Giomer Restorations Research Articles

Evaluation of Giomer Using Eighth Generation Bonding Agent and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Restoration in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions.

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) raise a considerable restorative challenge for the dentist in bonding, as adhesion is not as strong and predictable as enamel bonding. A critical factor for restorative success is the selection of restorative material. Clinicians have tried many restorative materials and techniques to obtain the best performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome of a Giomer and Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restoration in NCCL using united states public health service (USPHS) criteria at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients from age 25 - 50 years having non-carious cervical lesions on both the sides and requiring restorations were screened. 20 patients were selected and further divided into 2 groups using simple random sampling technique. Group A- Beautifil II restoration using G-Premio bond (n = 10) and Group B- Ketac N100 restoration (n = 10). Restorations were done according to manufacturer's instructions and consequently evaluated at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months using the USPHS criteria for marginal discolouration, marginal integrity, surface texture, colour match, gross fracture and post-operative sensitivity. Giomer restorations showed better results than RMGIC. There was decrease in alpha ratings in both the study groups i.e., Giomer and RMGIC from 6 to 12 months. The overall findings suggest that both Giomer and RMGIC gave satisfactory clinical results when used to restore non-carious cervical lesions. Both the materials can successfully be used since there was no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcome.

Cervical Microleakage in Giomer Restorations: An In Vitro Study

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of different composite placement techniques on gingival microleakage of giomer restorations. Sixty class II preparations were created in 30 extracted molar teeth with cervical margins 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. In group I, teeth were restored with open sandwich technique using Beautifil II and Beautifil II Flow. In group II, teeth were restored with snowplow technique using Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow. In group III, teeth were restored with oblique increment technique using Beautifil II. After thermocycling and immersion in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were sectioned and dye penetration was evaluated. Statistically significant reduction in microleakage was found along the gingival walls in snowplow restorations compared to sandwich restoration and oblique increment restorations. Microleakage was reduced along the gingival walls in snowplow restorations. Microleakage was significantly lower in the snowplow restorations.

In Vivo Longevity of giomer as compared to other adhesive restorative materials: A systematic review

In vivo longevity of Giomer as compared to other adhesive restorative materials. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, Google Scholar, and manual search using College library resources were searched from January 2005 up to and including September 30, 2018, to identify appropriate studies. A total of 277 articles were identified through the database. Full-text thorough reading of 5 articles were selected and were assessed for eligibility. Further, these five articles were included in the study. At 1-year Ketac Nano and resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations were better retained in noncarious cervical lesions, while superior color match and surface finish were observed with Giomer restorations. At 6 years, the HEMA-containing Self Etch adhesive Giomer restorations showed a rather high failure frequency.

Effects of Different Disinfection Methods on Microleakage of Giomer Restorations.

Objectives The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of different disinfection methods on microleakage of Class V Giomer restorations. Materials and Methods Class V cavity preparation was performed on 40 sound permanent central incisors. Class V cavities (3 x 2 x 2 mm) were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the selected teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups, each to be disinfected with a different method: Group 1—Disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine, Group 2—Disinfection with 6% sodium hypochlorite, Group 3—Disinfection with erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser, Group 4—Control (distilled water). BeautiBond adhesive and Beautifil II Giomer restoration materials were applied to all surfaces of the cavities after the disinfection of all groups. The teeth were thermocycled 5,000 times (5–55°C), and then were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue for 24 hours. After rinsing, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and dye penetration was assessed under a stereomicroscope (40x) to evaluate microleakage. Statistical Analysis The results were statistically evaluated by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results Statistically, no significant difference was found between all four groups ( p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage scores of study groups ( p > 0.05). Also, the microleakage scores of the gingival margins were significantly higher than the incisal margins ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions Application of the different cavity disinfectants has no effect on the microleakage of Class V Giomer restorations.

