Je Ne Research Articles

Real-world analysis of treatment patterns and persistence of octreotide LAR and other agents in patients with advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NET): A multicenter study.

424 Background: Limited data are available to document recent treatment paradigms that span NET disease course. This study aims to report long-term, real-world treatment patterns of advanced GI NET patients (pts) based on data from four tertiary cancer centers (Dana-Farber, MD Anderson, UCSF and Northwestern). Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted in pts diagnosed with advanced, well differentiated GI NET at age ≥18 years and treated with somatostatin analogs (SSAs), targeted therapy (TT), cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC), peptide receptor radiotherapy, liver-directed therapy (LDT) or interferon from 7/2011-12/2014. Eligible pts were followed from advanced NET diagnosis date (earliest recorded diagnosis: 3/1987) to end of follow-up/death (latest recorded date: 5/2017). Analyses of treatment and dosing patterns were performed and persistence of therapy was estimated using Kaplan-Meir analysis. Results: 273 pts were included with mean age of 59 years at advanced NET diagnosis; 64% had functional NET; 57% had ileum as primary tumor site; and 63% had carcinoid syndrome (CS). Most common CS symptoms were diarrhea (87%) and flushing (73%). Majority of pts received octreotide alone (88%) or in combination (2%) with LDT, TT or CC as first-line. Of the 161 pts on second-line, 88% received octreotide alone or in combination; 5 pts (3%) received lanreotide. Most common dose at initiation for octreotide was 30mg/4 weeks (51%) and 20mg/4 weeks (32%); 68% of pts never received > 30mg/4 weeks over the entire treatment course. Median time to treatment discontinuation was 145 months (mos) for octreotide (functional NET: 145; non-functional NET: 117), 13 mos for TT and 6 mos for CC. Conclusions: This study showed that octreotide is the mainstay of treatment for advanced GI NET, as 90% of pts received octreotide alone or in combination with other treatment modalities agents as first-line therapy. 74% continued octreotide alone or in combination with other treatment modalities in the second-line. Most commonly prescribed dose was 30 mg/4 weeks. Pts remained on octreotide long term, with median treatment duration of 12 years.

Kant no Jardim do Não Sei Quê. Notas ao Parágrafo §49 da Crítica da Faculdade do Juízo

The concept of spirit (Geist) developed by Kant on the Critique of Judgement may bring to memory the idea of a je ne sais quoi, spread across Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, which occupied a relevant position on the aesthetic thought of that period. The “Garden of je ne sais quoi”, allegorical place created by Marivaux, is one of the most precious testimonies of that idea. The present essay proposes a rereading of the 49th paragraph of Kant’s third Critique, relating it with the thinkers and poets who have found on je ne sais quoi a privileged way of expression. We will try to show how Kant’s concept of spirit revisits the je ne sais quoi, becoming another path to Marivaux’s garden.

A Prayer for Lim Lee Ching

A Prayer for Lim Lee Ching

Predictive factors associated with carcinoid syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

AIMTo discover unknown factors associated with carcinoid syndrome (CS) with the goal of earlier diagnosis of CS.METHODSIn this retrospective case-control study using United States administrative claims, patients (≥ 18 years) newly-diagnosed with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs) without CS (controls) were exactly matched to patients with CS (cases) based on NET diagnosis date at a 3-to-1 ratio. Study index date was first CS diagnosis (controls: same distance from NET diagnosis as cases). The most observed conditions, excluding CS-associated symptoms/diagnoses, during the year before index date were assessed. Forward-stepwise logistic regression models were used to derive predictors, and were validation within another claims database.RESULTSIn the development database, 1004 patients with GI NETs were identified; 251 (25%) had CS and 753 (75%) were controls. In the validation database, 724 patients with GI NETs were identified; 181 (25%) had CS and 543 (75%) were controls. A total of 33 common diagnoses (excluding conditions already known to be associated with CS) in the development database were entered in forward step-wise logistic regression models. In the final, validated logistic regression model, three factors prior to CS diagnosis were found consistently associated with higher risks for CS, including liver disorder [odds ratio (95%CI): 3.38 (2.07-5.51)], enlargement of lymph nodes [2.13 (1.10-4.11)], and abdominal mass [3.79 (1.87-7.69)].CONCLUSIONGI NET patients with CS were 2-4 times as likely to have preexisting diagnoses (i.e., liver disorder, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal mass) than non-CS patients.

Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors in a U.S. Commercially Insured Population

To estimate incidence and prevalence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs) in U.S. commercially insured patients. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using 2009 to 2014 data from MarketScan and PharMetrics commercial claims databases. Patients were 18 to 64 years old, and had 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims with GI NET, identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Incidence was calculated as number of patients with NET who were disease-free for 2 years prior, divided by number of enrollees and reported as per million person-years (PMPY). Prevalence was calculated as the number of GI NET patients divided by the number of enrollees per year. The annual number of patients with GI NET ranged from 2,014 to 3,413 in MarketScan and 1,436 to 2,336 in PharMetrics. Incidence increased from 2011 to 2014: 67.0 to 79.1 PMPY in MarketScan and 47.4 to 58.2 PMPY in PharMetrics. Incidence increased by 24.3% in females and 10.7% in males in MarketScan, and by 17.6% in females and 29.3% in males in PharMetrics. Incidence increased with age and was highest in the 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 age groups. Prevalence increased from 77.9 to 131.2 per million per year (MarketScan) and 50.8 to 108.9 (PharMetrics) from 2009 to 2014. Prevalence was generally higher in females than males and highest in 55 to 64 year olds. These increases may be due to better diagnostics, increased awareness of NET among clinicians and pathologists, and/or actual increase in disease. Clinicians may see GI NET with increasing frequency and should become more familiar with its presentation and treatment. GI = gastrointestinal; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification; NET = neuroendocrine tumor; PMPY = per million person-years; SEER = Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.

Shattering the Myth of Perfection: “Frenchwomen Know Best” Self-Help Literature in the American Classroom

In self-help literature published in the United States, French women are portrayed as glamorous models to be emulated. Their mythical joie de vivre and je ne sais quoi can supposedly help American women improve their wellbeing, especially when it comes to romance, style, and life balance. The purpose of this study is to document how a first year seminar designed around an examination of these texts has resulted in an increased ability for students to question cultural assumptions and to recognize stereotypes associated with the French.

Thrombotic risk minimization for Diane-35 and generics.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of risk minimization measures on cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE) use in the Netherlands. Potential indications of use and concomitant pharmacy dispensing of other hormonal contraceptives (HC) were assessed among new users in 2011, 2012, and 2014. In this retrospective drug utilization study, new CPA/EE users were identified by pharmacy dispensings in the PHARMO Database Network in 2011, 2012, and 2014. Recent dispensing of drugs to treat acne and concomitant dispensing of other HC were also assessed. General practitioner records were linked to identify diagnoses of acne, other hyperandrogenic conditions, menstrual problems, or consultations for contraceptive management in the preceding year. The number of new CPA/EE users identified per year was 7876 in 2011 and 7562 in 2012 (3.7 new users per 1000 women in both years) and 1401 in 2014 (0.7 per 1000 women). The proportions of users with acne diagnosis or treatment were 55% in 2011, 52% in 2012, and 47% in 2014. Concomitant use of other HC was observed for 3% of new CPA/EE users in 2011, and 2% in 2012 and 2014 (median duration 78days). Another 25% were potential concomitant users (median duration 60days). This descriptive analysis showed similar proportions of CPA/EE users examined with acne or other hyperandrogenic conditions, or with recent acne treatment, or concomitant dispensing of other HC in the Netherlands before and after the referral procedure. The key observation was a strong overall reduction of CPA/EE use in the Netherlands.

Real-world treatment patterns of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: A claims database analysis.

AIMTo describe real-world treatment patterns of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NET).METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, we used 2009-2014 data from 2 United States commercial claims databases to examine newly pharmacologically treated patients using tabular and graphical techniques. Treatments included somatostatin analogues (SSA), cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC), targeted therapy (TT), interferon (IF) and combinations. We identified patients at least 18 years of age, with ≥ 1 inpatient or ≥ 2 outpatient claims for GI NET who initiated pharmacologic treatment from 7/1/09-6/30/14. A 6 mo clean period prior to first treatment ensured patients were newly treated. Patients were followed until end of enrollment or the study end date, whichever was first.RESULTSWe identified 2258 newly treated GI NET patients: mean (SD) age was 55.6 years (SD = 9.7), 47.2% of the patients were between 55 and 64 years, and 48.8% were female. All regions of the United States were represented. 59.6% started first-line therapy with SSA monotherapy (964 with octreotide LAR, 380 with octreotide SA, and 1 with lanreotide), 33.3% CC, 3.6% TT, and 0.5% IF. The remainder received combinations. Mean follow up was 576 d. Overall mean first-line therapy duration was 361 d (449 d for SSA, 215 for CC, 267 for TT). 58.9% of patients had no pharmacological treatment beyond first line. The most common second-line was combination therapy with SSA. In graphical pattern analysis, there was no clear pattern visible after first line therapy.CONCLUSIONIn this study, 60% of patients initiated treatment with SSA alone or in combination. The relatively long time to discontinuation suggests possible sustained effectiveness and tolerability.

