Education Of Girls Research Articles

Gender equality and climate justice programming for youth in low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of gaps and opportunities

Climate change threatens hard won progress in the education and life outcomes of adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by compounding the harmful effects of gender inequality and poverty. In recent years, there has been a rise in global advocacy for gender transformative education for climate justice that addresses the underlying gender inequalities driving climate vulnerability for adolescent girls in LMICs. But, has the international development and education community responded to this call? This paper seeks to establish a baseline for answering this question through a landscape analysis of actors working on issues of gender and climate change with youth, especially girls, as well as a landscape analysis of publicly available curricular materials on climate justice and gender equality. We find that although there are many nongovernmental efforts focused on different entry points into the nexus of gender, education, leadership, and climate change, there is much more room for aligning gender equality and climate justice programming for girls. This paper highlights the gaps and opportunities for doing so and offers a taxonomy of programming approaches to guide actors and their collaborators toward more intersectional educational programming.

Examining the gender imbalance in the National Community Health Assistant Programme in Liberia: a qualitative analysis of policy and Programme implementation.

The Revised National Community Health Services Policy (2016-2021) (RNCHSP) and its programme implementation, the Liberian National Community Health Assistant Programme (NCHAP), exhibit a critical gender imbalance among the Community Health Assistants (CHAs) as only 17% are women. This study was designed to assess the gender responsiveness of the RNCHSP and its programme implementation in five counties across Liberia to identify opportunities to improve gender equity in the programme. Using qualitative methods, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with policymakers and 32 with CHAs, other members of the community health workforce and community members. The study found that despite the Government of Liberia's intention to prioritize women in the recruitment and selection of CHAs, the planning and implementation of the RNCHSP were not gender responsive. While the role of community structures, such as Community Health Committees, in the nomination and selection of CHAs is central to community ownership of the programme, unfavourable gender norms influenced women's nomination to become CHAs. Cultural, social and religious perceptions and practices of gender created inequitable expectations that negatively influenced the recruitment of women CHAs. In particular, the education requirement for CHAs posed a significant barrier to women's nomination and selection as CHAs, due to disparities in access to education for girls in Liberia. The inequitable gender balance of CHAs has impacted the accessibility, acceptability and affordability of community healthcare services, particularly among women. Strengthening the gender responsiveness within the RNCHSP and its programme implementation is key to fostering gender equity among the health workforce and strengthening a key pillar of the health system. Employing gender responsive policies and programme will likely increase the effectiveness of community healthcare services.

Menstrual hygiene management and its determinants among adolescent girls in low-income urban areas of Delhi, India: a community-based study.

ObjectivesMenstrual hygiene management (MHM) in developing countries is linked to human rights, social justice, and the education and empowerment of young girls. The objective of this study was to assess menstrual hygiene practices and their determinants among adolescent girls, including school dropouts, and the effects of pad distribution programs in urban resettlement areas of Delhi, India.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 in urban resettlement colonies and 2 villages of Delhi among 1,130 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years, who were interviewed face to face.Results In total, 954 participants (84.4%) used only disposable sanitary pads, 150 (13.3%) used both sanitary pads and cloths, and 26 (2.3%) used only cloths (n=1,130). Most school-going girls utilized the scheme for pad distribution, but only two-thirds of the girls who were out of school utilized the scheme. In the adjusted analysis, girls with lower educational status, those who had dropped out of school, and those from the Muslim religious community were more likely to use cloths for MHM.Conclusion More than 4 out of 5 adolescent girls in Delhi in low-income neighborhoods preferred sanitary pads for MHM. The government free pad scheme reached near-universal utilization among school-going girls (97%), but the subsidized pad scheme for girls who did not attend school was insufficiently utilized (75%).

An exploration of women's sexual and reproductive health following traumatic brain injury.

To develop a gendered understanding of sexual and reproductive health for Australian women following traumatic brain injury. The intersection of socialised normative expectations of sexuality and sexual health, and being a woman with a disability, can lead to inequity and a misconception that a woman with a disability is asexual. An equal weighting concurrent mixed methods design. Twenty women participated in conversational interviews and 49 women completed an online survey. Equal priority was given to both qualitative and quantitative data which were collected concurrently. A separate analysis of data was performed and was later merged. This paper follows the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study guidelines for reporting mixed methods research. Women reported changes in menstruation, reproduction, and sexual activity. Results identified that following traumatic brain injury, routine reproductive, and sexual health screening were neglected. Women revealed a personal reticence to discuss sexual health in a holistic sense and appeared more comfortable discussing reproductive health rather than sex for pleasure. Additionally, they perceived there was a reticence by clinicians to discuss sexual health as part of their rehabilitation. Shifting the focus to be on women's health through periodic comprehensive health assessments is essential to the delivery of holistic health care. These results can inform the provision of sexual health, sexual safety, and sexual assertiveness education and training for women and girls within a rehabilitation framework and would be a way of addressing what women in this study identified as an unmet need. Reproductive and sexual health are important elements of routine comprehensive health screening for women. Nurses are well positioned to begin discussions regarding sexual agency, sexual, and reproductive health to ensure person-centred care.