Innovative Adhesive Systems for Dental Giomer Restorations

The aim of this work was to reduce microleakage in giomer restorations by using innovative materials in both adhesive systems and light-cured dental giomer. Two adhesive systems with different primers were investigated. The innovative compounds in the primers were acrylic acid (AA)/itaconic acid (IA) copolymer modified with methacrylic groups and AA/IA/N-acryloyl-L-leucine copolymer grafted with methacrylic groups. In addition, the investigated new giomer G contains a pre-reacted glass based on the latter copolymer. The commercial Beautifil II giomer and the FL-Bond II adhesive system were used for comparison. Microleakage was evaluated by determining the scores and percentages of dye penetration lengths after thermocycling of a series of light-cured dental giomer restorations performed on 42 premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. A lower microleakage value was recorded for the adhesive system containing the AA/IA/N-acryloyl-L-leucine copolymer grafted with methacrylic groups than for the commercial adhesive, which was in substantial agreement with SEM and AFM investigations. In this case, remarkable dentin sealing and a strong adhesion at the giomer restoration�tooth interface was observed, and the innovative adhesive was proven to be promising for dental applications.

Influence of Shrinkage and Viscosity of Flowable Composite Liners on Cervical Microleakage of Class II Restorations: A Micro-CT Analysis.

This study determined the influence of shrinkage and viscosity of flowable composite liners on the cervical microleakage of Class II restorations using micro-CT. Seven composites of varying viscosities were selected and included five giomers (Shofu Beautifil II [BF], Flow Plus F00 and F03 [F00 and F03], Flow F02 and F10 [F02 and F10]) and 2 nano-filled composites (3M-ESPE Filtek Z350 [Z350] and Filtek Z350 Flowable [Z350F]). Polymerization shrinkage (n=7) was assessed with the Acuvol volumetric shrinkage analyzer while complex viscosity was determined with the advanced rheometric expansion system at 25°C. Standardized Class II restorations incorporating 1-mm horizontal layers of different flowable liners and 3-mm oblique layers of BF or Z350 were subjected to a silver nitrate test for 24 hours and examined using micro-CT. Microleakage was determined at 0.1-mm intervals from the buccal to lingual surfaces providing 30 sites per specimen and scored accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed with the one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rho correlation at a significance level of p<0.05. Mean volumetric shrinkage ranged from 5.33±0.17% to 2.35±0.02% for F02 to Z350, respectively. The flowable materials had significantly higher shrinkage than did their sculptable counterparts (BF and Z350). Complex viscosities ranged from 9.65 to 4.20 (Z350 and F10, respectively) at a frequency of 10 rad/s and from 8.16 to 3.28 (Z350 and F03, respectively) for 100 rad/s. Giomer restorations had significantly less leakage than did those restored with nano-filled composites. No microleakage was observed with restorations lined with F02 or F10. The use of flowable liners reduced cervical microleakage of Class II restorations. Interfacial integrity of Class II restorations was significantly correlated with liner viscosity, filler volume, and shrinkage.

The effects of different restorative materials on periodontopathogens in combined restorative-periodontal treatment.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment.Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05).Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

A comparative study of microleakage between giomer and ormocer restoration in class I cavity of first permanent premolar teeth in vivo

This study was performed to compare the marginal microleakage of ormocer restorative material with that of giomer in vivo. Forty Class I cavities were prepared in non-carious permanent premolar teeth from 10 patients. Twenty cavities were filled with giomer and the remaining 20 cavities were filled by ormocer restorative materials. After one month, teeth were extracted, immersed in rhodamine dye solution, and then longitudinally bisected to assess the degree of dye penetration by stereoscopy. Furthermore, the gap between the dental material and tooth tissue were observed by the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that no microleakage (score 0) was detected in 15 ormocer and 5 giomer restorations. The remaining restorations were associated with dye penetration which was due to gap formation as seen in stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations. The differences between ormocer and giomer restorative materials in respect to dye penetration were statistically significant. It can be concluded that ormocer restorative material shows less microleakage than that of giomer.

Comparison between one-step self-etch adhesive and along with additional hydrophobic layer in the retention of giomer at non-carious cervical lesion

The purpose of the present study was to assess the giomer retention following application of one step self etch adhesive and one-step self-etch adhesive plus an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer in non-carious cervical lesion. Twenty four participants having bilateral cervical lesion at the maxillary premolars teeth were selected. Following cleaning of the cervical lesions, 24 left premolar teeth were restored with giomer by using the one-step self-etch system (Group A) and 24 right premolar teeth were restored with giomer by using one-step self-etching plus extra hydrophobic adhesive layer (Group B). Participants were recalled at 6 and 15 months for evaluating the clinical outcome. The results showed that at 15 months, 18 giomer restorations in Group A and 21 in Group B were intact inside the cavity and no significant difference was found between the two groups. It can be concluded that giomer restoration used with one-step self- etching plus additional adhesive layer slightly improved the retention of the material.

