Giovanni De Research Articles

FPGA vs. ASIC for low power applications

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) are becoming more and more popular and are used in many applications. However, it is well known that the performance is limited comparing to full ASIC implementation, but for many applications the speed requirements fit the ones provided already by existing FPGA circuits. Power consumption seems to be one of the most important limiting factor and so far it is in favour of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) [Varghese Georges, Jan M. Rabaey, Low-Energy FPGA, Architecture and Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001; Tadahiro Kuroda, Power-Aware Electronics: Challenges and Opportunities, Tutorial at FTFC 2003, Paris, May 2003]. In this paper, we will present results obtained by characterizing various circuits implemented using both FPGA and ASIC technologies in order to determine the power consumption ratio and evaluate the efficiency of the power optimization techniques such as clock gating [Amara AMARA, Philippe Royannez, VHDL for Low Power, (Chapter 11), Low Power Electronics Design, Edited by Christian Piguet, CRC Press 2005; Luca Benini, Giovanni De Micheli, Dynamic Power Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998].We have started a study in order to compare the power consumption of two Intellectual Property (IP), a counter circuit and an image transform circuit. Both circuits have been implemented using FPGA Family circuits from ALTERA and Hardware Copy of the circuits which are close to the ASIC implementation. A full ASIC implementation using UMC 0.13μm have be also characterized in terms of power.FPGA power consumption estimation flow is based on ALTERA tools (QuartusII) that provide accurate overall power consumption for a set of input stimuli, on various targets: FPGA families and Hardware Copy. ASIC power consumption estimation flow is based on Synopsys Power tools.

Fronimo de Vincenzo Galilei. By Philippe Canguilhem. pp. 235. Centre d’Études Supérieures de la Renaissance: Collection ‘Épitome musical’. (Minerve, Paris and Tours, 2001, €40. ISBN 2-86931-101-X.)

Best known as a member of Giovanni de’ Bardi’s Florentine Camerata and a champion of ancient music, Vincenzo Galilei was principally a lutenist and a practical musician. This is one of the pervasive themes that shape Philippe Canguilhem’s recent study of Galilei’s Fronimo. Unlike his famous and polemical Dialogo della musica antica et della moderna (1581), Fronimo is chiefly a practical book designed to teach lutenists how to intabulate vocal music, and to instruct them in many other aspects of music theory. It also contains a rich anthology of madrigals for performance and study. First published in Venice in 1568, Fronimo was reissued in a revised second edition in 1584. In this first monograph on Fronimo, Canguilhem demonstrates that the book provides a complete musical education for the lutenist and contends that it is comparable only to Zarlino’s Istitutioni harmoniche among the counterpoint treatises of the second half of the sixteenth century (p. 86). Undoubtedly one of the most substantial Renaissance lute treatises and the most detailed account of lute intabulation practice, Fronimo reflects the practices of the best lutenists and teachers of the period. Organized in six chapters, Canguilhem’s book explores Galilei’s professional life and musical development, the two editions of Fronimo and the repertory it contains, Galilei’s instructions on intabulating, the links between intabulations and fantasias, and the influence of the treatise. Canguilhem’s primary focus is on Galilei as lutenist and teacher, and even though Fronimo’s contributions to broader issues of music theory are not explored, the book adds a new dimension to the commonly projected image of Galilei and is a significant contribution to the study of the neglected field of sixteenth-century intabulations.

Successful Ablation of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) with Low Grade Dysplasia (LGD) Using Barrx Bipolar Balloon Device: Preliminary Results of the Ablation of Intestinal Metaplasia with LGD (AIM-LDG) Trial