Robert G. Parr (1921-2017).

Robert G. Parr, emeritus professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, passed away at the age of 95 on March 27, 2017. Parr was one of the founders of quantum chemistry, and his seminal contributions to the field included ab initio methods, semiempirical techniques, molecular spectroscopy, and density functional theory. Bob's influence perfuses quantum chemistry, including both semiempirical (a strategy he pioneered) and ab initio (a term he coined) approaches. Indeed, his work is so pervasive that it is easier to characterize his research style—mathematical elegance; deep intuition; minimalist writing; curiosity; prescience—than his research discoveries. He approached chemistry with the humility of one who recognizes that the discipline is so big that it can not be completely mastered, even by its most accomplished practitioners, and with the grace of one who regards advancing science as an intrinsically ennobling pursuit. Bob's scientific journey started as a molecular spectroscopist—guided by Paul Cross at Brown University (BS) and Bryce Crawford at the University of Minnesota (PhD)—working to compute molecular vibrational frequencies. This led to pioneering work on configuration interaction calculations in the early 1950s. He continued to work on ab initio methods during this decade (including seminal work on strong orthogonality and electron group functions), but this is also when he laid the foundations of semiempirical quantum chemistry. He established the zero-differential overlap approximation and showed how to rigorously derive π-electron effective Hamiltonians for conjugated hydrocarbons. The need to parameterize the integrals in semiempirical methods led to the Pariser–Parr–Pople model (1953), which was the first method to successfully predict the electronic spectra of sizable organic molecules. The Pariser–Parr–Pople Hamiltonian is still used today, most often in the simplified form that Hubbard introduced almost a decade later. Topics related to molecular spectroscopy continued to dominate Bob's work in the 1960s and early 1970s. During this period, he developed generalized Hellmann–Feynman theorems and the Simons–Parr–Finlan coordinate transformation. Nonetheless, more traditional quantum chemistry research (including the corresponding orbital transformation, the analysis of basis-set convergence, and the study of wavefunction asymptotics) continued apace. In the late 1970s, his interests shifted to (reduced) density matrices and density functional theory (DFT). These topics, alongside periodic forays into information theory, spectroscopy, wavefunction methods, and other topics, would dominate the last four decades of his life. More than anyone else, he brought DFT to fruition as a method for chemists for quantitative prediction and qualitative understanding of chemistry. He made key contributions to the mathematical framework of DFT, including the elucidation of the derivative discontinuity, the characterization of the exchange-correlation potential, and the development of functional-analytic techniques. He created computational methods, including the pervasive Lee–Yang–Parr correlation energy functional. He pioneered the idea that chemical concepts could, and should, be given precise mathematical definitions, and with Ralph Pearson he used the DFT framework to define chemical hardness and to clarify the hard/soft acid/base principle. He also used DFT to provide modern refinements to the concepts of electronegativity and frontier-molecular-orbital theory. Bob was beyond generous, both scientifically and personally. He would not agree to be a co-author unless he felt he had made an essential and specific intellectual contribution to a paper. Nearly half the papers describing research performed in his laboratory did not include his name, including classic papers on the Hartree–Fock molecular orbitals, the contracted Schrödinger equation, local thermodynamics, classical DFT, and electronegativity-equalization methods. Over the course of his professional career, he was Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University; from 1948), Johns Hopkins University (from 1962), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (from 1974). He won numerous fellowships and awards, and was a member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Bob pursued science in an idyllic and romantic way, and it comes as no surprise that he also wrote poems. The late Vedene Smith liked to refer to the extended circle of Parr's students, postdoctoral fellows, senior visitors, and their associates as the Parr-tisans. He was not the only person to note that people who came through Bob's group had a certain je ne sais quoi. It was impossible to work with Bob and not be inspired by his irrepressible curiosity, his eagerness to try new mathematical tools and new intuitive strategies, his obsession with all things that were interesting and fundamental, and, most of all, his example as a scientific global citizen.

