Gigantochloa Atroviolacea Research Articles

Manufacture and properties of citric acid-bonded particleboard made from bamboo materials

Utilization of citric acid as natural binder for non-wood composite is still limited. Therefore, this study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from bamboo using citric acid as natural binder. Three bamboo particles, i.e. petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), wulung bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea), and apus bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) were used as raw materials in this research. Citric acid contents were set at 0, 15 and 30 wt.% based on air-dried particles. Two classifications of petung bamboo particle sizes (coarse and fine particles) were used in this research. The particleboards were also made as single layer and three layer boards with variation of layer compositions. The results showed that addition of citric acid could significantly improve the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the boards, while bamboo species did not significantly affect the properties of boards. Fine particles provided higher internal bond strength of the particleboard than coarse particles, due to bigger contact area among fine particles. Single layer particleboard provided higher internal bond strength compared to the three layer ones. The properties of citric acid-bonded bamboo particleboard in this research could meet the requirements of the Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard (A 5908). Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the peak at around 1734 cm−1 was hardly recognized in binderless board, however it clearly appeared in citric acid-bonded particleboards. As a result of reaction between citric acid and bamboo, good properties of particleboards could be obtained.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bolted Bamboo Joints without Void Filled Material

An experimental and theoretical are presented to calculate the load capacity of shear single connection (SSC) and shear double connection (SDC) without void filled material. The model presents an extension of the Johansen theory for bamboo connection type, also known as the European Yield Model (EYM). The bamboo of Gigantchloa atroviolacea of the most popular as non-wood has been used as a construction material in some region of Indonesia. The uniqueness bamboo is bamboo non-homogen material, sectional shape non-prismatic, the straighthness stems not same, on the culms guiler node and a cross-section in hollow. The diameter of Gigantochloa atroviolacea bamboo used in this study is ranged from 70 to 90 mm. The diameter of bolt is 12.7 mm. The connection strength can be determined with theoretical and eksperimental. Application theory of the European Yield Model could be developed into theory of connection laterally strength of bamboo without void filler material. Factors that affected of connection laterally strength is bamboo thickness, bolt diameter and spesific gravity. The equation four of connection strength base on European Yield model can calculated of according to yield model of accurred. The connection strength is specified from the value smallest of the equation four of connection yield models.

Pengaruh Jumlah Ruas Cabang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Setek Bambu Hitam (Gigantochloa Atroviolacea)

Black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) is one of the famous bamboo species used, because it has many functions.The effort to maintain bamboo population is by cultivation. Generative cultivation of bamboo is difficult, so that vegetative cultivation by branch cuttings is carried. The aim of this research were to know the effect of number of internodes on black bamboobranchcuttings and the best influence on percentage of life and growth.The experiment used Completely Randomized Design(CRD) with 3treatmentsand 5replications.The treatmentwerenumber ofblack bamboobranch, which were2, 3,and 4 internodes. Eachbranchesplantedin polybag had filledwith top soil.The growth variablesthat measured were the percentage of life, number of shoots, length of shoot, diameter of shoot, number of leaves andlength of root. Theresults showed that thenumber of black bamboo branchinternodesinfluenced onlength of shoot and number of leaves. Blackbamboobranch with 4 internodeswas thebestresultto growth ofblackbamboobranchcuttings because of highestvalue onlength of shoot (3.84 cm) and number of leaves(4.90 sheet). Key words: black bamboo, branch cuttings, number of internodes

Bolted Bamboo Joints Reinforced with Fibers

Bamboo in Indonesia grows rapidly and is ready to be used after three to five years of planting. Bamboo has a pipe-like cross-section and excellent mechanical properties, especially tensile and compressive strength with a specific gravity varies from 0.55 to 0.75. Thus bamboo is now becoming an important sustainable construction material, especially in rural areas. One crucial issue in bamboo construction is the connection system where failure of the connection develops at low level of loading associated with bamboo splitting. In this study, seventeen single-bolted bamboo joints in total were prepared. Four joints are loaded in perpendicular loading direction, and the rest are loaded in parallel loading direction or overlap connections. These joints were a double-shear configuration of bamboo Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) connected by 12-mm bolts and were tested under a quasi-static load. Some of them were reinforced with natural fiber (Indonesian name, “ijuk”) and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). The results showed that a significant increase of joint slip modulus and load carrying capacity was found in the joints reinforced with FRP. The wrapping effect caused by FRP sheets successfully postpones the bamboo splitting failure, while in the case of joints reinforced with natural fiber ijuk, this increase is negligible.