Successful Ablation of Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) with Low Grade Dysplasia (LGD) Using Barrx Bipolar Balloon Device: Preliminary Results of the Ablation of Intestinal Metaplasia with LGD (AIM-LDG) Trial Virender K. Sharma, Roxane McLaughlin, Patrick Dean, Giovanni De Petris, Michele M. Moirano, David E. Fleischer Aims: To evaluate the safety, tolerability & histological clearance of BE with LGD after ablation with the BARRx device. Methods: Prospective trial in patients with 2-6 cm of LGD on 2 EGD in previous 2 yrs, confirmed by 2 pathologists. The BARRx device consists of a bipolar electrode array encircling an esophageal balloon. All patients received 12 J/cm at 300W. All patients received lansoprazole 30 mg bid. Tolerability was assessed with 0-100 VAS for periand 2-hr post-procedure discomfort, & 14-day symptom diary. EGD at 1, 3, 6 mo with 4-quadrant, q 1 cm biopsies (bx) using maximum capacity forcep; interpreted by a single blinded pathologist. Outcomes were clearance of LGD & BE. Complete Response (CR) Z all bx negative & Partial Response (PR) Z 50-99% bx negative for the outcomes(LGD or IM). Patients with 3 mo CR will proceed to 6 mo EGDCbx. Patients with LGD or BE at 3 mo will be re-treated at 4 mo and undergo 6 mo EGDCbx. Results: Five of 10 planned patients (4 male, mean age 66 yrs, range 54-76, median BE 5 cm) have enrolled. Median procedure time Z 26 min (range 19-37). Ablation time Z 1 sec/3 cm treatment segment. All patients tolerated the procedure well, with low discomfort scores on the exit survey and 14-day diary (median scores !20 out of 100 for all outcomes, except sore throat, median 40/100 resolved by day 6). At 1-mo EGD, all patients had complete healing. EGD was normal in all but 1 patient (mild asymptomatic scarring at proximal edge of ablation zone). One patient had a small focus of Barrett with HGD at 1 and 3-mo that was presumably missed at enrollment (sampling error). He was excluded after 3-month follow-up and offered standard therapy. There were no ‘‘buried glands’’ in 94 follow-up bx. A single treatment resulted in 4 (80%) patients with CR of LGD, & 2 (40%) with CR of BE & 3 (60%) PR of BE (ITT analysis). Conclusion: Ablation of BE with LGD using the BARRx bipolar balloon device creates a circumferential ablation without significant complications or buried glands. The CR of LGD after a single 12 J/cm treatment with an intentional overlap is 80%. Complete ablation of BE (without LGD) was achieved in 40% while remaining 60% had only minute residual foci of BE. Patients with persistent disease will undergo a 2 treatment. The pilot data suggests that the BARRx device can safely and effectively eliminate LGD and BE. Larger trials are planned to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing the progression of LGD to HGD and/or cancer.

Guest Editorial: Special Section on On-Chip Networks

AStechnology scaling enables the integration of billions of transistors ona chip, economiesof scale isprompting the move toward parallel chip architectures with both application-specific systems-on-a-chip (SoC) and general-purpose microprocessors leveraging multiple processing cores on a single chip for better performance at manageable design costs.As theseparallel chiparchitectures scale in size, on-chip networks are emerging as the de facto communication architecture, replacing dedicated interconnects and shared buses.At the same time, tightdesignconstraints in the formof ever-increasing chip-crossing interconnect delays and power consumption are reaching criticality. On-chip networks have todeliver good latency-throughputperformance in the faceof very tight power and area budgets. The interplay of these two trends makes on-chip network design one of the most challenging and significant design problems system designers are facing in the near term. New parallel chip architectures bring about unique delay and bandwidth requirements for on-chip networks that, in many ways, are substantially different from traditional multichip/multiboard interconnection networks found in multiprocessors and other “macro” system architectures. The exact requirements depend on the intended application, and need to be met with judicious use of precious silicon real-estate under a tight power budget capped by battery life, power delivery limits, and/or thermal characteristics. What’s more, the impact on design and verification effort as well as fault resilience must also be considered. While the computer industry within the past decade has begun introducing on-chip network architectures based on multiple buses (such as ARM’s AMBA, IBM’s CoreConnect, Sonic’s Smart Interconnect IP) and, more recently, point-to-point switch fabrics (such as CrossBow’s 2D mesh Xfabric and Fulcrum’s crossbar-centric Nexus), no standards have emerged and none are on the horizon. “Which on-chip network architecture best increases chip functionality while not negatively impacting achievable clock frequency, communication latency, bandwidth, flexibility, design/verification effort, and fault resiliency?” remains an open question. In this special section, we showcase several major research thrusts in the on-chip networks area. The selected papers can be classified by their targeted chip system: application-specific embedded SoCs versus general-purpose microprocessors. In the former, the availability of application knowledge makes it feasible and effective to tailor the on-chip network architecture toward the particular application(s) characteristics. In addition, as design time for embedded SoCs critically impacts time-to-market, streamlining and optimizing the design process of the onchip networks in such systems for flexibility, reuse, and speed is crucial. On the other hand, for general-purpose microprocessors, the break from traditional single-core architecture opens up the architectural design space, which spawns a different set of requirements (some more relaxed, others more restrictive) for on-chip networks, motivating new network architectures and studies. In both types of systems, on-chip network designers have to grapple with very tight area, power, and wire delay constraints. The first two papers target application-specific chip systems. “Joint Application Mapping/Interconnect Synthesis Techniques for Embedded Chip-Scale Multiprocessors,” by Neal K. Bambha and Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya focuses on a specific phase of the synthesis design flow of on-chip networks for application-specific SoCs: the topology mapping phase. Application knowledge is leveraged here for cooptimization of application mapping, along with topology selection, allowing for irregular topologies. The synthesis algorithm proposed is based on the metric of network hops. “NoC Synthesis Flow for Customized Domain Specific Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip,” by Davide Bertozzi, Antoine Jalabert, Srinivasan Murali, Rutuparna Tamhankar, Stergios Stergio, Luca Benini, and Giovanni De Micheli proposes a design process that provides a complete synthesis flow of on-chip networks. It starts from application specifications, continues through the mapping of the application onto topologies and selection of a topology, and culminates with the synthesis of router microarchitectures and simulation of the final network design that allows for further design-space exploration. Area and power budgets given by users guide the synthesis process toward delay and reliability targets. The work demonstrates how the application-specific nature of a class of SoCs allows designers to optimize the on-chip network architecture for the application suites. In addition, automating the design process leads to the realization of flexible network architectures that can be parameterized and fine-tuned for a wide range of applications. Both papers demonstrate the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 16, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2005 97