Effect of hemostatic agent on marginal gaps of class V giomer restorations.

BackgroundContamination of dentin with hemostatic agents might exert a deleterious effect on adhesive procedures on dentin. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on marginal gaps in Cl V giomer restorations.Material and MethodsFifty sound bovine permanent incisors were selected for the purpose of this in vitro study and Cl V cavities were prepared on their buccal surfaces; the gingival margins of the cavities were placed in dentin. The tooth samples were randomly assigned to two groups (n=25). The samples in groups 1 and 2 underwent a restorative procedure without and with the application of aluminum chloride hemostatic agent in the cavity, respectively, before application of the adhesive. BeautiBond one-step self-etch adhesive and Beautifil II giomer restorative material were used for the restoration of the cavities in both groups. The samples were thermocycled and sectioned, followed by measuring the gap sizes at gingival margins in µm under a stereomicroscope. The marginal gaps were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. ResultsThe results showed significant differences in the mean marginal gaps between the two groups under study (P<0.001); the mean marginal gaps were higher in group 2 (with hemostatic agent) compared to those in group 1 (without hemostatic agent) (P<0.0005).ConclusionsContamination with aluminum chloride hemostatic agent in giomer restorations gave rise to higher gingival margin gaps. Key words:Dental adhesives, giomer restorative material, hemostatic agent, marginal adaptation.

One-year comparative evaluation of Ketac Nano with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and Giomer in noncarious cervical lesions: A randomized clinical trial.

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of Ketac Nano (Ketac™ N100), RMGIC (Fuji Filling™ LC), and Giomer (Beautifil® II) in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).Materials and Methods:One operator restored 120 NCCLs in 20 subjects, with at least two lesions restored with one of the restorative materials: RMGIC (control group), Giomer and Ketac Nano (experimental groups). Two observers evaluated retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, color match, surface roughness, and postoperative sensitivity using modified USPHS criteria at baseline, 6, and 12 months.Study Design:Double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT).Statistical Analysis:Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.Results:There was statistically significant difference observed between Giomer, Ketac Nano and RMGIC after 12 months (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in retention rates for Giomer (P = 0.0050), increased marginal discoloration and color mismatch for Ketac Nano (P = 0.0025, P = 0.0053), increased surface roughness and color mismatch with RMGIC (P = 0.0022, P = 0.0077) from baseline to 12 months.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this RCT of 12 months, Ketac Nano and RMGIC restorations were better retained in NCCLs while superior color match and surface finish were observed with Giomer restorations.

Effect of disinfecting the cavity with chlorhexidine on the marginal gaps of Cl V giomer restorations.

BackgroundConsidering the effect of cavity disinfecting agents on the bonding and sealing ability of restorations bonded to dentin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) disinfecting agent on the marginal gaps of Cl V giomer restorations.Material and MethodsCl V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 sound bovine permanent incisors in this in vitro study, with the occlusal and gingival margins in enamel and dentin, respectively. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=30). The teeth in groups 1 and 2 were restored without and with the use of the disinfecting agent in the cavity, respectively, before applying the adhesive. BeautiBond one-step self-etch adhesive and Beautifil II giomer were used to restore the cavities in both groups. After thermocycling and sectioning of the samples, the sizes of marginal gaps at gingival margins were measured in µm under a stereomicroscope. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare marginal gaps at P<0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe means of marginal gaps were significantly different between the two study groups (U=180, P<0.001), with higher means of marginal gaps in group 2 (with CHX disinfection) compared to group 1 (without CHX disinfection) (P<0.0005).ConclusionsApplication of CHX for the disinfection of cavities in giomer restorations resulted in an increase in gingival margin gaps. Key words:Chlorhexidine, dental marginal adaptation, dental restorations.