Predictive factors of carcinoid syndrome among patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs).

e15690 Background: Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is associated with a significant symptom burden and deleterious impacts on quality of life. Patients may experience delays in CS diagnosis of 5 to 7 years from initial onset of symptoms, as symptoms may be mistaken for other diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome or menopause. The current study attempts to detect factors predictive of CS prior to CS diagnosis among patients with GI NETs. Methods: Using a US administrative claims database (IMS PharMetrics) and a retrospective case-control study design, patients (≥18 years) who were newly diagnosed with GI NETs without CS (controls) were exactly matched to patients with CS (cases) based on NET diagnosis date (month and year) at a 3-to-1 ratio. For CS patients, the study index date was the first CS diagnosis date. Each control patient was assigned to have the same index month and year as the matched case patient. The most frequently observed conditions other than symptoms/diagnoses known to be associated with CS during the 1 year prior to the index date were assessed. These conditions were entered into a forward-stepwise logistic regression model to derive predictive factors. Similar methods were applied to another administrative claims database (Truven Health Analytics MarketScan) to validate these predictors. Results: In the development database 1,004 patients with GI NETs were identified, among whom 251 (25%) had CS and 753 (75%) were controls. In both databases, three factors prior to CS diagnosis were found consistently associated with higher risks for CS, including liver disorder [odds ratio (95% CI): 3.38 (2.07 - 5.51)], enlargement of lymph nodes [2.13 (1.10 - 4.11)], and abdominal mass [3.79 (1.87 - 7.69)]. Conclusions: By assessing patients with GI NET from two independent US claim databases, this study suggested that patients diagnosed with CS were 2-3 times more likely to be diagnosed with liver disorder, enlargement of lymph nodes, or abdominal mass, than those without CS during the one year prior to CS diagnosis. Future studies using patients’ medical charts are warranted to validate and interpret the findings. These findings, when validated, may aid physicians to diagnose CS patients earlier.

The Manner of Blackness in Nella Larsen's Passing

Abstract Commentators have suggested that Nella Larsen's Passing rejects the view that there is some sort of black essence. This article challenges this reading. Since Irene is the most vocal advocate of an essence in respect to which all blacks are homogenous, much of the evidence for thinking that Passing is skeptical about such an essence amounts to evidence for not trusting Irene's judgment in general, and for not trusting her judgment on this matter in particular. My arguments, then, will often involve explaining why Passing is not leading the reader to mistrust Irene's judgment on this matter. Now, what exactly is meant by a black essence is, explicitly in this book, mysterious. Nevertheless, this article intends to shed some light on how Passing understands the nature of this something, this je ne sais quoi, peculiar to blacks. My tentative interpretation is that this something is an intangible and indefinite manner of being that is neither a conscious choice nor an inborn fact of biology, but rather a given of culture. This article takes this, in effect, blackness manner to be, so Passing seems to indicate, a function of one's belief that one is black in a milieu of pervasive anti-black prejudice. Passing thus has something to offer those today who struggle to adjudicate between a pull towards essentialism and a pull towards constructionism. What Passing emphasizes in this discussion is the possibility that, in addition to biological and societal influences, one's mind state is a crucial ingredient to one's racial identity.

I’m not Charlie: (Im)politeness evaluations of the Charlie Hebdo attack in an internet discussion forum

In reaction to the deadly attack on Charlie Hebdo staff in January 2015, the Je suis Charlie movement emerged as a demonstration of solidarity with the victims. At the same time, however, the Je ne suis pas Charlie counter-stance found its way mostly into unofficial discussions, which became prolific fora where the in/appropriateness of the actions of the parties involved in the act was debated. The numerous Internet-based discussions offer a wealth of evaluative data which can be analysed using the methods and procedures of recent politeness theorisation. The main objective of the paper is to examine how (im)politeness evaluations are made within a particular Internet discussion forum by the commenters themselves vis-à-vis the perspectives and the identities they assume. Conceived within the framework of ‘politeness as social practice’, the paper seeks to access the commenters’ identities and the respective ‘moral orders’ to which they seem to orient themselves when making their evaluations. It is claimed that these (im)politeness evaluations as manifestations of their metapragmatic awareness can be used as a venue for the study of how individual, group-based and societal value systems are negotiated, contested and ratified within computer-mediated communication settings.