Reform before the Reformation: Vincenzo Querini and the Religious Renaissance in Italy (review)

Reform before the Reformation. Vincenzo Querini and the Religious Renaissance in Italy. By Stephen D. Bowd [Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought, Volume LXXXVII.] (Leiden: Brill. 2002. Pp. xvi, 267. euro74; US $86.00.) When one thinks of reform in a sixteenth-century religious context, in most cases Martin Lutherjohn Calvin, and other Protestant reformers come to mind. Stephen D. Bowd in this well-written, well-researched, thoughtful book has presented the question of reform in a different context: Catholic reform that preceded Luther, Calvin, Munster, and Zwingli. The works of John O'Malley, John C. Olin, Elisabeth Gleason as well as Paolo Simoncelli, Massimo Firpo, Silvana Seidel-Menchi, Silvio Tramontin, Paolo Prodi, Ottavia Niccoli, and many others have been suggestive of the direction which Bowd has pursued in this excellent study. Bowd's focus is upon Vincenzo Querini and his friends, Tommaso Giustiniani and Gasparo Contarini, all Venetian patricians who pursued a spiritual journey as they served the Serenisstma. In the strict sense this book is not a biography of Querini, as the author notes, although Querini is the major figure in the pursuit of reform of the Roman Catholic Church before Luther. This work presents the reader with far more than biographical facts. Through the details of Querini's life (1478-1514) the reader is brought into the world of humanism, scholarship, and politics in the sixteenth century. Bowd demonstrates clearly how the specific aspects of Querini's life are related to his spiritual search and to the larger question of reform. In a carefully argued introduction the author sets forth the whole plan of the book. It was not the dire circumstances in which Venice found herself after her defeat at Agnadello by the assembled forces of the League of Cambrai that impelled Querini to seek the solace of the monastery. As early as 1501 Querini and Giustiniani had pledged to be chaste. The choice was not easy for Querini as he struggled with the reconciliation of chastity and civic life and duty. It was not despair with earthly life, however, which was the basis for his desire to withdraw from the world, but rather a profound love of Jesus Christ. Querini followed his friend Giustiniani into the monastery at Camaldoli in 1511. Gasparo Contarini warned Querini of the anger that his decision had evoked among some of the Venetian patriciate who accused him of disloyalty in abandoning his city in her time of need. The author gives an interesting account of the financial difficulties of Querini as he prepared to enter the monastery. The circumstances of many Venetian patricians were so extreme in 1511-1512 after the crushing defeat at Agnadello in 1509 that it was often necessary to sell their personal effects including clothing. In spite of the difficulties Querini and Giustiniani tried to draw as many of their friends as possible to Camaldoli. Gasparo Contarini, on the other hand, hoped for salvation as well as tranquility in the city. Dowd gives a balanced view of monasticism and monastic reform, the intellectual catalyst in the early Middle Ages; by the sixteenth century, however, the health of monastic life was less encouraging. Querini wanted to reform the organization of the Order which he had set out to do even before his ordination, by calling together a chapter meeting in Florence, much to the dismay of Pietro Dolfin and Francesco Soderini, protector of the Order. The hermits, aided by Giovanni de' Medici, the apostolic legate concerned with the Order, quickly obtained permission to summon a chapter meeting to consider ... union of monasteries into one (p. 115). Dolfin and Soderini were successful in thwarting the plans of Giustiniani and Querini. On july 4,1513, however, Pope Leo X granted a privilege which allowed sweeping reforms in the Camaldolese order. all of the houses were to be brought into one body under San Michele di Murano and would be administered by prelates. …