Effects of Node, Internode and Height Position on the Mechanical Properties of Gigantochloa Atroviolacea Bamboo

The development of the use of bamboo increased as non-wood material. The bamboo Gigantchloaatroviolacea is the most popular bamboo used as a construction material in some region of Indonesia. Some weakness bamboo are bamboo non-homogen material, sectional form non-prismatik, the straigthness stems not the same, on the culms guiler node and a cross section in hollow. Effects of node, internode and height position on mechanical properties of bamboo were evaluated. In this article, the mechanical properties of Gigantochloaatroviolacea bamboo was studied (shear, compression and tensile). In this study, selected of the mechanical properties of bamboo culms, located at different height were investigated with ISO 22157 and ASTM. The mechanical properties of bamboo at node, internode and height position were tested in air dry condition. Base on the test results of all properties strength were increased from bottom to top. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed of the effects of node and internode of least significant difference (LSD) except tensile parallel to grain of significant. The effect of hight position (bottom, middle and top) was significant except tensile strength perpendicular to grain of least significant difference (LSD). The interaction between node, internode and hight position was least significant difference (LSD) except tensile parallel to grain of significant.

Proposed Bamboo School Buildings for Elementary Schools in Indonesia

Indonesia has serious problems of educational infrastructure where thousands school facilities are in poor condition. In 2011 182.500 classrooms were moderately damaged and 110.598 ones were in severe condition. In order to find a cheap, quick and sustainable solution for the problem above, a design of bamboo building for school is proposed. In this research, internal forces were analyzed by computer software, Structural Analysis Program 2000 v11. Bamboo used for elements of structure is wulung bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea widjaja) and the analysis based on SNI-5 2002 (Standard for Timber Construction Design Procedures in Indonesia). Construction cost was estimated based on SNI (Indonesian National Standard). For bamboo elements which the unit price calculation guidance is not available yet, data survey from the bamboo contractors were used. From the design, most of the elements require bamboo with external diameter of 10cm. The construction cost estimation range from IDR742,398.02/m2 to IDR795,145.22/m2 (1 USD=10,000 IDR) in Yogyakarta per May 2013, depend on the design type. The proposed design save construction cost up to 50% compared to conventional building (Rp 1,500,000/m2) in Yogyakarta.

Method to test fungal degradation of bamboo and wood using vermiculite as reservoir for moisture and nutrients

Proposed is a method to investigate degradation of lignocelluloses by pure cultures of basidiomycetes using preserving jars with vermiculite as reservoir for water and nutrients. Bamboo samples of Gigantochloa atroviolacea and Phyllostachys pubescens and wood samples of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris were inoculated with the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana and the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune. The fungi were cultured on vermiculite containing different amounts of tap water or malt extract solution. Mass loss of the bamboos after 32 weeks was low and did not show a remarkable influence of moisture content and nutrient addition. However, considerable degradation of Pinus sylvestris sapwood occurred by C. puteana whereby moisture and nutrients influenced aggressiveness.

Genetic diversity and relationships between nine species of bamboo in Sri Lanka, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed a high degree of polymorphism in nine species of bamboo, Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall ex Munro, D. asper Becker ex K. Heyn, D. longispathus (Kurz) Kurz, Bambusa vulgaris `Striata', B. ventricosa, B. bambos (L.) A. Voss, B. atra Lindley, Gigantochloa atroviolacea Wdjaja and Arundinaria hindsii, in Sri Lanka. The lowest mean genetic distance of 0.143 was between B. vulgaris and B. ventricosa. They could however be distinguished morphologically. The genetic distances separating D. longispathus from D. giganteus and D. asper were both greater than that between the latter two species, which had a value of 0.313. Although the genetic distances between Bambusa vulgaris, B. ventricosa and B. bambos were relatively small, B. atra separated from them at greater distances. The smaller genetic distances between G. atroviolacea and B. vulgaris, B. ventricosa and B. bambos indicated that G. atroviolacea had a closer affinity to these three Bambusa species than B. atra. A. hindsii with the greatest genetic distances from all other species in the study, was not related to any of them. RAPD analysis was useful in determining the genetic diversity and relationships and in detecting problematic generic assignments.

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Bamboo is an important multipurpose plant in Indonesia. It is widely used in industry, construction. furniture, and other purposes. As a raw material like solid wood, bamboo needs to be dried. Proper drying can minimize its dimensional changes during usage. improve strength, and eliminate other processing defects. This study was intended to examine influence of age and culm position on drying properties of three bamboo species, i.e. mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz), tali (Gigantochloa apus Kurz). and hitam (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). The most optimum drying temperature for the three species was also determined in this study. Determination of drying schedule was initially explored using medium temperature (80°C) and observing visual defects that may generate during drying, i.e. splits/cracks, and concave or collapse. Results showed that drying properties of each bamboo species were affected by the age and the culm position. The older tree age and the closer the culm location to the top porsion then the lower the shrinkage. Immature culm had a higher drying rate than the mature one, but it had a lower quality. The most suitable drying temperature for those bamboos was ranging about 30 -50 ° C. The proper drying temperature, however, still needs, further trials prior to any usage for commercial operation.