The Event of Charlie Hebdo: Imaginaries of Freedom and Control ed. by Alessandro Zagato

Reviews 287 of Rousseauan relations. Examining a wide range of Rousseau’s works including Émile, Julie, the Discourses, the Social Contract, the Letter to D’Alembert, the Reveries and others, Warner surveys “the major forms of human association” (2) in Rousseau’s thought. Adopting a perspective that is both literary and philosophical, Warner examines relationships based on pity, sexual desire, romantic love, friendship, and political association. In so doing, he seeks to determine whether or not these varied relationships can resolve the fundamental problem of man in society. This problem is defined in the study not as the establishment of freedom, but rather as the creation of inner unity within the fragmented individual. Warner’s keen eye for detail leads to complex and subtle analyses that defy simplistic resolution of the problem. Statements such as “I emphasize the defectiveness of Rousseau’s characterizations of the state of nature and the sentiment of pity not because he was unaware of them, but because he was” (69), or “the cross-cutting pressures that constitute social life overwhelm all efforts at comprehensive resolution, and the hybrid character of political life ends up producing the very dividedness it was set up to prevent” (28), exemplify Warner’s ability to tease out the not-so-obvious complexities, contradictions, and paradoxes of Rousseau’s thought. The author’s firm grasp of Rousseau’s works and modern-day criticism keeps the study on solid ground at all times, and the reader is bound to walk away from the book with much that is new and thought-provoking. Warner’s style is clear, concise, and aesthetically pleasing, with no small amount of wit worked into chapter subsection titles that include pop-culture references such as Lawrence Tureaud’s signature tagline (69) and English punk rock song lyrics (113). Far from diminishing the gravitas of Warner’s argument, such well-placed references provide a topic-appropriate release in tension as Warner dives deeper and deeper into his“tragic” (217) interpretation of Rousseau’s self-conscious “failure” (4, 217) to resolve the problem of the individual in society. Warner provocatively concludes that this selfconscious failure shows Rousseau’s intent was not to reform society, but rather to bring about the“moral improvement and transformation of individual readers”(225). Such a conclusion will no doubt generate discussion amongst specialists, as all worthwhile ideas should. Rousseau and the Problem of Human Relations will be of value to literary and political scholars specializing in Rousseau studies, as well as specialists in other areas of Enlightenment literature, history, and political philosophy. Ohio University Christopher Coski Zagato, Alessandro, ed. The Event of Charlie Hebdo: Imaginaries of Freedom and Control. New York: Berghanh, 2015. ISBN 978-1-78533-079-9. Pp. 114. $13. Les neuf articles de ce court volume s’interrogent sur les conséquences sociopolitiques de l’attaque terroriste du 7 janvier 2015 contre le journal satirique Charlie Hebdo. Dans“The Barbariat and Democratic Tolerance”, Knut Rio établit un parallèle entre les événements parisiens et la violence terroriste de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne (1954–1962)—faisant référence au film de Gillo Pontecorvo, La bataille d’Alger (1966)—qu’il considère comme “a continuing reapparance of the systematic conflicts built into French colonialist relations” (15). Il nous rappelle les rassemblements spontanés de millions de Parisiens, descendus dans les rues de la capitale quelques jours après les drames pour dénoncer la haine et la barbarie. Cette “France debout” (13), défenseuse de la République, fut prise d’un singulier élan de solidarité qui se manifesta notamment par le slogan populaire “Je suis Charlie”, un “global web buzz” (13). D’ailleurs, Mari Hanssen Korsbrekke dans “Where Were You, Charlie?” compare le slogan “Je suis Charlie” à la réplique “I’m Spartacus” du film de Stanley Kubrick Spartacus (1960),reconnaissant un même désir de solidarité,toutefois exprimé différemment. De plus, elle examine comment“Je suis Charlie”a engendré de nouvelles formes d’activisme politique sur les réseaux sociaux. À travers l’exemple d’Ahmed, un élève de huit ans qui n’avait pas adhéré au slogan—“Je ne suis pas Charlie...

