Gingival Tissue Research Articles

Is micronucleus assay a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage induced by chemical, physical, and biological agents in vivo? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta-analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI, - 0.49 to 1.88, p = 0.25) and gingiva (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI, - 0.11 to 0.72, p = 0.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, p = 0.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.

Er:YAG Laser and Hemolasertherapy: Bone and Gingiva Gain-Case Report.

Background: Modern dentistry has increasingly valued conservative and biologically less invasive clinical practices, seeking to preserve the patients' tissues and natural dental elements. Most extractions in the dental clinic are preceded by periodontal disease that presents bone and gingival tissue loss, compromising the aesthetics as well as the support of dental elements. Objectives: The clinical approach in these cases often involves bone exertion followed by the successful installation of osseointegrated implants. Material and Methods: In this study, a case of extensive periodontal involvement and mobility of dental elements was carried out in a minimally invasive way, using the Er:YAG laser for periodontal decontamination and the hemolasertherapy technique to regenerate adjacent tissues, totaling nine weeks of treatment. Results: Clinical and radiographical improvement of tissue health and complete preservation of dental elements were observed. Conclusion: The patient underwent a follow-up appointment 2 years after the start of treatment when it was still possible to verify the stability of the clinical condition and the tissue gains obtained.

Comparing the Efficacy of 5% EMLA Cream and 20% Benzocaine Gel on Gingival Tissue Surrounding Non-Carious Cervical Lesions for Reduction of Pain Following Rubber Dam Clamp Placement: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream and 20% benzocaine gel in reduction of pain during rubber dam clamp placement in the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Methodology In this split-mouth single-blind randomized clinical trial, 50 adult participants were selected from the outpatient department. The test group was treated using 5% EMLA cream for three minutes, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded. The comparison group was treated using 20% benzocaine gel and procedure was repeated as that in the test group. After recording the VAS scores, NCCLs in both the groups were restored using composite restoration. Results In the included 50 participants, 70% were males, with an age group of 31-67 years. The mean VAS score at 3 minutes in EMLA group was significantly lower than that in benzocaine group. Conclusion Application of 5% EMLA cream for 3 minutes showed greater pain reduction during rubber dam clamp placement as compared to 20% benzocaine gel in adult patients with NCCLs.

Study of Periodontal Bacteria in Diabetic Wistar Rats: Assessing the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carvacrol and Magnolol Hydrogels.

Periodontal disease and diabetes often co-occur; both are characterized by chronic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol and magnolol when incorporated into a periodontal hydrogel and topically applied to Wistar rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease. Forty male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: PD (induced diabetes and periodontitis), PDC (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with carvacrol), PDM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with magnolol), and PDCM (induced diabetes and periodontitis treated with both carvacrol and magnolol). Post treatment, gingival tissue samples were collected to measure levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. The PDCM group exhibited significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared to the PD group. The combined application of a periodontal hydrogel containing carvacrol and magnolol may significantly reduce gingival inflammation in rats with diabetes-associated periodontal disease.

Assessment of gingival translucency at the mandibular incisors with two different probing systems. A cross sectional study

ObjectivesIncreasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further clinical research in this area. Aim of the present study was to assess gingival thickness at the mandibular incisors by translucency judgement with two different probes and to validate if these methods are comparable and applicable as diagnostic tools.Materials and methodsA total of 200 participants were included; gingival tissue thickness was measured by judging probe translucency at both central mandibular incisors, mid-facially on the buccal aspect of each tooth using a standard periodontal probe and a set of color-coded probe, each with a different color at the tip, i.e. Colorvue Biotype Probe (CBP). Frequencies and relative frequencies were calculated for probe visibility. Agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was evaluated via the kappa statistic.ResultsWhen the periodontal probe was visible, the frequency of CBP being visible was very high. Kappa statistic for the agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was 0.198 (71.5% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 41 and 0.311 (74.0% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 31, indicating a positive association of the two methods.ConclusionsAn agreement that reached 74% was estimated between the standard periodontal probe and the color-coded probe at central mandibular incisors. Clinical relevanceIn the context of the present study, the two methods of evaluating gingival thickness seem to produce comparable measurements with a substantial agreement. However, in the 1/4 of the cases, the visibility of the color-coded probe could not assist in the categorization of the gingival phenotype.

