The essential oils of the leaves of two aromatic species collected in Benin, Dennettia tripetala and Uvariodendron angustifolium were analyzed by GC and GC / MS. The major components of the D. tripetala oil were 2-Phenylnitroethane (52.6%), linalol (26.8%) and methyl eugenol (5.6%). That U. angustifolium was dominated by geranial (44.9%), neral (32.1%) and geraniol (2.0%). The evaluation of the toxicity on S. cerealella was performed in the laboratory by a fumigation method in a closed glass jar at a temperature of 29 ± 2 °C and natural photoperiod with a relative humidity of 70 ± 10%. The results show an insecticidal effect on the samples for the two dose 0.5μl.ml-1 24 h after exposure, with an effect significantly higher in the case of D. tripetala (LC50 = 0.253μl.ml-1 and LC99 = 2.685μl.ml-1) efficiency. This toxicity of the essential oils was also illustrated by the significant inhibition of emergence of insects compared to control groups, without affecting the germination of rice seeds