knowledge, and inappropriate nutritional practices and dietary traditions influence the nutritional status of children. This study assesses the existing knowledge, attitude, and practices prevalent amongst the school children (6-14 years) in the consumption of whole grains and examines the impact of nutritional intervention on them. 22% of participants were from primary school in the age group of 6-10 years, and 78% were from middle school between the ages of 11-14 years. Total percentage of girl students was 84% against boys, which was 16%. Nutrition education was imparted to the school children through visual presentation on the importance of consuming whole grains, structure and composition of whole grains, difference between refined and whole grains, food sources, nutritional importance, rich sources of dietary and soluble fibre, besides promoting digestive health and wellness. Self-designed fun nutrition games and food quizzes were employed to engage with the school students. In the pre-assessment survey, the middle school students showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher knowledge than primary school students. Although after implementing the nutrition education program in the post-assessment survey, an increase in knowledge about whole grains was observed both in primary as well as middle school students. However, no significant difference was seen in the knowledge acquisition between male and female students in pre or post-nutrition intervention assessment. The present study showed an incremental rise in the knowledge and attitude of primary and secondary school children in the age group of 6-14 years in all aspects of whole-grain education. Therefore, this intervention showed that in order to bridge the gap of nutrition literacy among school-going children, integrating nutrition education into the school curriculum can be an effective tool for inculcating healthy eating behavior in early childhood.

Students Career Readiness: Issues and Evidence from Mawuko Girls Senior High School in Ho Municipality

The purpose of the study was to examine the issues and evidence of the career readiness of students in Mawako Girls in the Ho Municipality. Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed method research design, a sample of one hundred and thirty students from Mawuko Girls Senior High School and ten teachers, from a population of 484, (comprising of 412 students and 72 teachers), were used for the study. A self-developed questionnaire (0.85) was used for students’ data collection and as an interview guide for teachers. The study was guided by four research questions. Percentages and weighted means were used to analyse the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the quantitative data. The findings of the study revealed the following: Mawako Girls students have a good level of career awareness. Additionally, students acquire information on careers from the school. electronic media, newspapers, magazines, teachers, and friends. Finally, students are faced with four major challenges as they make their career choices, namely: lack of funds to pursue required courses for the job they want to do in the future; lack of the required information for career choice-making; acceding to the career choice preferred by parents and guardians; and finally, a lack of teachers to teach required subjects for students’ preferred careers. The study recommends that the headmaster of the school should insist that students receive career guidance once they are admitted into the school. The school's library should be furnished with adequate magazines and newspapers since students read them for various reasons, including information about their career choices. The school should be connected to the World Wide Web to create a good source for educating pupils with career information. Finally, the school's computer lab must be well-equipped with internet connection and computers so that students can research careers on their own.

Assessment on the Parents’ Socio-Economic Factors and the Dropout of Girls Students in Government Secondary Schools in Arusha District Council, Tanzania

The study purposed to assess parents’ socio-economic factors and the dropout of girl students in public secondary schools in Arusha District council, Tanzania. The objectives of the study were to; examine the parent’s economic factors for girl students’ dropout in public secondary schools and establish the copying strategies for girl students’ dropout in public secondary schools in Arusha District council. The study employed descriptive survey design and mixed methods approach to gather data. The sample size was 8 Heads of schools, 38form four class teachers and 240 form four students in public secondary schools in Arusha District. Questionnaires and interview guide were used for data collection. The research experts evaluated the instruments to determine content validity. Reliability of the questionnaires was determined in pilot study and Cronbach Alpha coefficient was found to correlate at r = 0.75. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS version 20 and results were presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was analysed thematically alongside research questions. The study findings revealed that parents’ income, child labour and schooling costs are the principal economic reason for students’ dropout. The intervening measures for students’ dropout include: parents to consider giving students minimal domestic chores to reduce workload at home and create more time for individual studies, there is a need for parents to establish economic activities, construction of more schools to reduce distance to school, school feeding programmes should be established, and teachers should attend to individual student’s needs