Review of the " Chirurgia" of Giovanni de Vigo: estimate of his position in the history of surgery.

Giovanni de Vigo, who was born in at Rapallo, Italy, lived in the early Renaissance period (1450-1525). In 1503, De Vigo became the personal surgeon to Pope Julius II. He wrote a surgical book, " Practica Copiosa in Arte Chirurgia," which was completed in 1514 and published in Latin. It was translated into English by Richard Traheron and printed by Edward Whytchurch in 1543. Vigo's " Chirurgia" consists of nine books ranging from a consideration of anatomy necessary for a surgeon, to sections on abscesses, wounds, ulcers, benign and malignant tumors, fractures and dislocations, pharmaceuticals, ointments and plasters, as well as sections on dentistry, exercise, diet, syphilis, among others. De Vigo introduces a novel approach for treating mandible dislocations and describes a trephine he invented, as well as a number of new instruments. Examination of his surgical piece demonstrates that he had a broad spectrum of knowledge in surgery based in part on the ancient Greek and Arabic medical literature but mainly on his personal experience. Giovanni de Vigo contributed significantly to the revival of medicine in the sixteenth century, and he can be considered as a bridge between Greek medicine of antiquity, Arabic medicine, and the Renaissance.

Day Programs in Italy for Persons with Severe Mental Illness

Translation © 2002 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the original Italian. Translated by Stephen Naron. The authors are affiliated with the Coordinamento Nazionale Centri Diurni in Psichiatria. Dr. Maone's address is: Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma/ A, via Sabrata, 12, 00198 Rome, Italy. E-mail: maone@tin.it. This study was encouraged and made possible by the invaluable contribution of members of the Executive Committee for the National Coordination of Psychiatric Day Centers, in the persons of President Giorgio De Isabella, Past President Angelo Cocchi, Vice President Rolando Paterniti, and Secretary Bruno Gentile. Other indispensable contributions were made by the Regional Consultants Patrizia De Rosa and Anselmo Palma (Piemonte), Emanuela Cafiso (Lombardia), Daniela Pisani (Canton Ticino), Daniela Pietropaoli (Liguria), Franco Giubilini (Emilia Romagna), Mario Pettinelli (Marche), Nubia Gomez and Giovanna Le Divelec (Toscana), Paola Carozza and Gianni Carusi (Abruzzo), Rosa Convertini (Puglia), Giuseppe D'Aquino (Campania), Antonio Virzi (Sicilia), Sandro Tagliamonte (Calabria), and the staff at the Borromeo Day Center in Rome. Our particular thanks go to Giovanni de Girolamo for his support and invaluable suggestions.

Discussion of “Impact of Turbidity Currents on Reservoir Sedimentation” by Giovanni De Cesare, Anton Schleiss, and Felix Hermann

Discussion of “Impact of Turbidity Currents on Reservoir Sedimentation” by Giovanni De Cesare, Anton Schleiss, and Felix Hermann

Closure to “Impact of Turbidity Currents on Reservoir Sedimentation” by Giovanni De Cesare, Anton Schleiss, and Felix Hermann

Note: [354] Reference LCH-ARTICLE-2002-008doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:6(645) Record created on 2007-04-24, modified on 2016-08-08

Within and without some Collections of North Italian Court Poetry of the Fifteenth Century

a comparative survey of the coordinates of time and space in three collections of poems originating in courts of the Emilia-Romagna- Marches area is not without interest. The collections are the versi d’amore of Giovanni de’ Mantelli di Canobio, known as Tartaglia (and others) ; the rime of Francesco Palmario of Ancona, and those of Raniero degli Almerici of Pesaro (and others). The coordinate of time comprises the internal chronological arch spanned by the compositions in terms of content; t...