Palatal Graft Harvesting Site Healing and Pain Management: What Is the Best Choice? An Umbrella Review

The use of free gingival graft (FGG) and connective tissue graft (CTG) from the palate are among the most predictable periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgery procedures. However, palatal harvesting causes severe discomfort in the palatal area in patients undergoing harvesting. The aim of this umbrella review is to evaluate which products or techniques can result in fewer side effects and less morbidity in patients. Systematic reviews, with meta-analysis or not, about postoperative pain and wound healing in patients undergoing surgery to remove a free gingival graft or connective tissue graft from the palatal region, published only in the English language, were electronically searched for on BioMed Central, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane library databases, and PROSPERO register. Of 1153 titles, only 7 articles were included in this review. The reviews included suggest that the more effective interventions for patient-reported outcomes, particularly for pain management, are cyanoacrylate adhesives, platelet-rich fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and the use of palatal stents. Low-level laser therapy also demonstrated good results in palatal wound healing speed after FGG procedures. Also, topical agents were also described. Future studies and more high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to provide clear descriptions and standardized procedures of interventions to obtain clear results.

Impact of Periodontitis on Endothelial Risk Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Improvement in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium and overall oral health and is primarily caused by a dysbiotic gingival biofilm, which includes, among others, Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythensis that colonize gingival tissues and that can lead, if not properly treated, to periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss. In the last few decades, several large-scale epidemiological studies have evidenced that mild and severe forms of periodontitis are strictly bilaterally associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), stroke, and endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that patients with severe periodontitis would have compromised endothelial function, a crucial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and several CVD forms. In this regard, it was postulated that periodontal treatment would ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, hence bolstering the notion that therapeutic approaches targeted at diminishing cardiovascular risk factors and different forms of periodontal treatment could improve several CVD biomarker outcomes in the short- and long-term in CVD patients. The aim of this review is to update and analyze the link between periodontitis and CVD, focusing on the inflammatory nature of periodontitis and its correlation with CVD, the effects of periodontal therapy on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and the impact of such therapy on CVD biomarkers and outcomes. The article also discusses future research directions in this field.

Modified approach of regenerative treatment for distal intrabony defect beneath non-keratinized mucosa at terminal molar: A case report

BACKGROUND Intrabony defects beneath non-keratinized mucosa are frequently observed at the distal site of terminal molars. Consequently, the application of regenerative treatment using the modified wedge-flap technique is considered impractical for these specific dental conditions. CASE SUMMARY This article proposes a modified surgical procedure aimed at exposing the distal intrabony defect by making a vertical incision in the keratinized buccal gingiva. The primary objective is to maintain gingival flap stability, thereby facilitating periodontal regeneration. The described technique was successfully employed in a case involving the left mandibular second molar, which presented with an intrabony defect without keratinized gingiva at the distal site. In this case, an incision was made on the disto-buccal gingival tissue, creating a tunnel-like separation of the distal non-keratinized soft tissue to expose the intrabony defect. Subsequently, bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration surgeries were performed, resulting in satisfactory bone fill at 9 mo postoperatively. CONCLUSION This technique offers a regenerative opportunity for the intrabony defects beneath non-keratinized mucosa and is recommended for further research.

Synergistic Effects of Shed-Derived Exosomes, Cu2+, and an Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel on Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, and Osteogenic Activity for Periodontal Bone Regeneration.