The Reliability and Equivalency of the Persian Version of Quick Speech-in-Noise Test in 7-12-Year-Old

Background and Aim: In a noisy environment, children struggle more than adults to understand speech. Various tests at different levels of cognition are available to evaluate children’s speech perception abilities in a noisy environment. The present study aimed at determining the reliability and equivalency of the Persian version of the quick speech-in-noise (P-Q-SIN) test in 7-12 years old school-aged children.
 Methods: A total of 120 (60 girls) students with normal hearing were chosen from primary schools in district 2 of Kerman City, Iran. They were in five age groups ranging from 7 to 12 years (24 children per age group). Pure tone audiometry test was performed on the samples, then nine lists of P-Q-SIN of previous studies (Khalili et al. and Shayanmehr et al.) were administered on these participants. To obtain the test-retest reliability, three weeks later, the re-test was performed.
 Results: In the test-retest reliability, lists 1 and 4 of Khalili et al. and list 2 of Shayanmehr et al. were highly correlated (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the scores of girls and boys (p>0.05). The participant’s performance improves as the age increases.
 Conclusion: None of the lists of Shayanmehr et al. was reliable and equivalent. List 1 and 4 of Khalili et al. were reliable and equivalent; therefore, they can be used in clinical application for children in the age range of 7 to 12 years by considering the norm of signal-to-noise ratio loss.
 Keywords: Children; equivalency; normal hearing; quick speech-in-noise test; reliability; signal to noise ratio loss

Social Networking and Women’s Agency: The Role of Social Media among Pakistani University Girls Students

Women’s agency in Pakistan is oppressed both in private and public space. The study finds out the usage of cyberspace and cyber culture among university girl students in Mardan. The second objective is to investigate the association of cyberspace and women’s agency in promoting women thoughts and challenging male authority. A quantitative cross sectional study design is used with simple random sampling techniques and data are collected through questionnaires from 200 currently enrolled university girl students. Binary logistic regression shows that the odd ratio is 2.271 times higher among frequent social media users to criticize government policies against women rights (P-value .001). Similarly the odd ratio is 3.873 times higher among women frequently using social media for social networking with people without physical involvement (P-value .000). It is concluded that cyberspace empowered women’s agency in sharing their issues, thoughts and challenging male authority without occupying physical space.

A Comparative Study of Cardio-vascular Endurance among Adolescent Girls of Plain & Hilly Region of Uttarakhand

Physical Education activities are essential for the proper development of a child. This study is focused on the comparison of Cardio-vascular Endurance among girls in urban and rural Uttarakhand. By using simple random sampling researcher had selected 200 female students of public and private schools of Haldwani (Plain) and Nainital (Hills) urban and rural areas of Uttarakhand aged between12 to 17. 100 students each from Haldwani and Nainital area of Uttarakhand were selected for the purpose of the study using stratified random sampling technique. The cardiovascular endurance was measured by 12-minute run. To compare this component among the students the data was analysed by combining descriptive statistics, Mean Deviations, General and T (independent) tests and two other f- ratio methods under ANCOVA. Cardiovascular Endurance for rural girls’ students has been found to be higher than that in urban girls in the mountainous region of Uttarakhand. At the same time, insignificant differences were found in the Cardiovascular Endurance of rural and urban girl students in the Plain area of Uttarakhand.

Compare the effect of social cognitive training & coaching on moral behavior in girl students of high/secondary schoolhool

Compare the effect of social cognitive training & coaching on moral behavior in girl students of high/secondary schoolhool

Mindset and Achievement: A Secondary School Perspective in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This descriptive research study aimed to determine the impact of students' mindsets on their academic achievement. The population comprised students enrolled at the government secondary school level in the districts Peshawar and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 400 boys and 398 girl students was selected through a Multi-stage random sampling technique. The self-theory version of the implicit theories of intelligence scale developed by De Castella and Byrne (2015) was used for the study. Students' achievement scores were obtained from the annual examination 2021 result of the BISE Peshawar. It was found that Students' fixed mindset had significant and strong negative, while students' growth mindset had a significant and strong positive linear relationship with students' achievement. Both students' fixed and growth mindsets significantly and strongly predicted but students' fixed mindset negatively, while students' growth mindset positively contributed towards students' achievement. The study also revealed some gender differences.

Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among the girls in Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara

This study is carried out to identify the knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among girl students studying in Janapriya Multiple Campus (JMC). A descriptive and analytical study design is used to assess the knowledge and practice of girl students of JMC. All the female students were the population and the sample size was 111 from 10 plus two level and bachelor level randomly. The quantitative data collected was analysed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0. Bi-variable analysis was carried out to identify factors related to the practice of menstruation and menstrual hygiene. There is no significant association between caste and use of absorbent (chi-square = 1.84 with a degree of freedom = 1 and p > 0.05.). The majority had knowledge about the use of sanitary pads; however, a small proportion (15%) of them used old cloths and reused those clothes after washing again. One or more cultural taboos and restrictions were practiced related to menstruation. More than half of the respondents had the problem of performing religious rites, followed by those having problem of entry into the kitchen and were not allowed to use the same bed. However, a few (5.4%) had no problems at their homes. It was concluded that traditional taboos were still seen in the communities from where the students came. So, reproductive health related awareness programme should be launched on those communities.

The effect of an empowerment education package with self- determination approach on girl students math performance and gender beliefs (with low performance in this lesson)

The effect of an empowerment education package with self- determination approach on girl students math performance and gender beliefs (with low performance in this lesson)

The Effect of Music on Cognitive Control among Media Multitaskers

The objective was to understand the performance differences of heavy and light media multitaskers. Further, the differences across media multitasking groups when the subjects are performing a cognitive task in the presence of music were studied to understand the role of music in cognitive performance in terms of cognitive control. A sample of 300 girl students from the Government schools of Chandigarh in the age range of 14-18 years (mean age= 15.7 years) was taken for the purpose. The media multitasking questionnaire (Ophir et al., 2009) and the Stroop task (Stroop, 1935) were used. The two media multitasking groups, viz., heavy and light media multitaskers, significantly differed from each other. Media multitasking and cognitive control were found to be linked and the role of music indicated facilitating trend for performance. Studies conclude high levels of media multitasking result in poor cognitive performance in terms of cognitive control and music plays a facilitative role for such media multitasker’s cognitive control.

Comparing the gross motor performance levels of 7–10 age group children with autism spectrum disorder and typical developing

Background and Study Aim. The children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder lead a sedentary lifestyle and, as a result, they are more affected by health problems such as being overweight and obese. They are physically less active than their peers showing typical developing. The aim of the study is to carry out a general comparison of the gross motor performance levels of elementary school-age children living in Germany diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and children showing typical developing.
 Material and Methods. A total of 68 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and 73 children showing normal development between the ages 7 and 10 participated in the study. Of the participants, 55 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were boys and 13 were girls, and the average age of the boys was 8.40±1.09 years, while the average age of the girls was 8.85±1.14 years. Of the 73 participants, 36 showing typical development consisted of boys and 37 of them consisted of girl students, and the average age of the boys was 8.56±1.08 years while the average age of the girls was 8.43±1.21 years. The Body Coordination Test for Children was used to evaluate gross motor performance components in the study.
 Results. The results of the study showed that girls had lower general body coordination than boys on average. It was concluded that children who had an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis displayed statistically lower total motor performance in all of the administered tests compared to their peers showing normal development (p<0.05).
 Conclusion. It is considered that the data obtained will provide important clues about the motor coordination values and body composition of children with autism spectrum disorder and will contribute to taking precautions against the health risks of children with autism spectrum disorder, who are more affected by a sedentary lifestyle compared to their normally developing peers.