Penaeus Monodon Research Articles

Activated Carbon Based on Chitin Derived from Tiger Shrimp Shell (Penaeus Monodon) with Self-doping Nitrogen-Oxygen for Supercapacitor Material

Abstrak. Material karbon berbasis biopolimer chitin yang tersedia secara alami mendapat perhatian yang substansial sebagai sumber karbon berpori untuk elektroda sel superkapasitor. Fokus utama pada penelitian ini adalah pada karbon berpori berasal dari biopolimer Chitin berbasis cangkang udang dengan doping heteroatom beserta kompositnya dalam aplikasi sel superkapasitor. Tahap pembuatan elektroda karbon melalui proses pra-karbonisasi, aktivasi kimia KOH 0, 0,3 dan 0,5 M, karbonisasi-aktivasi fisika masing-masing dialiri gas N2 dan CO2. Selain itu, untuk menghadirkan permukaan hidrofibik dalam sistem larutan elektrolit yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja sel superkapasitor dapat dilakukan dengan pendopingan oksigen dan nitrogen secara internal. Elektroda karbon yang dihasilkan dikarekterisasi untuk menentukan sifat fisisnya seperti karakterisasi XRD dan FTIR. Analisis sifat elektrokimia sel superkapasitor untuk menentukan nilai kapasitansi spesifik dengan menggunakan metode CV dan GCD. Elektroda yang dihasilkan menunjukkan puncak landai dan beberapa puncak tajam yang mengindikasikan struktur mikrokristalin serta gugus fungsi yang mengandung oksigen dan nitrogen dengan nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi sebesar 227 F/g pada laju pemindaian 1 mV/s di dalam larutan H2SO4 1 M. Studi ini memaparkan strategi yang efektif untuk pengembangan superkapasitor berkinerja tinggi secara ekonomis dari limbah biomassa berbasis chitin yang bersifat terbarukan. Abstract. Naturally available chitin biopolymer-based carbon materials are receiving substantial attention as porous carbon sources for supercapacitor cell electrodes. The main focus of this research is on porous carbon derived from shrimp shell-based Chitin biopolymer with doping heteroatoms and their composites in supercapacitor cell applications. The steps for making carbon electrodes were through a process of pre-carbonization, chemical activation 0, 0.3 and 0.5 M KOH, carbonization-physical activation, each flowed with N2 and CO2 gas. In addition, to presenting a hydrophobic surface in the electrolyte solution system which can improve the performance of supercapacitor cells can be done by doping oxygen and nitrogen internally. The resulting carbon electrode is characterized to determine its physical properties such as XRD and FTIR characterization. Analysis of the electrochemical properties of supercapacitor cells to determine specific capacitance values using CV and GCD methods. The resulting electrode showed a sloping peak and several sharp peaks indicating a microcrystalline structure and functional groups containing oxygen and nitrogen with the highest specific capacitance value of 227 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s in 1 M H2SO4 solution. This study describes an effective strategy for the economic development of high-performance supercapacitors from chitin-based biomass waste which is renewable.

OSCILLATION OF HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SHRIMP PONDS WITHIN MANGROVE-DOMINATED INDIAN SUNDARBANS

The survival rate of Penaeus monodon was monitored for a decade (2010-2019) in two shrimp culture ponds at Chemaguri located at Sagar Island in the Indian Sundarbans delta complex. The two ponds exhibited significant variations in terms of the survival rate of the cultured species, which is attributed to variations in nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen. The root cause of such difference is related to variation in stocking density of the cultured species (10 PL20/m2 in pond 1 and 25 PL20/m2 in pond 2) which resulted in the generation of nutrients (except silicate) and alteration of Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Optimization of stocking density and introduction of a biotreatment pond may restore and ecologically balance the situation in the shrimp culture sector of the Sundarban region.

The Metagenomic Characterization of Bacterial Community in Aquacultured Shrimp Penaeus monodon

Aquaculture has grown rapidly during the last few decades due to research and developmental activities but we are still unaware of the various microbial species thriving within the aquaculture systems and their specific roles for knowing that Mmetagenomics study required environmental sample to discover the unexplored microbial community. The aim of this present study is to characterize the gut microbiota of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon collected gut sample and16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing revealed distinct and diverse microbial communities. The results showed a high abundance of Betaproteobacteria, followed by Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli found in the gut sample Microbes that play essential roles in nutrient cycling and mineralization of organic compounds such as Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria could also be identified. Due to the strong influence of the gut microbiota on fish health, dominant bacterial species in the gut are strong candidates for probiotics. These findings provide valuable information on the microbial community and contribute to controlling the diseases in shrimp farms.