The Cosmopolitan Coin: What Modernists Make of Money

The Cosmopolitan Coin:What Modernists Make of Money Nicky Marsh (bio) "Ive just got your note about Je ne parle pas. No, I certainly won't agree to those excisions if there were 500000000 copies in existence. They can keep their old £40 and be hanged to them. Shall I pick the eyes out of a story for £40. I'm furious with Sadler. No, Ill never agree." —Katherine Mansfield to John Middleton Murry, April 6, 19201 "I feel I was too undisciplined about my story & Constable. I leave it to you. Youre my Cricket. If you agree to what they say—why then, alls well (and I DO want the money). Je t'aime." —Katherine Mansfield to John Middleton Murry, April 7, 19202 This exchange of letters between Katherine Mansfield and John Middleton Murry hints at a story familiar to both writers and lovers: to negotiations over independence, to a desperate weighing of what is free against what must be paid for, to a pattern of rebukes followed by carefully calculated gifts. The letters are typical of the lovers' correspondence, which details a series of increasingly complex transactions between them regarding both how to get money (through allowances, loans, publications, work as a reviewer, an actress, a manicurist, even, very briefly, a kitchen help in a bombarded underground Paris kitchen) and how to spend money (on temporary homes, journeys, printing presses, dubious medicines, and the ever-ubiquitous flowers). The complexities of Mansfield's relationship to money were evident in the different meanings and names she gave to it. The money she gave to Murry was an "egg in the nest," a down payment on a fertile future that she knew that they were unlikely to share, whilst she imagined that Murry kept his own money in a "wild thyme bank," making her the Titania to his Oberon and the future a passionate but disturbed dream.3 Her recurring fears about Murry's fidelity were reported as a nightmare in which he gives away the money he earns from writing, a nightmare from which she awakes "terrified lest this might happen. Never let it" because this money is his "blood. Never give it away."4 The money given to her by the ever-loyal Ida Baker, however, is merely "T" (tea) because it is "such a comfort."5 The meanings given to these different types of money indicate, of course, very different rates of exchange, rates that are affected as much by the psychodynamics of sexual desire as by the political and cultural dynamics of class, race, and gender. Murry's "blood" money is defined by restriction—it can only be exchanged for its full value with Mansfield—whereas the "tea" that flows between her and Baker is framed through a casual sociality that explicitly resists such exclusivities. Mansfield (living on a New Zealand-denominated allowance from her father and moving between Bavaria, England, France, and Italy in the 1910s and 1920s) also had a literal experience of such differential rates of exchange. Yet the accounts that her letters provide of these exchanges often suggest a surprisingly similar set of investments in them. Sometimes, for example, Baker would be sent to several different banks to accomplish a single transaction at maximum financial advantage whereas, at other times, Mansfield would lose money on the exchanges because Kay (the manager of the New Zealand Bank in London and a substitute for her own banking father for much of her adult life) "had taken such pains to arrange the matter and as he said 'tickle them up,'" a "[s]entimentality" which cost her "22 lire. It won't do. I always feel people's feelings are being hurt. I suppose they are not really & Im very silly."6 Yet scholarship has had surprisingly little to say regarding both how modernists assigned symbolic meaning to money or what these symbolic meanings suggest about the larger issue of how the discipline itself understands money. Although the social and political relations of markets, publics, and institutions have been central to the past two decades of modernist studies, as figures such as Lawrence Rainey, Rachel Bowlby, and Joyce Piell Wexler have captured the complex ambivalence...