Russellian Propositions

Reviews 181 RUSSELLIAN PROPOSITIONS GIOVANNI DE CARVALHO Rua Adriano, 102/801 cob 20735-060 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil GIOVANNIDUARTE@UOL.COM.BR Guillermo Hurtado. Proposiciones Russellianas. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional AutonoIlla de Mexico, 1998. Pp. 337. $120.00 Mexican pesos. G iven its scope and the amount of problems with which it deals, this bO.:Jk is not an easy one. Hurtado assigned himself the job ofscrutinizing an old project Russell had plit aside under severe criticism from Wittgenstein. I'm talking about the 1913 manuscript of Theory ofKnowledge. Wittgenstein showed Russell that the theory of belief he presented in that manuscript was inconsistent . Hurtado was particularly intrigued by the fact that Russell was paralysed by Wittgenstein's famous objection. The problem was a hard one, he admitted, bur it could be resolved, given enough effort. Then why didn't Russell resolve it? Hurtado's inquietude led him to proceed with an investigation, which resulted in the writing of this book. The book provides a completely new and systematic account of Russell's early philosophy by focusing on its cornerstones: Russell's ideas of predication, propositional function and the proposition. Hurtado claims to have fullyexamined what Russell said about those subjects during the years 1900 through 1913, which are considered his most productive years. It turns out that these conceptions are far more profound and obscure than is currently supposed. His task was to examine them under a new light. The book has a hybrid nature, in which historical facts are mixed together with Hurtado's own philosophical insights into Russell's ideas. In spite of Hurtado's efforts to separate things, this way of exposing Russell's viewpoint in contrast to his own, in my opinion, may bring some confusion, and at times it is hard to tell whether he is elucidating what Russell said or stating his own 182 Reviews ideas about it. Hurtado divides the book into three parts, dealing respectively with (1) relations and predication; (2) denotation and propositional functions; and (3) descriptions, logical types and beliefs. In the epilogue he proposes what he claims to be his own contribution to "a neo-Russellian theory of predication". The first part of the book deals with relations and predication. It is currently accepted that Russell vigorously rejected the idea that all relations are internal. But Hurtado shows that neither Russell nor the idealists were very clear about what an internal relation is. It is against this background that Russell's doctrines of external relations must be understood. And what about Russell's conception of predication? Here Hurtado sees Russell subject to apparently antagonistic intuitions. On pages 84-5 of The Principles ofMathematics, Russell supports the intuition that the copula is not a relation but has a relational nature. In Chapter IV of the same book he says that predication is logically a relation but is not a relation. This means that Russell recognizes the relational nature ofpredication but cannot accommodate this view in the framework of his ontology. The problem remains offinding a substratum for predication, something that relates without being a relation. In the epilogue Hurtado proposes a way of doing it. The second part of the book deals with denotation and propositional functions . Hurtado is particularly intrigued by the fact that Russell's positions regarding propositional functions have always been ambivalent. It is true, he points out, that on occasions, in the Principles, Russell held the position that we have to take the notion of propositional function as primitive, but Hurtado thinks this position must be understood in the context of the Russellian logicist project in the Principles. To the specific ends of that project (mainly to reduce mathematics to formal logic without the theory of types), yes, we have to take the notion of propositional function as primitive. On the other hand, Russell also said many interesting things about propositional functions that go far beyond the necessities of the logicist project. If, according to Hurtado, we can find in the Principles the elements for a theory of propositional functions, then why did Russell say that we have to take this notion as primitive? Hurtado's interpretation is, in his own words, that "maybe Russell...

Intorno a Locatelli: Studi in occasione del tricentenario della nascita di Pietro Antonio Locatelli (1695-1764)