The primary pathology of periodontitis involves the gradual deterioration of periodontal tissues resulting from the inflammatory reaction triggered by bacterial infection. In this study, a novel drug for periodontal pocket injection, known as the Shed-Cu-HA hydrogel, was developed by incorporating copper ions (Cu2+) and Shed-derived exosomes (Shed-exo) inside the hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel. Suitable concentrations of Cu2+ and Shed-exo released from Shed-Cu-HA enhanced cell viability and cell proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Additionally, the Shed-Cu-HA demonstrated remarkable antibacterial effects against the key periodontal pathogen (Aa) owing to the synergistic effect of Cu2+ and HA. Furthermore, the material effectively suppressed macrophage inflammatory response via the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, the Shed-Cu-HA, combining the inflammation-regulating properties of HA with the synergistic osteogenic activity of Shed-exo and Cu2+, effectively upregulated the expression of genes and proteins associated with osteogenic differentiation. The experimental findings from a mouse periodontitis model demonstrated that the administration of Shed-Cu-HA effectively reduced the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and bacterial infections in gingival tissues and facilitated the regeneration of periodontal bone tissues and collagen after 2 and 4 weeks of injection. Consequently, it holds significant prospects for future applications in periodontitis treatment.

Efficacy of Conventional versus Cordless Displacement System on Gingival Retraction for Use with Intra-Oral Scanner: A Clinical Study.

The present clinical study aimed to assess the efficacy of conventional versus cordless displacement systems on gingival retraction for use with an intra-oral scanner and changes in periodontal indices. A total of 20 participants were selected for a split-mouth study (20 sites - Group Sc, 20 sites - Group Es). The outcomes were measured at day 0, day 1, and day 7 of follow-up in terms of Immediate horizontal displacement, Plaque Index, and Bleeding Index. Unpaired and Paired t-test was used as the parametric tests and statistical analysis was performed. A statistically significant change was observed in terms of BI on day 0, but no statistically significant change was observed for either group in terms of IHD and PI. The cordless material caused the least trauma to gingival tissue and was more compatible with intra-oral scanning devices.

Oral inoculation of Enterococcus faecalis, DNA quantification and histopathological evaluation of gingival, heart and kidney tissue samples in rats.

Enterococcus faecalis is known as common pathogen for endodontic infections and cause secondary and refractory pulp periapical periodontitis. The bacteria can opportunistically colonize periodontal pockets and presents a possibility of infection developing in other organs. This research will investigate the dissemination of E. faecalis from the gingival tissue to the heart and kidney. Three groups were formed, consisting of twelve male Sprague Dawley rats: a control group designated as 0-day, and experimental groups labeled as 7-days and 14-days. Periodontitis induced by concurrent infection with sterile wire 0.2 mm insertion and E. faecalis inoculation is performed into the gingival sulcus located between the maxillary right 1st and 2nd molar teeth area. After euthanasia, tissue samples around the maxillary gingiva, maxillary jaw samples, kidney and heart tissues were obtained for quantitative Real-Time PCR assay and histopathological analysis. Results showed at 7-days, there was an upregulation of E. faecalis gene expression in the gingiva, heart, and kidney samples as well as infiltration of the inflammatory cells at 7-days post induction, which consequently decreased at 14-days. Thus, the study suggests dissemination of E. faecalis from gingival tissue to the heart, kidney which could be probable link between periodontal disease, heart, and kidney disease.

Galectin-3 inhibition alleviated LPS-induced periodontal inflammation in gingival fibroblasts and experimental periodontitis mice.

Clinical studies have confirmed that galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels are significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Gal-3 inhibition on periodontal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with or without Gal-3 knockdown were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a ligation-induced mouse periodontitis model treated with a Gal-3 inhibitor was established. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to evaluate Gal-3 levels in gingival tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect Gal-3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) expression. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation. Micro-computed tomography was used to analyse the degree of bone loss. Gal-3 was significantly up-regulated in inflamed gingival tissues and LPS-induced HGFs. Gal-3 knockdown markedly decreased LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 expression and blocked NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation in HGFs. In the mouse periodontitis model, Gal-3 inhibition significantly alleviated IL-1β and IL-6 infiltration in gingival tissue and mitigated periodontal bone loss. Gal-3 inhibition notably alleviated periodontal inflammation partly through blocking NF-κB and ERK signaling pathway activation.

Antiviral activity of temporin-1CEb analogues against gingival infection with herpes simplex virus type 1.

Oral herpes infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are one of the most common in the human population. Recently, they have been classified as an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa and gums. Treatment mainly involves nucleoside analogues, such as acyclovir and its derivatives, which reduce virus replication and shedding. As drug-resistant strains of herpes emerge rapidly, there is a need for the development of novel anti-herpes agents. The aim of the study was to design an antiviral peptide, based on natural compounds, non-toxic to the host, and efficient against drug-resistant HSV-1. Here, we designed a lysine-rich derivative of amphibian temporin-1CEb conjugated to peptides penetrating the host cell membrane and examined their activity against HSV-1 infection of oral mucosa. We assessed the antiviral efficiency of the tested compound in simple 2D cell models (VeroE6 and TIGKs cells) and a 3D organotypic model of human gingiva (OTG) using titration assay, qPCR, and confocal imaging. To identify the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity, we applied the Azure A metachromatic test, and attachment assays techniques. Toxicity of the conjugates was examined using XTT and LDH assays. Our results showed that temporin-1CEb analogues significantly reduce viral replication in oral mucosa. The mechanism of peptide analogues is based on the interaction with heparan sulfate, leading to the reduce attachment of HSV-1 to the cell membrane. Moreover, temporin-1CEb conjugates effectively penetrate the gingival tissue being effective against acyclovir-resistant strains. Collectively, we showed that temporin-1CEb can be regarded as a novel, naturally derived antiviral compound for HSV-1 treatment.

Molecular Signatures of Senescence in Periodontitis: Clinical Insights.

Most of the elderly population is afflicted by periodontal diseases, creating a health burden worldwide. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging and associated with several chronic comorbidities. Senescent cells produce a variety of deleterious secretions, collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This disrupts neighboring cells, leading to further senescence propagation and inciting chronic inflammation, known as "inflammaging." Detrimental repercussions within the tissue microenvironment can trigger senescence at a younger age, accelerate biological aging, and drive the initiation or progression of diseases. Here, we investigated the biological signatures of senescence in healthy and diseased gingival tissues by assessing the levels of key senescence markers (p16, lipofuscin, and β-galactosidase) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-3, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Our results showed significantly increased senescence features including p16, lipofuscin, and β-galactosidase in both epithelial and connective tissues of periodontitis patients compared with healthy sites in all age groups, indicating that an inflammatory microenvironment can trigger senescence-like alterations in younger diseased gingival tissues as well. Subsequent analyses using double staining with specific cell markers noted the enrichment of β-galactosidase in fibroblasts and macrophages. Concurrently, inflammatory mediators consistent with SASP were increased in the gingival biopsies obtained from periodontitis lesions. Together, our findings provide the first clinical report revealing susceptibility to elevated senescence and inflammatory milieu consistent with senescence secretome in gingival tissues, thus introducing senescence as one of the drivers of pathological events in the oral mucosa and a novel strategy for targeted interventions.

TRPV4 mediates IL-1-induced Ca2+ signaling, ERK activation and MMP expression.

Ca2+ permeation through TRPV4 in fibroblasts is associated with pathological matrix degradation. In human gingival fibroblasts, IL-1β binding to its signaling receptor (IL-1R1) induces activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MMP1 expression, processes that require Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane. It is not known how IL-1R1, which does not conduct Ca2+, generates Ca2+ signals in response to IL-1. We examined whether TRPV4 mediates the Ca2+ fluxes required for ERK signaling in IL-1 stimulated gingival fibroblasts. TRPV4 was immunostained in fibroblasts of human gingival connective tissue and in focal adhesions of cultured mouse gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts treated with IL-1β showed no change of TRPV4 expression but there was increased MMP1 expression. In mouse, gingival fibroblasts expressing TRPV4, IL-1 strongly increased [Ca2+]i. Pre-incubation of cells with IL-1 Receptor Antagonist blocked Ca2+ entry induced by IL-1 or the TRPV4 agonist GSK101. Knockout of TRPV4 or expression of a non-Ca2+-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant or pre-incubation with the TRPV4 inhibitor RN1734, blocked IL-1-induced Ca2+ transients and expression of the mouse interstitial collagenase, MMP13. Treatment of mouse gingival fibroblasts with GSK101 phenocopied Ca2+ and ERK responses induced by IL-1; these responses were absent in TRPV4-null cells or cells expressing a non-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant. Immunostained IL-1R1 localized with TRPV4 in adhesions within cell extensions. While TRPV4 immunoprecipitates analyzed by mass spectrometry showed no association with IL-1R1, TRPV4 associated with Src-related proteins and Src co-immunoprecipitated with TRPV4. Src inhibition reduced IL-1-induced Ca2+ responses. The functional linkage of TRPV4 with IL-1R1 expands its repertoire of innate immune signaling processes by mediating IL-1-driven Ca2+ responses that drive matrix remodeling in fibroblasts. Thus, inhibiting TRPV4 activity may provide a new pharmacological approach for blunting matrix degradation in inflammatory diseases.