Urban wild meat markets in Cameroon: Actors and motives

Wild meat (called ‘bushmeat’ or ‘viande de brousse’ in Central Africa) embodies a centuries-old livelihood and cultural exchange system that continues to play an important role in informal urban economies. From earlier studies, we know that selling the meat from wild animals provides a vital source of income to people in both rural and urban areas. Yet, little is known about the actors involved in wild meat markets, their entry to the informal market economy, or their motivations. Using the wild meat trade in two urban areas in Cameroon as case studies, we address why people choose to sell wild meat as an alternative to selling legal commodities and investigate whether urban wild meat traders rely upon particular ethno-linguistic or other ties to generate a network of buyers. We collected qualitative data through interviews in ten wild meat markets in Yaoundé and Abong Mbang and conducted long-term participant observations in markets and along urban trading routes in Yaoundé. Our data also include quantitative sales and profit data in the primary market of Yaoundé. We found that women comprised 74% of wild meat market vendors (45 of 54) in all the markets we studied. The majority of traders (85%), meat cleaners (89%), and vendors (95%) within the primary market originated from forest-based southern Cameroonian ethnic groups. Livelihood benefits, ethnic ties, and poor formal economic options drove the choice to pursue this particular trade. Our study highlights the role that improved access to employment and education for women and girls could play in reducing the drive to join the urban wild meat trade. This study also highlights the need to engage the expertise of wild meat market actors, and traders, in particular, in testing and revising wild meat management practices and policies.

Assessment of the Causes and Consequeses of School Dropouts among Government Secondary School Students in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State

Students are supposed to spend a particular number of years before graduation from school. When a student stops his attendance of the school before the time leading to the completion of the programme, he has dropout. The problem of school dropouts among secondary school students in Nigeria has become a thing of great concern to educationist in the country and the society at large. This study is, therefore, aimed at finding out the Causes and Consequence of School Dropout among Government Secondary Schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo Sate. In this study, descriptive survey was used in carrying out the research. Four research questions were formulated. Questionnaire was used as the instrument to collect information for the study. A sample size of 689 students drawn from 4 selected secondary schools was used as the respondents. The data collected were analysed with descriptive data using mean. The findings revealed that the causes of school dropout are as follows: high cost of education, peer influence, early marriage and pregnancies of unmarried girls and the quest to get rich quick. It also revealed that dropping out of school results to inferiority complex, engagement in antisocial behaviours, low ambition, marital discord and decline in national economic advancement. To stop this problem of school dropout, the researchers therefore recommended that the government should reduce the cost of education, parents should endeavour to carry out their responsibilities on their children, educational system should be well administered and guidance counsellors employed in secondary schools.

Empowerment of Iraqi Women and its Effect on Their Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Women’s empowerment is an efforts to enhance their general condition and role of women in building of nations, along with their quality of life (QoL). The aspects of womankind empowerment are given importance such as the education of girls (social empowerment); also the employment and participation in the labor market (economic empowerment); it is expected that the most of the world’s poor are women and they are frequently in charge of providing the essential needs for their families. Therefore, they are at specific threat of poverty. Women perception of their position in life cycle in the background of culture and value organizations where they live and related to their aims, anticipations, values, and worries termed as QoL. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess QoL and its association with economic and social empowerment of women furthermore, find out the association between QoL and some sociodemographical variables. METHODS: A descriptive and correlational study was conducted; from the period of October 1, 2021–December 20, 2021. It is used an online questionnaire by Google form as a method of data collection on 500 women their ages (15–66 years old) from all of Iraq’s provinces. The questionnaire composed of two parts; sociodemographical characteristics of Iraqi women in addition to “RAND 36-Item Health Survey” of QoL (SF-36). Data were analyzed with SPSS (26) to meet certain objectives of current research. RESULTS: The majority of study sample live in urban regions, most of them were diploma holder and above, approximately half of participant with sufficient income, positive significant correlation between QoL and education level, income, and inverse or negative relationship between QoL and work, age. The present study demonstrates the greatest proportion of participants with fair quality of life. CONCLUSION: They carried out extensive social media campaigns and awareness sessions on the social and economic empowerment for women. They support and authorize autonomous women to be represented in decision creation positions in development processes. They develop a tough and gender balanced private subdivision in Iraq, providing motherhood authorization and basic sexual role friendly facilities, including safe transportation, care of children, and gender disaggregated health services, Governmental encouragement of women’s access to education, and urge enrolment of Iraqi girls in school. Introducing sessions about the health services provided by health sectors especially in rural zones to increase of awareness regarding to public health services.