Intorno a Locatelli: Studi in occasione del tricentenario della nascita di Pietro Antonio Locatelli (1695-1764). Edited by Albert Dunning. (Speculum musicae, I. 1.) Lucca: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 1995. [2 vols. (xiv, 1250 p.) ISBN 88-7096-143-5. L250.000.00.] This massive two-volume collection of twenty substantial essays on subjects concerned directly or obliquely with Pietro Antonio Locatelli constitutes the proceedings of a congress held in 1995, presumably at Cremona, to commemorate the three-hundredth anniversary of the composer's birth. Most of the contributors were young Italian scholars. Many were students of the volume's editor, Albert Dunning, at the University of Pavia. Three of the essays by non-Italians have been translated into Italian in order to create a unified work. The boxed set has been lavishly produced under the sponsorship of the Fondazione Pietro Antonio Locatelli of Amsterdam and Cremona, which is also underwriting the Locatelli complete works edition beaded by Dunning, the leading Locatelli specialist of our time. Among the essays tangential to Locatelli is the very long one (128 pages) that opens the collection, on musical patronage in Venice during the early eighteenth century, by Alessandra Bernardi, essentially a revision of her 1990 dissertation at the University of Pavia completed under Dunning's direction. It includes a comprehensive overview of musical activity in that city, set within the context of its political, social, cultural, religious, and economic institutions. It draws upon unpublished diaries, travelers' accounts, administrative records, archives of public bodies, and literary and musical sources. Much of it is organized according to category of patron, and contains new information relating to the careers of Antonio Vivaldi, Tomaso Albinoni, Francesco and Michele Gasparini, Giovanni De Porta, Giuseppe Boniventi, Carlo Tessarini, Giorgio Gentili, and Alessandro and Benedetto Marcello. Similar to this essay in originality and scope is Franco Piperno's account of musical events, patronage, and institutions during the first half of the eighteenth century. Piperno, an associate professor of musicology at the University of Florence, concludes with a precise chronological table listing known performances of operas, oratorios, cantatas, serenades, and other items of musical spectacle in Rome from 1710 to 1725, with citations of primary and secondary sources. Likewise tangential to Locatelli but of undoubted value are Margherita Canale Degrassi's essay on the purposes and performance practices of Giuseppe Tartini's violin concertos, Galliano Ciliberti's study of the Christmas concerto in the eighteenth century, Stefano La Via's exposition of new documents relating to the musical patronage of Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome (1700-1740), Paola Pozzi's catalogue of Italian concertos from the first half of the eighteenth century preserved in the elector's library in Dresden, and Giovanni Sgaria's life and works of the estimable Roman composer Giovanni Mossi (ca. 1680-1742), this one, too, a Pavia dissertation supervised by Dunning. Giacomo Fornari's discussion of the decline of instrumental music in Italy during the eighteenth century confronts a very large and fascinating problem, probably beyond the reach of such a young scholar. His essay relies heavily on quotations from travel accounts, treatises, and music journals of the eighteenth century to establish, basically, that opera overwhelmed Italian musical culture of that period and that, given the abysmal condition of the Italian economy under foreign domination, many aspiring musicians migrated to Northern Europe, where there was a market for instrumental music that did not exist in their homeland. Consequently. Italian instrumental music, although extremely influential during the first half of the century, was essentially an aspect of emigrant culture. as Carl Dablhaus called it. Left unexplored is exactly why economic hardship in Italy favored opera production over instrumental music and why, in some parts of the peninsula, instrumental music flourished nonetheless. …

The Room of Maps at Caprarola, 1573-75

This essay interprets the astronomical and geographical maps in the Villa Farnese at Caprarola in terms of the ideology of its patron, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. The decoration—programmed by Cardinal Farnese, Fulvio Orsini, and Orazio Trigini de' Marii, and executed by Giovanni de' Vecchi, Raffaellino da Reggio, and Giovanni Antonio Vanosino da Varese—is read as a sign system constituting meaning within biblical history and the major discourses of the Counter-Reformation, including the nature and claims of the Christian Commonwealth, challenges to papal authority and Church doctrine, and the conflicts of interest between the papacy and family dynasties.

Estradiol regulation of mRNA expression of stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunit in white adipose tissue from female rats.