A study of allergen detection panel in Guangzhou, southern China based on real-world data from the past 7 years

This study aims to reduce the cost of allergen testing for Guangzhou, China by limiting the number of allergens for which patients are tested, and provide a testing panel to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency. This retrospective study of real-world data from 2012 to 2019 included 39,570 patients with suspected allergies in Guangzhou, southern China. All the patients were tested for one or more of the following allergens serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE): Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, dog dander, Artemisia vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Blattella germanica, egg whites, milk, wheat, peanuts, soybeans, Cancer pagurus, and Penaeus monodon by PhadiaCAP 1000. Totally, only the positive rates of allergens sIgE in D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, milk, egg whites, B. germanica, C. pagurus, A. alternata, and P. monodon were > 10%, the other allergens were between 4–7%. Moreover, among the allergic diseases, dust mites exhibited the overall highest positive rate, followed by milk and B. germanica. In children, milk was the main allergen, whereas in adults, mites, cockroaches, shrimp, and crab allergens had higher positive rates. The optimal scale analysis shows that the multiple sensitization classification of patients can be divided into three categories: I D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus; II. C. pagurus, P. monodon, and B. germanica; III. Milk and egg whites. Generally, a panel including 4 allergens can detect > 90% of the potential allergy in this local population. In Guangzhou, southern China, D. farinae, milk, B. germanica, and A. alternata as a panel screening allergy for suspected allergic patients was suggested base on this study.

Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous protein with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular functions in vertebrates, which play fundamental roles in innate immune against pathogens and wound healing. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Tβ4 was cloned from Penaeus monodon (designated as PmTβ4), using the technology of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA of PmTβ4 was 1361 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 501 bp, which encoding a polypeptide of 166 amino acid. The Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis results showed that PmTβ4 was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested shrimp tissues, with the highest expression level was detected in the hemolymph, while the lowest expression level in the muscle. The expression level of PmTβ4 was significantly up-regulated in hepatopancreas after challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro antimicrobial test showed that the recombinant protein of PmTβ4 (rPmTβ4) had broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity, which could inhibit both the growth of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, including Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Moreover, rPmTβ4 had a certain binding ability to different bacteria, and this binding ability exhibits a strong dose-dependent effect. In vivo, PmTβ4 could facilitate external bacterial clearance in shrimp, and have beneficial to shrimp survival post V. parahaemolyticus infection. Furthermore, wound-healing assay was carried out to study the role of PmTβ4 in the process of wound healing. The results showed that the PmTβ4 expression was significantly up-regulated by injury treatment, and exerted positive effects to promote wound healing. In addition, PmTβ4 can significantly increase the expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) after injury treatment in shrimp, which would involve in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the wound. In conclusion, these results indicated that PmTβ4 may play important roles in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in Penaeus monodon.

Efficacy of sunscreen gel infused with giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) head extract

Excessive sunlight exposure can lead to various minor skin disorders, including sunburn and the development of chronic skin malignancies. One effective preventive measure against these adverse effects is the use of sunscreen. Sunscreen can be derived from natural sources, such as the astaxanthin compound in giant tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). This study aimed to formulate a sunscreen gel from giant tiger prawn head extract that meets good physical gel standards. Additionally, the study sought to determine the sun protection factor (SPF), erythema transmission level (%TE), and pigmentation transmission level (%TP) through in-vitro testing. The extraction process involved using coconut oil as a solvent using the maceration method. The resultant extract was then evaluated for SPF, %TE, and %TP values and subsequently formulated into gel variants with extract concentrations ranging from 1% to 10%. The findings of this investigation revealed that the giant tiger prawn head extract exhibited SPF, %TE, and %TP values of 8.0±0.11, 18.8±0.25%, and 21.7±0.73%, respectively, categorizing it as providing maximum protection, facilitating fast tanning, and acting as a sunblock. The gel formula containing 8% giant tiger prawn head extract demonstrated the highest sunscreen potential. In conclusion, this study highlights the promising potential of giant tiger prawn head extract as a natural sunscreen ingredient and identifies the optimal gel formula for effective sun protection.

Functional analysis of the cell cycle protein E gene (ccne) in ovarian development of the white ridgetail prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda

To investigate the function of the cell cycle Cyclin E gene (ccne) in the ovarian development of Exopalaemon carinicauda, the gene was cloned using the RACE technique, and the relative expression of ccne was analyzed in different tissues at different stages of ovarian development. The effect of knocking down the expression of ccne on yolk protein vitellogenin (vg) was also investigated at ovarian developmental stage II using RNAi. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of ccne in E. carinicauda (1692 bp, with a 5′UTR of 127 bp, a 3′UTR of 299 bp, and an ORF of 1266 bp) could encode a total of 421 amino acids, with a predicted protein molecular weight of 48.04 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.28. The relative expression of ccne was high during all stages of ovarian development, with the highest expression occurring in stage III. In addition, the phylogenetic tree showed that E. carinicauda and Penaeus monodon were clustered into one branch. Knocking down the ccne expression inhibited the expression of vg, meaning that the expression of ccne and vg were positively correlated. In situ hybridization showed that ccne was abundantly expressed in ova, thus inferring that ccne plays a regulatory role and is involved in nutrient accumulation and transport in the ovaries of E. carinicauda.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of TRIM37 from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

The family of TRIM proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity served important roles in the regulation of innate immune processes, in particular antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine responses. In this study, a novel TRIM37 homolog was identified from Penaeus monodon (named PmTRIM37). The PmTRIM37 protein contained three conserved domains (one RING finger domain, a B-box, and one Coiled-coil region) at its N-terminal and one Meprin and MATH domain at its C-terminal. The MATH domain was the characteristic of TRIM37 family. PmTRIM37 has relatively high expression in immune-related tissues such as hepatopancreas, gills, lymphoid organs and hemocytes. The expression levels of PmTRIM37 in hepatopancreas and lymphoid organs were significantly up-regulated after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Knock down of PmTRIM37 promoted WSSV replication and VP28 expression, suggesting that PmTRIM37 played a negative role in WSSV infection. Further studies revealed that PmTRIM37 positively regulated the NF-κB pathway and Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) expression during WSSV infection. These findings indicated that PmTRIM37 might restrict WSSV replication by positively regulating NF-κB pathway during WSSV infection in P. monodon.

Research of the Protein Profile and Allergenic Properties of the Tropomyosin and Other Allergenic Components in the Composition of Water-Salt Extract of Giant Tiger Shrimp (<i>Penaeus monodon</i>)

Despite the success in identifying new crustacean allergens other than tropomyosin, many potential allergens remain unidentified. At present there are no diagnostic and treatment crustaceans allergens on the Russian market, including tropomyosin of invertebrates. The aim of the research was to explore allergenic properties of tropomyosin and other proteins in water-salt extract from tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Raw and boiled meat of giant tiger shrimp was used to prepare allergenic extracts. To identify the specific activity of experimental allergens, sera from patients allergic to crustaceans with an established degree of activity (class 3) were used. The levels of specific IgE were from 3.5 to 17.5 IU/mL. ELISA was performed with the allergen samples. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of raw and boiled shrimp allergen preparations was followed by Western blotting with the most allergen-specific serum. It has been shown that the extracts from raw and boiled shrimp have allergenic activity (bind IgE). The heat treatment of shrimp had no effect on allergenic activity except for one sample, where a strong reaction with the antigens was found. It is proved that the selected extraction conditions make it possible to reveal the multifractional nature of the protein profile of raw and boiled shrimp extracts. In Western blotting experiments the raw shrimp extract showed a weak reaction; tropomyosin was not detected. At the same time five protein fractions were identified in the boiled shrimp samples which reacted with IgE antibodies of a patient with crustaceans’ allergy. The data obtained will allow us expanding the knowledge about crustacean allergy and continueing our research to determine the optimal conditions for cleaning shrimp allergens.

Ambient copper modulates immunocompetence and induces physiological responses in Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus infection.

Among trace metals, copper is essential for crustaceans' normal growth and metabolism. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine whether the addition of copper in rearing water influences the physiological and immunological responses of Penaeus monodon to white spot syndrome virus infection (WSSV). Adult P. monodon were distributed in experimental tanks and exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3mgl-1 copper concentrations. After 14 days, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV and the biochemical/immune variables were determined on post-metal exposure day 14 and post-challenge days 2 and 5. Significant variations could be observed in the haemolymph (biochemical and immune) variables of P. monodon on exposure to copper and WSSV challenge. Shrimps exposed to copper at 0.1mgl-1 showed higher total haemocyte count, phenol oxidase activity, nitro blue tetrazolium salt reduction, alkaline/acid phosphatase activity, total protein, carbohydrates, lipids, glucose and cholesterol besides maximum post-challenge survival. However, exposure to copper at 0.2 and 0.3 mgl-1 increased the susceptibility to WSSV infection, showing a decrease in the biochemical/immune variables. Therefore, the present study concludes that copper in ambient water induces immunomodulation and evokes physiological responses in P. monodon at sub-lethal doses. Immunostimulatory effects elicited by copper at 0.1mgl-1 enhanced the immunocompetence and reduced the susceptibility of P. monodon to WSSV infection, conferring protection to the animals and resulting in higher survival.

Relationship fecundity – morphometrics in the green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 (Decapoda, Penaeidae), along the Palk Bay, southern Peninsular India

Abstract The green tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus, is a commercial species supporting important fishery along the Palk Bay coasts. It is a much sought-after seafood commodity influencing the livelihood of the local fishers. This study aims to investigate the fecundity of the species in relation to its morphometry. Fecundity is an index of reproductive capacity used to calculate a stock’s reproductive potential and the egg’s survival. The absolute fecundity of the shrimp ranged from 26 100 to 750 000 ova alive per female, and the mean absolute fecundity from 59 100 to 583 000 ova alive per female. The relationship between fecundity and the morphometric measurements showed a positive exponential correlation. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in the different size classes’ carapace length, total weight, ovary weight, absolute fecundity, stomach weight, and gastrosomatic index. There was no significant difference between the relative fecundity and the gonadosomatic index. This study provides insight into the reproductive potential of P. semisulcatus for efficient management of the resource in Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, India.

Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with the Different Farming Systems of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Bangladesh

Microbial community inhabiting the intestine of the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and their surrounding environments (e.g., water and sediment) is considered as a key contributing factor for the sustainable farming of shrimp. Indiscriminate application of antibiotics in aquaculture is a growing concern due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), more specifically the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The present study investigates the microbiome composition and 19 ARGs from four different shrimp farming systems; (i) cluster, (ii) extensive, (iii) semi-intensive, and (iv) improved extensive in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. In doing so, the study applied advanced 16S rRNA-based metagenomic sequencing to study the bacterial composition. Moreover, gene specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the ARGs in shrimp, water, and sediments of different farming systems. In the current study, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were predominant among the samples (n = 12) collected from the different farming systems followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the gut of shrimp cultured in the cluster (relative abundance 53.33%) and semi-intensive (relative abundance 59.2%) culture systems. Results indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly ( p < 0.05 ) distinct among gut, sediment, and water samples as well as the farming systems. The shared operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the sediment sample (16,495) was nearly double than the gut (7,931) and water (8,513) bacterial communities. The improved extensive farming system showed 1,289 (11.05%) shared OTUs among gut, sediment, and water followed by semi-intensive (6.87%), cluster (6.27%), and extensive (5.46%) farming system. Among the tested ARGs, sul1, cat, gyrA(C), tetA, tetC, tetX, ere(A), vanR, and dfrA1 were predominant in water and sediment samples. Semi-intensive farming system had the highest prevalence of ARGs (21.05%) while the lowest prevalence was found in extensive (5.26%) farming system. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive scenario of bacterial composition and growing emergence of ARGs in shrimp farming of Bangladesh. Therefore, the production strategy must focus on the alternatives of antibiotic for shaping the shrimp cultivation technique more sustainable.

Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei n. gen. et comb. (Microsporidia: Enterocytozoonidae): A redescription of the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Tourtip et al., 2009), a microsporidian infecting the widely cultivated shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei from Penaeus vannamei (EHPPv) was redescribed on the basis of spore morphology, life cycle, pathology, and molecular character. Compared with the Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei isolated from Penaeus monodon (EHPPm), described by Tourtip et al. in 2009, new features were found in EHPPv. Electron microscopy demonstrated that EHPPv was closely associated with the nucleus of host cell. The merogony and sporogony phages were in direct contact with the cytoplasm of host cells, whereas some of the sporoblasts and the spores were surrounded by the interfacial envelope. Mature spores of EHPPv were oval and monokaryotic, measuring 1.65 ± 0.15 μm × 0.92 ± 0.05 μm. Spores possessed many polyribosomes around a bipartite polaroplast and the polar filament with 4–5 coils in two rows. Phylogenetic analyses showed all Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei isolates shared a common ancestor. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, we propose the establishment of a new genus Ecytonucleospora and transferring Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei to the genus Ecytonucleospora, retaining the specific epithet hepatopenaei that Tourtip et al. proposed in recognition of their first research, as the new combination Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei n. comb. Furthermore, it was suggested Enterospora nucleophila, Enterocytozoon sp. isolate RA19015_21, and Enterocytozoon schreckii be assigned into this new genus.

Assessment of Three Major Shrimp Stocks in Bangladesh Marine Waters Using Both Length-Based and Catch-Based Approaches

Penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp), Metapenaeus monoceros (brown shrimp), and Fenneropenaeus indicus (white shrimp) are the most economically important shrimp species in the waters of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. This is the first analytical study to assess three major shrimp stocks using both length-based and catch-based methods, such as length-based Bayesian biomass estimation (LBB), length-based indicator (LBI), and a catch-based method entitled JABBA (Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment), to explore and process the data; estimate the growth parameters, with length at first capture; present relative biomasses; and approximate the reference points. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) analysis for the tiger, brown, and white shrimps were L∞ = 113.0 mm, 85.4 mm, and 76.4 mm, respectively, for carapace length. Our results showed that the relative biomass level (B/BMSY) of the tiger shrimp was 0.43, suggesting an overfished status, and brown and white shrimps were 0.84 and 0.96, indicating that they were fully exploited but not overfished. This study, therefore, advised an optimum carapace length limit to catch from 57.0–70.0 mm for tiger shrimp, 44.0–53.0 mm for brown shrimp, and 40.0–48.0 mm for white shrimp. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points were as follows: optimal biomass BMSY = 3116 mt, 15,885 mt, and 2649 mt for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively, and optimal harvest rate uMSY = 12%, 33%, and 8% for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively. The average annual catch values for the last ten years were 265 mt, 2396 mt, and 115 mt below the estimated MSY values of 389 mt, 4899 mt, and 209 mt for tiger, brown, and white shrimp, respectively. But, brown shrimp had the estimated highest carrying capacity (31,770 mt) and intrinsic growth rate (0.66) than the tiger and white shrimp, which was replicated distinctly in the graphical representation of the Kobe plot and the surplus production plot. Hence, the brown shrimp stock is estimated to be in a better state than the tiger and white shrimp stocks.

Heavy metals in wild and cultured shrimp, supplied feeds, and their habitats: Assessing public health risk

The contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in highly priced tiger shrimp and its associated ecosystems and farming conditions (hatcheries and commercial grow-out ponds) were scarcely investigated in South Asian countries. In this study, we determined the five HMs (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) concentrations in PL14 (fourteen days of Post-Larva) of Penaeus monodon, commercial diets, surface water, and sediments from hatcheries, farms, rivers using ICP-MS for two years. The results revealed that surface sediments of rivers and hatcheries had the highest amounts of Cr (65.85 ± 0.82 and 72.50 ± 0.42 mg/kg), Cu (18.82 ± 3.96 and 19.26 ± 4.61 mg/kg), and Zn (63.74 ± 11.14 and 87.42 ± 17.96 mg/kg), whereas commercial farms had the greatest levels of Cd (0.09 ± 0.05 mg/kg). Pb was significantly higher in sediment of hatcheries and farms than in other sites. Except for Zn in surface waters, all metals were found above the recommended limit. In case of supplied feed, all values were in the safe limit excepting Cr (3.39 ± 1.45 to 108.92 ± 3.49 mg/kg). On the other hand, among the metals, only Cr (VI) ranging from 1.75 ± 1.39 mg/kg in P. monodon samples exceeded the suggested international guidelines. The Igeo values of all the metals were Igeo <0, indicating that the study areas were practically unpolluted. PLI values in every station were found to be below 1 which indicates the perfection of the sediment. The Potential Risk Index (PERI) values were less than 150 suggesting low risk of metals in sediments. The public health risk assessment estimated through the calculated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) has shown that the shrimp was safe for consumers except for Cd and Cr. The THQ for Cd and Cr were higher than the threshold (>1) indicating potential health hazards. The low CR values for Cd, Cr Pb were 3.1 × 10−4, 3.7 × 10−4 and 1.6 × 10−4, respectively indicates no cancer risks upon consuming P. monodon.

Quality and stability of different seafood products treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) intended for raw consumption

The consumption of raw fish has rapidly increased in recent years, but being a highly perishable product, it is characterised by a very short microbiological shelf life. High hydrostatic pressure (HPP) processing is a non-thermal technology has emerged recently as a promising alternative to thermal processing for food pasteurization capable of maintaining fresh-like characteristics and nutritional value. However, the induced changes in product quality should be assessed carefully. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of HPP on different seafood products, namely grey mullet, tiger prawn and rose shrimp, intended for raw consumption. Three pressure levels (400, 500 and 600 MPa) were applied for 10 min. During refrigerated storage, microbiological quality, chemical parameters, colour and texture and fat oxidation were analysed. Results showed that the application of lower pressure was able to inactivate E. coli, pseudomonas and/or positive coagulase staphylococci; however, they were able to recover during storage. In addition, the application of 600-MPa pressure extended the microbiological shelf life by up to 30 days. For all samples, general whitening occurred while the texture was affected in a different way for the three considered species. Fat oxidation was only minimally affected and remained quite low during storage.

Halophyte and bivalve-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA): effect on growth, water quality, digestive and antioxidant enzymes of Penaeus monodon and Chanos chanos reared in brackishwater ponds

Halophyte and bivalve-based integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA): effect on growth, water quality, digestive and antioxidant enzymes of Penaeus monodon and Chanos chanos reared in brackishwater ponds

BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METAL IN FARMED TILAPIA AND SHRIMP IN SATKHIRA DISTRICT, SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH

Fish farmers in the Satkhira district, southwest Bangladesh, are progressively moving towards intensive aquaculture, and heavy metal contamination of the feed may frequently occur. This study explores the bioaccumulation of heavy metal in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and shrimp species such as bagda (Penaeus monodon), golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), randomly collected from 3 gheer at Assasuni and Debhata Upazilla in Satkhira, Bangladesh from December 2020 to March 2021. The levels of elements including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and As were evaluated using the flame-AAS and HG-AAS methods followed by Nitric Acid (HNO3)-Perchloric Acid (HClO4) digestion. The results revealed that the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and As were higher than the WHO and FAO recommended levels. Maximum concentrations (mg/kg) of Fe, Mn, Cr, and As were observed as 104.00 ± 8.30 in Tilapia (O. mossambicus) from gheer #3, 3.40 ± 1.71 in Tilapia (O. mossambicus) of gheer #3, 12.80 ± 1.45 in golda (M. rosenbergii) of gheer #1, and 1.96 ± 0.09 in Tilapia (O. mossambicus) from gheer #3, respectively. But on average, M. rosenbergii was discovered to contribute more to the maximum level of almost every metal compared to the other two species, whereas species from gheer #3 were found to be more contaminated. Overall, tilapia and shrimp from all three gheer were considered unsafe for consumption. More research is recommended for estimating the levels of heavy metal accumulation in fish and shrimp over a longer time period and across a wider geographic range.

Research of the Protein Profile and Allergenic Properties of the Tropomyosin and Other Allergenic Components in the Composition of Water-Salt Extract of Giant Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Research of the Protein Profile and Allergenic Properties of the Tropomyosin and Other Allergenic Components in the Composition of Water-Salt Extract of Giant Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Forecasting of Export Prices of Indian Shrimp: An ANN Approach

Both internal and external externalities create impediments in price determination. This is more so when a product like the Indian-farmed shrimp is entirely an export commodity. Risk and uncertainty loom large over Indian shrimp farmers at both the farm and end-consumer levels. It becomes necessary to minimize the volatility in forecasted prices to help shrimp farmers stabilize their production strategies reasonably well. Export prices of Indian Pacific white and black tiger shrimp for different count sizes were analysed for developing forecasting models for two major international markets, viz., the United States and Japan. Overall, 16 data sets were compiled for developing appropriate price forecasting models. Models were developed to forecast weekly prices of shrimp exports from India and import prices from the United States and Japan. Out of several artificial neural network (ANN) models attempted, the best ANN models were selected based on the Akaike information criterion. The ANN model captured the fibrillations and fluctuations and gave a close prediction with actual values. Since the forecasted values were accurate and in sync with real data, the values can be expected to give a correct representation of the behaviour of the markets.