Adolescent girls' experiences of menstruation and schooling in monastic schools in Magway Region, Myanmar: A mixed-methods exploration.

BackgroundDespite increasing recognition that menstruation matters for adolescent girls' health and education, few studies have investigated menstrual health challenges and impacts in Myanmar. In this study we aimed to (1) understand the menstrual experiences of girls attending monastic schools in Magway Region, Myanmar and (2) explore the associations between their reported unmet menstrual health needs and school absenteeism.MethodsWe undertook a mixed-methods exploration across 16 Monastic schools in rural and semi-rural areas. In-depth interviews with 10 adolescent girls, 10 Focus-Group Discussions (FGDs) with girls, 10 FGDs with boys, 5 FGDs with mothers, along with 24 key-informant interviews were analyzed using a framework approach to explore girls' menstrual experiences and challenges in school settings. A cross-sectional survey of 421 post menarche girls (mean-age-14 years) was used to describe the prevalence of menstrual health challenges and test associations with self-reported school absenteeism.ResultsGirls described a range of menstrual health challenges including access to information and social support, behavioral restrictions, stigma surrounding menstruation, difficulties managing menstrual bleeding and pain. Girls also described fear and distress associated with menstruation and impacts on school attendance and participation. Of girls surveyed, 12.8% had missed school due to their last period. In multivariable analysis, grade level (aOR = 0.76 95%CI 0.60–0.97), menstrual pain (aOR = 2.10 95%CI 1.10–4.00), and heavy bleeding (aOR = 3.33 95%CI 1.51–7.34) were associated with absenteeism. Knowledge about menstrual biology was not related to absenteeism, but a more negative attitude toward menstruation may have predicted greater absences (aOR 1.34 95%CI 0.99–1.80). Confidence to talk to friends or teachers about menstruation was not associated with absenteeism, nor was using a disposable-pad or feeling confident to manage menses at school. However, feeling confident to ask a teacher for a pad was associated with greater absenteeism and may have indicated that girls more regularly needing to request products had lower attendance (aOR = 1.93 95%CI 1.06–3.54).ConclusionsAdolescent girls in Magway face substantial challenges during menstruation, adversely impacting on their education and wellbeing. Providing age-appropriate education and addressing shame and taboos are important components of a comprehensive menstrual health response. In addition, our study highlights the need to ensure access to menstrual resources and WASH facilities, along with access to adequate menstrual pain relief.

Evaluation of the efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris extract against cutaneous leishmaniasis in white laboratory mice of Balb/c

The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris extract against the parasite Leishmania major that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis and compare it with ivermectin drug in vivo. This study was conducted in the animal house of the Department of Biology / Faculty of Education for Girls / University of Kufa, and the study period extended from 1/11/2021/ to 1/4/2022. The current study included evaluating the effectiveness of the crude alcoholic extract of C. vulgaris compared with Ivermectin drug in vivo (white mice) where the current study included the use of two concentrations of alcoholic algae extract (500, 1000) mg/ml and one concentration of the drug 2%. The results of the current study showed a decrease in the size of the pest in the group treated with alcoholic extract of the moss. With an increase in the concentration compared to the drug and the positive control group, as the size of the pest treated with the extract became 1000 mg/ml after 15 days of treatment, 0.5 cm, while the size of the pest in the group treated with the drug was 1.2 cm.

Study of histological structure of lung of albino rats treated with amygdalin zinc oxide nano particles

The current study was conducted in the animal house of the Faculty of Education for Girls / University of Kufa, and the study aimed to know the effect of the nano-extract (zinc oxide) of the seeds of the Prunus persica and Prunus armeniaca seeds on the histological structure of the lungs in male white rats with ages ranging (6-10) weeks and weights (200-250 g). Which were divided into ten groups, each group included 5 rats. The first group is the control group and the second group is the group that was treated with the nano-extract of the seeds of the P.persica plant at a concentration (10 mg/kg) then (DENA+Ccl4), the third group is the group that was treated with just the nano-extract from the seeds of the P.persica plant at a concentration (15 mg/kg),the fourth group is the group that was treated with the nano-extract from the seeds of the P.armeniaca plant at a concentration (10mg/kg) then (DENA+Ccl4), the fifth group is the group that was treated with just the nano-extract from the seeds of the P.armeniaca plant at a concentration (15 mg/kg) and the sixth group was the infection group with cancer which treated with (DENA+Ccl4),,,,

Effect of spraying with nano iron oxide and vitamin B3 on vegetative growth characteristics and mineral content of basil plant Ocimum BasilicnmL

The experiment was conducted in the shade of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Girls, Tikrit University, during the 2021 agricultural season. It was implemented as a factorial experiment according to the RCBC randomized complete block design, which included two factors, the first factor being Nano iron oxide in four concentrations (20,80,40.0 mg, L-1). The second factor is vitamin B3 in three concentrations (100,50.0 mg. L-1). And the overlap between them and three replicates for each factor. The results showed that spraying with Nano iron oxide gave the highest rate of vegetative growth and plant nutrient content compared to plants that did not spray. The treatment of spraying with vitamin B3 in the characteristics of vegetative growth and mineral content was better than the treatment of non-spray with vitamin B3As for the intervention factors, treatment F3N2 (spraying with Nano iron oxide at a concentration of 20/mg. L-1 + vitamin B3 at a concentration of 100 mg, L-1) outperformed all the interaction treatments in the vegetative growth characteristics of the plant and its mineral content.

The Effectiveness of an Electronic Educational Unit on Developing some Educational Communication Skills for Second Year Students at Faculty Of Physical Education for Girls

The Effectiveness of an Electronic Educational Unit on Developing some Educational Communication Skills for Second Year Students at Faculty Of Physical Education for Girls

Penerapan Pendidikan Akhlak Murid Perempuan Dalam Kitab Akhlak Lil Banat

Moral education is one way to guide someone in good behavior. In an educational institution, there must be coaching or education for the morals of the students. At Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School, moral education for students uses the teaching of classical books, one of which is the book of Akhlaqu lil banat volume I. The aims of this study are: 1) To determine the moral education of female students in the book Akhlaqu lil banat volume I and 2) to find out the implementation and evaluation of female students' moral education at the Darul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that: 1) In the book of Akhlaqu lil banat volume I there is a lot of moral education for girls, from childhood to adulthood and there are things that girls can and cannot do. 2) The application of moral education for female students contained in the book Akhlaqu lil banat volume I has had a good influence on the moral formation of female students in Darul Hikmah Islamic boarding schools. Changes that can be seen from the 7th grade female students are changes in behavior (polite) and in speaking or speaking well to teachers, older people or to their friends.
 Keywords: Moral Education

Scientists' warning on population

Humanity must commit to transformative change on all levels in order to address the climate emergency and biodiversity collapse. In particular, stabilizing and ultimately reducing the human population size is necessary to ensure the long-term wellbeing of our species and other life on Earth. We show how this transition can be accomplished in an equitable framework that promotes human rights. Specifically, we issue a global appeal for women and men to have at most one child and call for policy-makers to implement population policies that improve education for girls and young women and ensure the availability of high-quality family-planning services.

The effectiveness of an investigative educational program in the achievement of female students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in educational planning

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of an educational program based on the directed investigative approach in the achievement of female students of Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the subject of educational planning). The researchers adopted the experimental design with partial control for the two equal experimental and control groups with the post-test, to suit the nature of the research, as the research sample consisted of (30) female students who were deliberately selected from the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the College of Education for Girls, Tikrit University. (15) female students studied the first experimental group according to the educational program, and the second group studied according to the usual method, and by (15) students, the researchers prepared the model teaching plans for both groups. An achievement test was also prepared for the experiment, which consisted of (30 items), and the test was verified by appearance and content. Post-achievement, and in light of the results reached by the researchers, they recommend a number of recommendations, including: The necessity of adopting educational programs in teaching educational subjects in universities. Teaching methods curricula include investigative learning strategies in teaching planning in educational sciences departments, and the need to train their students on modern programs in teaching. To complement the results of the study, the researchers suggested some suggestions, including: the effect of the educational program in developing skills of acquiring educational concepts in the subject of educational planning and developing their tendency towards it, and building an educational program according to the strategies of the investigation in the collection of teaching methods and knowing its impact on their performance efficiency among third-year students.

Barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: an exploratory qualitative study

ObjectivesThis study explored the perceived barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy among health and education professionals (‘professionals’), grassroots workers and adolescent...

Cambodia’s gender policy: An analysis of women and girls’ education strategies under the Neary Rattanak IV Strategic Plan (2014-2018)

In 1999, Cambodia’s Ministry of Women’s Affairs established the first Neary Rattanak Strategic Plan to build Cambodian women’s capacity by offering them more opportunities and access to education. From early 1998 to 2017, Cambodia showed good progress in increasing girls’ school enrolment. Later in 2018, the final year of Neary Rattanak IV’s implementation, the percentage of girls’ enrolment in Cambodia’s primary schools declined. This study analyzes the implementation of education strategies in Neary Rattanak IV by using the seven steps of Mintrom’s (2012) policy implementation analysis to examine whether the strategies have been well implemented. From the analysis, it seems that the education strategies have indeed been successful in their implementation and have reached their targets. However, the study has discovered some potential obstacles and shortcomings that the government may have to act upon through its education and gender policy. Those shortcomings and difficulties, including traditional norms, discrimination against women in employment, and safety issues, have impacted the implementation of the education of women and girls in the Neary Rattanak IV Strategic Plan.

AWARENESS OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT A GOVERNMENT SCHOOL, CHITWAN, NEPAL

Background: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life during which pubertal development and sexual maturation take place. Menstrual hygiene and management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Good menstrual hygiene is crucial for health, education and dignity of adolescent girls. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among 150 adolescent girls aged 12-17 years studying in grades 9 and 10 of a government school, Chitwan. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of the respondents were 12-14 years old with the mean age of menarche at 12.5± 1.14 years, 52% of respondents had adequate knowledge and 61.3% of them had good practice on menstrual hygiene. Statistically significant association was found between level of practice and mother’s education status (p<0.05). Correlation between knowledge and practice score was poorly positive (r-0.087) but statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Majority of respondents had adequate knowledge and adequate practice on menstrual hygiene. For the maintenance of good reproductive health girl child should be made more aware about menstrual health and hygiene through the campaign and education programs.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON EARLY MARRIAGE IN PAKISTAN: IMPACT ON EDUCATION AND HEALTH

The purpose of this research is to reveal the impact on education and health the one who has been got married at very young age. Early marriage is still a challenge issue in developing countries especially in Southern Asia countries. Early marriage defines as a marriage in which a child is putting into marriage before the age of 18. Globally, according to UNICEF, 12 million girls marry before the age of 18 each year. If sustainable action is not taken seriously now, more than 150 million girls will become child brides by 2030. Although child marriage affects the health of both sexes, girls are either physically or mentally directly influenced on their health and also are deprived on their education because they are to leave from the school, the UNFPA’s report estimates that due to early marriage, the students of secondary level have decreased which is around 3.4% in 2017, is called a human rights violation. A million girls are suffering not only related to physical issues, but they are also making victims by double burden by stereotype practice which is totally destroying young girls' life. This paper talks about the element of culture factors behind the practice of Child Marriage that some culture exists in Pakistan which continues to perpetuate by practicing early marriage in most communities due to discrimination and inequality amongst boys and girls. Marriage customs vary in culture to culture and region to region. In Pakistan, child Marriage is exercised through old tradition such as “Watta Satta” means that girls are exchanged between two families, and “Pait Lekhi” means that a girl is engaged before her birth. In Pakistan, Marriage in nearest or distance relatives is very common which causes early marriage and sometimes not given the importance of education for girls. It is said that early marriage provides a girl’s honor and keeps pure. It will also be with the hope to examine the health implications on the life of the children.

Economic consequences of rapid population growth in Nigeria

Nigeria is currently the world's sixth most populous country. However, empirical research on the impact of this growing population on economic growth is divided. This study adds to existing research on the economic effects of Nigeria's rapid population growth. This study used a qualitative research design because it relied on secondary data gathered from books, journal papers, and online sources. Its content was examined in light of the objectives of the study, and Malthusian theory serves as the study's foundation. The majority of Nigeria's development issues, according to the study's findings, can be directly or indirectly linked to the country's rapid population growth. This study thus urges, among other things, the need for an all-encompassing mechanism that will address issues of conflict and insecurity, migration and displacement, access to education for girls, and proper regulation of infrastructure development, as well as the undiluted conservative ideology whereby many, especially in Nigeria, see population growth as the key to control of political power and resources that should be thrown away in favor of a more effective and functional system.