Memories of Media: An Interview with Carine Tardieu

Memories Of Media:An Interview With Carine Tardieu Tim Palmer (bio) The multitalented Carine Tardieu is an award-winning writer-director of short films and features, working in both television and cinema, as well as being an acclaimed children's novelist. Formatively inspired by Roald Dahl's more outlandish writings, after fitful studies in psychology and nursing, Tardieu found her vocation as a highly media-literate storyteller, exploring the inner lives of adolescents both mesmerized and frustrated by the bizarre adult world around them. Initially Tardieu conceived of her nonrealist narratives, whether words or images, primarily as a way of transcribing her youthful fantasies and dreams, to distill a solitary childhood consumed by her escapist passions: devouring novels and films. Central to this approach, though, is Tardieu's stylized intertextuality, representing traumatic memories on-screen via legacy formats and personal archives. From these points of departure, Tardieu's sparkling career began. After graduating from L'École Supérieure de Realisation Audiovisuelle (ESRA), Tardieu continued to write while she [End Page 142] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Carine Tardieu. Courtesy of Michaël Crotto. worked her way up through the filmmaking ranks, initially as a trainee assistant and grip on productions like Martine Dugowson's Portraits chinois (1996) and Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau's Jeanne et le garçon formidable (1998); gravitating toward casting extras for Andrzej Zulawski's La Fidélité (2000); then acquiring more hands-on experience, as second assistant director, on Rithy Panh's Que la barque se brise, que la jonque s'entrouve (2001). After meeting, and being mentored by, writer-director Michel Leclerc, Tardieu successfully pitched to France 2, where she wrote episodes of the ironically titled cult TV series Age sensible (2002), set in an unruly college dorm. Emboldened, Tardieu wrote and directed two prize-winning shorts, Les Baisers des autres (2003) and L'Aîné de mes soucis (2004), the former thanks to a twenty-thousand- euro grant from the Centre National du Cinéma et de l'Image Animée (CNC). After being [End Page 143] commissioned to adapt both shorts as ciné-novels, Tardieu's career flourished. She published children's books, Je ne suis pas soeur Emmanuelle (2009) and Des Poules et des gateaux (2010), and was writer-director of two successful comedy-drama feature films, gaining a reputation as an accomplished director of child actors. La Tête de maman (2007), Tardieu's acclaimed debut feature, starring Karin Viard and Kad Merad, depicts the misadventures of a driven, introspective girl, the fifteen-year-old Lulu (Chloé Coulloud), who propels her increasingly depressive mother to reconnect—whether she likes it or not—with an old boyfriend. Key to the film is how Lulu engages literally and figuratively with media archives to try to understand her withdrawn mother and her estranged parents. Indeed, when Lulu discovers a cache of old photographs, home movies, and cans of 16mm filmmaking in the attic of her unhappy family's home, Tardieu uses legacy formats as her pivotal dramatic device. Whether it is shots of Holocaust newsreels projected behind a silhouetted parent's back or animated vintage postcards that bring her moribund mother back to life again, images from the past, citations of twentieth-century media formats, are what highlight generational drift, the alienation of children from adults, and the process of aging and attrition. One signature Tardieu set piece, in which Lulu watches in secret, enraptured, rediscovered 16mm footage of her mother's younger self, deliriously happy with her old boyfriend, flickering into life on a garden wall, underlines this trajectory. Based on a popular bande dessinée, the more overtly fantastical Du Vent dans mes mollets (2012), another star-studded production (with Agnès Jaoui, Denis Podalydès, Isabelle Carré, and Isabella Rossellini), set in the 1980s, also focuses on a young girl's anarchic reactions to a constrictive domestic situation, framed strategically via archival media citations as repressed images from the past. This time, the catalytic figure is nine-year-old Rachel (Juliette Gombert), initially shy and withdrawn, whose rebellious awakening—after a libertarian girl, Valérie (Anna Lemarchand), joins her school—parallels, and instigates, her parents' renewed...

Prescribing of cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol in UK general practice: a retrospective descriptive study using The Health Improvement Network

ObjectiveTo investigate prescribing patterns of cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE) in the United Kingdom before and after the 2013 prescribing guidance. Study designWe conducted a retrospective descriptive study in UK general practice. The study population included women with a first prescription (index date) for CPA/EE in The Health Improvement Network in 2011 (N=2760), 2012 (N=2923) and 2014 (N=2341).We evaluated the proportion of new CPA/EE users with (i) a diagnosis of a hyperandrogenic condition, menstrual problem, consultation for contraception management, and other acne treatment, in the year before the index date; and (ii) proportion of new CPA/EE users with concomitant use of another hormonal contraceptive (HC). ResultsThe percentage of CPA/EE new users with a record of a hyperandrogenic condition was 61% in 2011, 62% in 2012 and 63% in 2014. Corresponding percentages for acne were 51%, 54% and 55%, respectively. When manually reviewing patient records for a sample of CPA/EE new users (n=200), the acne was recorded in 77% of women, hirsutism in 9.5% and polycystic ovary syndrome in 9.5%. Majority of CPA/EE users had a prior acne diagnosis and/or treatment, 76% (n=2091) in 2011, 79% (n=2296) in 2012 and 78% (n=1834) in 2014. Concomitant use of CPA/EE and another HC was rare, 1% of CPA/EE users in 2011 and fewer than 0.5% of CPA/EE users in both 2012 and 2014. ConclusionsBefore and after 2013, the majority of UK women starting treatment with CPA/EE had a condition in line with its approved indication and had received prior acne treatment as per guidance.

“Everyone Breeds in His Own Image”: Staging theAethiopicaacross the Channel

“Everyone Breeds in His Own Image”: Staging the<i>Aethiopica</i>across the Channel

Prescribing patterns of combined hormonal products containing cyproterone acetate, levonorgestrel and drospirenone in the UK

BackgroundThere are limited data to show the levels of prescribing of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and other hormonal products containing estrogen/progestogen combinations that may be outside the product licence.AimsTo determine...

Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maïwenn by Cybelle H. McFadden

Reviewed by: Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maïwenn by Cybelle H. McFadden Cheira Belguellaoui McFadden, Cybelle H. Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maïwenn. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2014. Pp 246. ISBN: 978-1-61147-632-3. $84 (Hardcover). Cette étude rigoureuse, divisée en deux parties (« Self-Authorization through Self-Representation » et « Self-Construction Through Faux Narratives »), se propose de théoriser l’apport de l’autoreprésentation et/ou travail de réflexivité dans les travaux (datant de 1987 à 2009) de Varda, Cabrera, Akerman, Calle et Maïwenn. Ainsi McFadden regroupe trois générations de cinéastes et artistes différentes dont l’œuvre insiste sur le caractère protéiforme [End Page 153] de l’altérité féminine et contrecarre de facto l’objectivation de cette même altérité véhiculée continuellement sur les écrans. En usant de leur propre corps dans leur œuvre, ces cinéastes — selon McFadden — font l’expérience de leur corporalité en tant qu’artistes et non en tant que corps sexué et/ou objectivé. De ce fait, l’auteure cherche à démontrer comment la présence et l’expérience corporelle réflexive de ces femmes cinéastes non seulement modifient la perception et signification des corps féminins tels qu’ils sont représentés au cinéma, mais aussi renforcent aussi la visibilité et statut d’auteur de ces mêmes femmes cinéastes; une notion sur laquelle McFadden revient tout au long de son étude (8). Dans son introduction détaillée, l’auteure opte pour une approche interdisciplinaire. Elle théorise la démarche exploratoire et créative de ces femmes cinéastes en reprenant, entre autres, deux concepts : celui de réflexivité tel qu’il est élaboré par Robert Stam et le concept beauvoirien du corps en tant que situation, puisque celui-ci suggère l’autonomie et les expériences de la femme dans son contexte socio-culturel (11). Le premier chapitre se focalise sur l’œuvre de Varda dont Jane B. par Agnès V. et tient compte des intentions de la cinéaste quant à l’inclusion de son corps vieillissant dans Les plages d’Agnès (44). Selon McFadden, cette matérialité du corps âgé de Varda (ou « body-made-image ») aurait une double fonction : d’une part, elle permet de contester (et contraster avec) une imagerie réductrice du corps féminin jeune et sexué, et d’autre part, elle a pour effet de déstabiliser le regard masculin porté sur ce dernier. McFadden note que la transformation du corps féminin (peu vu au cinéma) est ici parfaitement soutenue par le concept beauvoirien du corps en situation (57). L’analyse du travail d’Akerman (chapitre 2) tient compte du long processus créatif de la cinéaste tout en soulignant, par exemple, ses incertitudes à travers ses autoportraits tels qu’elles sont observées dans Chantal Akerman par Chantal Akerman (79). McFadden souligne de même l’importance de l’origine juive d’Akerman dans le travail de celle-ci et note la problématique posée par l’interdit de la représentation parmi les juifs orthodoxes, d’où le cinéma minimaliste d’Akerman (94). Chez Cabrera (chapitre 3), le corps — ou « camera-body » —constitue un instrument de découverte privilégié de soi. Sa représentation ou image serait le résultat d’une fusion entre le corps de la cinéaste et la caméra dans Demain et encore demain (114) ce qui explique le caractère hybride et personnel de son travail. Cette technique la différencie de Calle (chapitre 4) puisque cette dernière narre une intimité méticuleusement construite à partir d’un mélange de vérité et fiction (145). Le travail de Calle s’inspire essentiellement de personnes qui lui sont étrangères et dont les histoires lui permettent de créer ses propres images et récits (172). Finalement, dans le chapitre 5, McFadden met en avant la notion de « faux reflexivity » afin d’expliquer le recours intentionnel à l’ambiguïté chez Maïwenn (notamment dans son faux...

Cybelle McFadden. Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maïwenn. Lanham: Farleigh Dickinson UP, 2014. xii + 233 pp.

Review of Cybelle McFadden. Gendered Frames, Embodied Cameras: Varda, Akerman, Cabrera, Calle, and Maiwenn. Lanham: Farleigh Dickinson UP, 2014. xii + 233 pp.