Adipose tissue has been recognized as a major peripheral metabolic target of estrogens. The present study was addressed to examine in female rats whether differences in the adipose tissue mRNA expression of alpha-subunit of stimulatory (Gs) and/or inhibitory (Gi) G-proteins exist between intact and ovariectomized rats, the latter with or without estradiol or testosterone treatment. The fat cell membrane protein amount of Gs and Gi alpha-subunit also was examined. All these parameters were evaluated in parametrial fat tissue samples obtained from 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats. A group of rats (N = 20) was investigated for evaluation of mRNA expression and another group (N = 20) for quantification of the protein amount of Gs and Gi alpha-subunit. Each group was represented by five control rats (sham-operated), five ovariectomized (OVX) rats, five ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (OVXE) and five ovariectomized rats treated with testosterone (OVXT). Ribonucleic acid extracted from adipose tissue and analyzed by northern blot with G alpha s, G alpha i-3 cRNA probes revealed three major bands with estimated sizes of 1.9, 3.5 and 2.35 kb, respectively. Messenger RNA quantitative analysis, by a solution of hybridization RNAase protection assay on total nucleic acid samples, showed that the amount of G alpha i-1 and G alpha i-2 mRNA was similar within the different groups, whereas the G alpha s mRNA was significantly less abundant (p < 0.01) in OVX and OVXT rats than in control or OVXE rats. No difference in G alpha s mRNA content was found between control and OVXE rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of (.mu.-bipyrimidine)(cyanato)copper(II) and -(thiocyanato)copper(II) complexes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of (.mu.-bipyrimidine)(cyanato)copper(II) and -(thiocyanato)copper(II) complexesMiguel Julve, Michel Verdaguer, Giovanni De Munno, Jose Antonio Real, and Giuseppe BrunoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 6, 795–802Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00058a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (896 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

No cell is an island: a personal view on the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis : Giovanni de Gaetano, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy

No cell is an island: a personal view on the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis : Giovanni de Gaetano, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy

Aromatic and benzylic carbon-hydrogen activation. Synthesis and structural characterization of iridium 2-phenylpyridine and 8-methylquinoline complexes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic and benzylic carbon-hydrogen activation. Synthesis and structural characterization of iridium 2-phenylpyridine and 8-methylquinoline complexesFrancesco Neve, Mauro Ghedini, Giovanni De Munno, and Alessandra CrispiniCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 4, 1143–1148Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/om00050a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (750 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

A history of wine in America from the beginnings to prohibition

The Vikings called North America Vinland, the land of wine. Giovanni de Verrazzano, the Italian explorer who first described the grapes of the New World, was sure that would yield excellent wines. And when the English settlers found grapes growing so thickly that they covered the ground down to the very seashore, they concluded that all the world the like abundance is not to be found. Thus, from the very beginning the promise of America was, in part, the alluring promise of wine.How that promise was repeatedly baffled, how its realization was gradually begun, and how at last it has been triumphantly fulfilled is the story told in this book. It is a story that touches on nearly every section of the United States and includes the whole range of American society from the founders to the latest immigrants. Germans in Pennsylvania, Swiss in Georgia, Minorcans in Florida, Italians in Arkansas, French in Kansas, Chinese in California - all contributed to the domestication of Bacchus in the New World. So too did innumerable individuals, institutions, and organizations.Prominent politicians, obscure farmers, eager amateurs, sober scientists: these and all the other kinds and conditions of American men and women figure in the story. The history of wine in America is, in many ways, the history of American origins and of American enterprise in microcosm. While much of that history has been lost to sight, especially after Prohibition, the recovery of the record has been the goal of many investigators over the years, and the results are here brought together for the first time.

The Problem of Apodictic Proof in Early Seventeenth-Century Mechanics. Galileo, Guevara, and the Jesuits

The ArgumentThe argument developed herein, a countertheme to the Merton thesis, is that the ideal of science pursued by Galileo and his contemporaries in Italy would be unaffected by their Catholic faith if it could achieve apodictic proof in the subject of its investigations, in which case it would attain truth – the very goal sought by that faith. Unfortunately such proof was hard to come by in early seventeenth-century mechanics. A case study is proposed to show Galileo's difficulty demonstrating the tensile strength of columns in mathematical physics on the basis of improper suppositions, contrasting these with the suppositions of a contemporary, Giovanni de Guevara. The case study casts new light on the subject of Galileo's atomism and its relation to the Eucharist, refuting Redondi's claim that this was the real motive behind Galileo's trial in 1633. A further lesson relating to the Merton thesis can also be drawn, namely, that while challenges to science from religious orthodoxy may appear as temporary obstacles, in the long run they are an aid to science in its efforts to bring mankind closer to the truth.

Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of .mu.-2,2'-bipyrimidine-N,N',N'',N'''-copper(II) complexes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of .mu.-2,2'-bipyrimidine-N,N',N'',N'''-copper(II) complexesMiguel Julve, Giovanni De Munno, Giuseppe Bruno, and Michel VerdaguerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 18, 3160–3165Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00291a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (700 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts