GI POF Research Articles

GI Polymer Optical Fiber enabling Highest Data Transmission Worldwide

This paper describes the potential bandwidth achieved by the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF). Modal dispersion should be minimized to realize the high-speed data transmission in multimode type GI POE On the other hand, when the refractive index profile is optimized to reduce the modal dispersion, mode coupling, and differential mode attenuation come affect the bandwidth characteristic. In this paper, the maximum bandwidth of the GI POF is clarified by considering all important factors mentioned above, andideal design of fiber material and structure is also described. And, it is described that this high speed GI POF will be used in the future how.

Information Technology Industry and Laser Technology. GI Polymer Optical Fiber Enabling Highest Data Transmission Worldwide.

This paper describes the potential bandwidth achieved by the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF). Modal dispersion should be minimized to realize the high-speed data transmission in multimode type GI POE On the other hand, when the refractive index profile is optimized to reduce the modal dispersion, mode coupling, and differential mode attenuation come affect the bandwidth characteristic. In this paper, the maximum bandwidth of the GI POF is clarified by considering all important factors mentioned above, andideal design of fiber material and structure is also described. And, it is described that this high speed GI POF will be used in the future how.

Fabrication and properties of polymer optical fibers containing Nd-chelate

Graded-index poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fibers (GI POF) containing a Nd-chelate have been fabricated. The absorption spectrum of the fiber exhibited several strong bands in the visible and infrared regions. We have observed infrared fluorescence (0.90, 1.06, and 1.3 μm) of the Nd/sup 3+/ ion of the fiber at room temperature when it was pumped with an Ar/sup +/-pumped dye laser at 580 nm.

Which is a more serious factor to the bandwidth of GI POF: differential mode attenuation or mode coupling?

It is clarified for the first time that the effect of the mode coupling on the bandwidth characteristic is very small in the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) compared with in the step-index (SI) POF. Although there have been several trials regarding the theoretical prediction of bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF, a disagreement between measured and estimated properties was observed. The origin of disagreement has been generally explained as the mode coupling effect. However, it is clarified in this paper that the effect of the differential mode attenuation is the dominant factor of disagreement between measured and predicted bandwidth characteristics, while the effect of the mode coupling is small. In order to clarify the reason why the calculated bandwidth characteristics of the GI POF show a disagreement with that measured, differential mode delay and differential mode attenuation were investigated. It was found that the highest order mode in the poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) base GI POF attenuated 17 dB compared with the lowest order mode through 100-m transmission. By taking into account this differential mode attenuation, an excellent agreement is observed between calculated and measured results of both the bandwidth characteristics and group delay, in which no mode coupling was considered.

Thermally stable high-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fiber

High-bandwidth poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA base graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) with high thermal stability is proposed. No distortion of bandwidth was observed even after more than 10000 hours aging at 85/spl deg/C by selecting the large sized aromatic dopant which has a stable secondary interaction with PMMA matrix and maintains the high glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core of GI POF. The relationship between the heat-drawing condition from the GI preform to the fiber and the thermal stability in the attenuation was investigated. It was clarified that the length shrinkage of the fiber during the aging at high temperature caused large attenuation increase. On the other hand, the degree of shrinkage could be tightly controlled by changing the heat-drawing tension. It was confirmed that the GI POF drawn with optimized heat-drawing tension had no shrinkage of the fiber during aging at 70/spl deg/C and no attenuation increase was observed.

Optimum index profile of the perfluorinated polymer-based GI polymer optical fiber and its dispersion properties

The significant advantages in bandwidth and low material dispersion of perfluorinated (PF) polymer-based graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) are theoretically and experimentally reported for the first time. It is confirmed that the low attenuation and low material dispersion of the PF polymer enables 1 Gb/s km and 10 Gb/s km transmission at 0.85-/spl mu/m and 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelengths, respectively. The PF polymer-based CI POF has very low material dispersion (0.0055 ns/nm/spl middot/km at 0.85 /spl mu/m), compared with those of the conventional PMMA-based POF and of multimode silica fiber (0.0084 ns/nm km at 0.85 /spl mu/m). Since the PF polymer-based GI POF has low attenuation from the visible to near infrared region, not only the 0.65-/spl mu/m wavelength which is in the low attenuation window of the PMMA-based GI POF, but other wavelengths such as 0.85-/spl mu/m or 1.3-/spl mu/m etc. can be adopted for the transmission wavelength. It is clarified in this paper that the wavelength dependence of the optimum index profile shape of the PF polymer-based GI POF is very small, compared to the optimum index profile shape of the silica-based multimode fiber. As a result, the PF polymer-based GI POF has greater tolerance in index profile variation for higher speed transmission than multimode silica fiber. The impulse response function of the PF polymer-based GI POF was accurately analyzed from the measured refractive index profile using a Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin (WKB) numerical computation method. By considering all dispersion factors involving the profile dispersion, predicted bandwidth characteristic of the PF polymer-based GI POF agreed well with that experimentally measured.

