Gingival Fluid Volume Research Articles

Evaluation of several clinical parameters after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations: A randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveThis randomized double-blind clinical trial compared tooth sensitivity (TS), bleaching efficacy, and cytokine levels after applying in-office bleaching treatments containing 15% and 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP15% and HP35%, respectively). MethodsTwenty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to receive HP15% or HP35% treatment. The bleaching agent was applied in three 15-min applications per session. Two bleaching sessions were separated by a 1-week interval. The participants scored TS using a visual analog scale and numerical rating scale. Bleaching efficacy was determined by subjective and objective methods. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from three jaws sites per patient for the analysis of fluid volume. Flow cytometry was used to analyze gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma. All measurements were obtained before and after bleaching. All data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). ResultsThe absolute risk and intensity of TS was higher for HP35% than for HP15% (p > 0.002). One month post-bleaching, HP35% produced more bleaching than HP15% (p = 0.02). However patient perception (p = 0.06) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.53) with regard to bleaching were not significantly different. No significant differences existed in the gingival fluid volume (p > 0.38) or in any cytokine level (p > 0.05) for either HP concentration. ConclusionTreatment: with HP35% is more effective than HP15%, but generates a greater risk and intensity of TS. No inflammatory changes occurred despite the difference in the HP concentrations. Clinical significanceHydrogen peroxide at a lower concentration (e.g., 15%) should be considered a good treatment alternative for in-office bleaching because the higher concentration for in-office bleaching generates a greater risk and intensity of TS for patients.

Periodontal evaluation of abutment teeth. Part 2. Correlation between gingival fluid volumes and pH values in gingival crevices and periodontal pockets

Being associated with inflammation, the reaction of gingival fluid has been a constant source of interest and it has been the object of many studies. We have paied attention to its pH and reported the difference between in normal crevices and periodontal pockets. In the present report, the gingival fluid volume was recorded and correlated with the pH in each site.The gingival fluid volumes were measured by a Periotron and each datum was classified according to Garnick (1979). The pH was determined by the same method reported previously.The results were as follows:1. As the gingival fluid volumes increased, elevations of pH from 6.26 to 6.50, 6.54 to 6.71, and 6.30 to 6.49, were observed in the buccal, lingual and interproximal crevices, respectively.2. After 1 week wearing of acrylic resin temporary crowns, elevations of both gingival fluid volumes and pH were observed.3. Regardless of gingival fluid volumes, constant pH levels were observed in buccal and interproximal periodontal pockets.4. In lingual periodontal pockets, decreasing pH values were observed with increasing gingival fluid volumes.

Cyclic AMP content of gingival fluid in women taking oral contraceptives

Gingival fluid samples were collected from 12 healthy adult women who ranged in age from 19 to 34 years. Seven subjects with normal menstrual cycles who received no medications acted as controls while five subjects who had been using oral contraceptives for a minimum of 17 months constituted the experimental group. The women using birth control pills showed a 53% increase in the gingival fluid volume versus the controls. Radioimmunoassay revealed a mean concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the gingival fluid of 3.8-10(-6)M in the controls and 1.9-10(-6)M in subjects using oral contraceptives, although the total amount of cAMP present in the fluid from both groups was equal. These gingival fluid cAMP levels were a hundredfold higher than those measured in serum and saliva.