Elevated neutrophil extracellular trap levels in periodontitis: Implications for keratinization and barrier function in gingival epithelium.

To explore the levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with periodontitis and examine their effects on keratinization, barrier function of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) and the associated mechanisms. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), clinical periodontal parameters and gingival specimens were collected from 10 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with stage II-IV periodontitis to measure the NET levels. Subsequently, mRNA and protein levels of keratinization and barrier indicators, as well as intracellular calcium and epithelial barrier permeability, were analysed in HGKs after NET stimulation. The study showed that NET levels significantly elevated in patients with periodontitis, across multiple specimens including saliva, GCF and gingival tissues. Stimulation of HGKs with NETs resulted in a decrease in the expressions of involucrin, cytokeratin 10, zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin, along with decreased intracellular calcium levels and increased epithelial barrier permeability. Furthermore, the inhibition of keratinization by NETs is ERK-KLF4-dependent. This study indicates that NETs impair the barrier function of HGKs and suppress keratinization through ERK/KLF4 axis. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis to address impaired gingival keratinization.

3D-printed resin composite posterior fixed dental prosthesis: a prospective clinical trial up to 1 year

ObjectivesThis clinical trial evaluated the clinical behavior of 3D-printed posterior resin composite fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).Materials and methodsBetween 10 October 2020 and 5 August 2022, 49 patients aged 19–60 years (16 men, 33 women) received 68 3D-printed resin composite 3-unit posterior FDPs (ELS Even Stronger, Saremco, Switzerland). FDPs were followed up 2 weeks after placement (baseline), 6 months after placement, and 1 year after placement by two independent calibrated observers using modified FDI criteria for anatomical form, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, surface roughness, color match, fracture of material, staining surface, staining margin, approximate anatomical form, retention, gingival health, and patient's view. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier analyses.ResultsA total of 59 restorations were evaluated and the mean observation period was 8.63 months. Failure types were categorized as mechanical and biological. Failures were observed in 14 FDPs. Nine FDPs showed mechanical failure and five FDPs showed biological failure. Mechanical failures were mostly experienced as connector fractures. Eight FDPs showed cohesive fractures (seven in a single connector at either at the mesial or distal and one in the pontic itself). Biological failures, including root canal treatment and gingival tissue reactions, were observed within the first 6 months. Based on mechanical failures, the survival rate was 86.7% including the biological complications; this corresponded to 71.6% (Kaplan–Meier). After 1 year, two FDPs showed surface luster loss (score 4), two-color mismatches (score 4), and two-surface staining (score 4).Conclusion3D-printed resin composite FDPs were observed acceptable after 1 year of clinical follow-up, providing that the experienced failure types were mainly associated with fractures in the connector region, which requires revision of design parameters.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.Gov, NCT04600297.