High temperature resistant graded-index polymer optical fiber

The dopant system graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) for high temperature stability both in bandwidth and attenuation is reported for the first time. We confirmed that the numerical aperture (NA) of the GI POF strongly influences the high temperature stability of the GI POF in the attenuation. It was confirmed in this paper that the attenuation increment was mainly induced by the bending loss, since the GI POF drawn by high tension tended to show its length shrinkage, resulting in irregular bending due to the orientation relaxation of polymer chain. We clarified the optimum drawing tension which maintains high mechanical property and minimizes the length shrinkage of the GI POF at high temperature, and the optimum fabrication conditions of the GI POF for high temperature stability both in bandwidth and attenuation.

2.5 Gbit/s transmission over 200 m PPMA graded index polymer optical fiber using a 645 nm narrow spectrum laser and a silicon APD

We report on a 2.5 Gbit/s transmission experiment at 645 nm wavelength using a PMMA–GI–POF with a core diameter of 500 μm reaching a record distance of 200 m. The result is obtained owing to the use of a very sensitive silicon APD receiver, a laser source with a narrow spectral width, a fiber with improved performance, and low-loss optical interconnection between the components. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 163–166, 1999.

Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fiber with High Thermal Stability of Bandwidth

The development of the perfluorinated (PF) polymer based graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) for high-speed data communication is described. It was experimentally confirmed that gigabit data transmission for 500–1000 m at 1.3 µm wavelength was achieved by the low-loss PF polymer based GI POF. The thermal stability of poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA based GI POF is discussed. We selected several kinds of dopants that can maintain a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of the GI POF core. By using the newly selected dopants, we succeeded in maintaining the parabolic refractive index profile of GI POF with no degradation even at 85 to 90°C for more than 5000 h.

Recent Progress in High-Speed Polymer Optical Fiber

Recent progress of the graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POP) is reviewed. The low-loss perfluorinated (PF) polymer base GI POF experimentally achieved gigabit transmission for more than 200 m in the range of visible to near infrared region. In addition, improvement of the thermal and long-term stability of the bandwidth of the GI POF with using a new dopant material is described.

High-speed photonics polymer and its application

Recent progress in the graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) is reviewed. The low-loss perfluorinated (PF) polymer-base GI POF achieved gigabit transmission experimentally over more than 100 m in the visible to near-infrared region. In addition, improvement of the thermal and long-term stability of the bandwidth of the GI POF by using a new dopant material is described.

Origin of high bandwidth performance of graded-index plastic optical fibers

Observations in high bandwidth graded-index plastic optical fibers (GI POFs) are reported of strong mode coupling and its characteristic square root-like fiber length dependence of the optical pulse broadening. We have further found that the measured refractive index profile is not parabolic, but consists of two markedly different regions. Analysis of the index profile reveals that strong mode coupling increases the GI POF bandwidth from its profile-determined value of 0.43 GHz to its measured value of 3.0 GHz for 100 m.

Optimization of the Refractive-Index Distribution of High-Bandwidth GI Polymer Optical Fiber Based on Both Modal and Material Dispersions

The optimum refractive-index distribution of the high bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) in which material dispersion is taken into account was clarified for the first time. Since modal dispersion remarkably decreases by GI POF, this paper focuses on the ultimate bandwidth achieved by POF, quantitatively estimating the material dispersion as well as modal dispersion. The results indicated that the bandwidth of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based GI POF was dominated by material dispersion when the required data rate becomes larger than a few Gb s−1. It was also confirmed that material dispersion strongly depends on the matrix polymer and that use of fluorinated polymer whose material dispersion (−0.078 ns nm−1 km−1) is lower than that of PMMA (−0.305 ns nm−1 km−1) allows for a 10 Gb s−1 signal transmission.

High-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fiber

High-bandwidth (2 GHz/spl middot/km) graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) was successfully obtained by the new interfacial-gel polymerization technique in which the unreactive component was used in order to obtain the quadratic refractive-index distribution. This high-bandwidth GI POF makes it possible to transmit high-speed optical signals in the short range network which was not covered by the step-index type POF commercially available. The high bandwidth GI POF will open the way for great advantages in the high-speed multimedia network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Large-core, high-bandwidth polymer optical fiber for near infrared use

High bandwidth (more than 500 MHz/spl middot/km) graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) for near infra-red use was successfully fabricated by using partially fluorinated acrylate polymer. Since only three carbon-hydrogen bonds exist in a monomer unit, an absorption loss due to the stretching vibration of the carbon-hydrogen bond was remarkably reduced compared with the conventional POF's. The attenuation of the GI POF at 780-nm wavelength was 135 dB/km, which is much lower than that of the PMMA core POF (800 dB/km). The fluorinated polymer-based GI POF is satisfying a significant segment of high-speed multimedia network applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

2.5 Gbit/s 100 m data transmission using graded-index polymer optical fibre and high-speed laser diode at 650 nm wavelength

High-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) has been successfully obtained which realises 2.5 Gbit/s signal transmission over 100 m spans for the first time by using a 650 nm high-speed laser diode. In the Letter the advantage of the GI POF for high-speed short-range optical communications is described.

High bandwidth and high numerical aperture graded-index polymer optical fibre

A large core (0.5–1.0 mm), high-bandwidth (586 MHz·km), and low-loss (150 dB/km at 650 nm of wavelength) graded-index polymer optical fibre (GI POF) was successfully realised. The high index gradient Δn (0.028) resulted in a significant improvement in the bending loss for less than 50 mm bending diameter compared with previous GI POFs.