Early periodontal wound healing after chlorhexidine rinsing: a randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThis single-center randomized, parallel design, clinical trial with a 2-week follow-up involved patients affected by periodontitis undergoing periodontal surgery. The aim was to evaluate periodontal surgical wound healing with the use of chlorhexidine-based mouth rinses versus an untreated control group.Materials and methodsPeriodontal surgery was performed following a standardized protocol. Patients were randomly prescribed i) chlorhexidine (CHX) + anti-discoloration system (ADS) + hyaluronic acid (HA), ii) CHX + ADS or iii) no treatment (control group). Plaque score, gingival inflammation, and Early Healing Index (EHI), assessing the degree of wound closure and the presence of fibrin and necrosis, were evaluated at 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery.ResultsIn total, 33 patients were enrolled. Patients were comparable at baseline for all measured clinical parameters. At 3-days wound healing was significantly improved in all patients treated with CHX + ADS-based mouth rinses with a lower EHI score at the interdental papillae compared with control group (p < 0.01). CHX + ADS + HA group presented improved healing across all time points in terms of EHI, plaque containment, and gingival inflammation when compared to control group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe usage of CHX-ADS following periodontal surgery improved early wound healing, reduced plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. During the early post-operative period the adjunct of HA further improved soft tissue closure.Clinical relevanceThis study aims at evaluating the response of gingival tissues to mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine and anti-discoloration system (CHX + ADS) or CHX + ADS + hyaluronic acid (CHX + ADS + HA) versus no rinse in terms of healing of the periodontal surgical wound. CHX + ADS mouth rinses enhanced early soft tissue closure after periodontal surgery and contributed to the reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. The adjunct of HA may be beneficial especially in the early post-operative period. CHX + ADS administration following periodontal surgery may improve soft tissue healing in the first two post-operative weeks.

HTERT Peptide Fragment GV1001 Prevents the Development of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disorders in ApoE-Deficient Mice.

GV1001, an anticancer vaccine, exhibits other biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It also suppresses the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major human oral bacterium implicated in the development of periodontitis, is associated with various systemic disorders, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the protective effects of GV1001 against Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions in Apolipoprotein (ApoE)-deficient mice. GV1001 effectively mitigated the development of Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions by counteracting Pg-induced local and systemic inflammation, partly by inhibiting the accumulation of Pg DNA aggregates, Pg lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and gingipains in the gingival tissue, arterial wall, and brain. GV1001 attenuated the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, lipid deposition in the arterial wall, endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EndMT), the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) from arterial smooth muscle cells, and the formation of foam cells in mice with Pg-induced periodontal disease. GV1001 also suppressed the accumulation of AD biomarkers in the brains of mice with periodontal disease. Overall, these findings suggest that GV1001 holds promise as a preventive agent in the development of atherosclerosis and AD-like conditions associated with periodontal disease.

Soft-Tissue Augmentation Around Dental Implants by a New Laser-Aided Pouch Roll Technique: Volumetric and Clinical Evaluation After 1 Year.

The ultimate goal in implantology is to restore the whole tooth-gingival complex in a fashion that cannot be distinguished from the rest of the natural dentition. This study assesses the volumetric and clinical changes in vestibular gingival soft tissues, crucial for satisfactory engraftment and esthetic results, upon treatment with laser-aided pouch roll augmentation in second-stage surgery for dental implant uncovering. Twelve patients with mild ridge deficiencies in 16 edentulous sites, including distal elements, were enrolled and reevaluated for up to 1 year. Digital impressions, taken with an intraoral laser scanner and software, were analyzed before (day 0) and after (month 12) treatment. The digital STL files were superimposed to assess volumetric and linear dimensional variations in selected peri-implant regions of interest by 3D analysis software. Clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BoP], plaque index [PI]) and subjective patient-reported outcomes were also evaluated. In all patients, the applied technique induced a substantial increase in the volume of the vestibular peri-implant gingiva at 12-month follow-up (range, 24%-69%, mean 40.4%) with respect to day 0. The gingival mucosa appeared normal at both inspection and evaluation of the periodontal parameters (PD 2.7 ± 1 mm; BoP 0.11 ± 0.2 seconds; PI 0.19 ± 0). Patients' satisfaction with perceived pain/discomfort and esthetic outcome was high. These findings indicate that laser-aided pouch roll flap is a safe, patient-liked procedure whose long-term effectiveness has been objectively demonstrated by volumetric and clinical assessment.