Germination Of Onion Seeds Research Articles

ИНТРОДУКЦИЯ ALLIUM АLTAICUM PALL. В СИБИРСКОМ БОТАНИЧЕСКОМ САДУ ТГУ

The purpose of research is to study the economic and biological characteristics of Allium altaicum Pall. (Altai onion) in the conditions of the subtaiga zone of the Tomsk Region. Objectives: to study the rhythm of seasonal development, morphological characteristics; to determine seed productivity and seed quality. The study was carried out on the ecosystem dendrological territory of the Siberian Botanical Garden of the Tomsk State University in 2020–2023. When conducting the study, generally accepted methods were used: N.A. Naumova, I.N. Beideman, G.N. Zaitsev, B.A. Dospehov. The objects of the study were three samples of Allium altaicum Pall. The seeds were obtained from the botanical gardens of Ivanovo, Norway and Germany. Collection samples are 2–4 years old. Samples of A. altaicum show high seed germination in the year of harvesting – from 93.5 to 96.7 %. All samples make self-seeding, which indicates adaptation of the species upon introduction. When propagating A. altaicum from seeds, it is recommended to use seeds no older than 1 year of storage. Under the conditions of the Tomsk Region, A. altaicum samples undergo a full development cycle. The growing season ranges from 156 to 160 days. The studied samples are promising for use for cutting greenery in early spring and autumn. High seed productivity and seed germination were revealed. Fungal species (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Stachybotrys) found on the seeds are capable of producing toxins and inhibiting the germination of onion seeds. The maximum diversity of fungi was found on the seeds of A. altaicum from Ivanovo, the least – on the seeds of samples from Norway and Germany, which affected the decrease in seed germination during storage.

Influence of biological preparations on the energy of germination and germination of vegetable seeds

In this article, the influence of biological preparations on the germination energy and germination of onion, carrot and table beet seeds has been studied and established. Scientific research was carried out in laboratory conditions of the department “Technologies for the cultivation of vegetable crops (group of agrochemistry and plant protection)” of the regional branch “Kainar” of the «Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture and Vegetables» LLP. The scientific article provides data for 2024. The results of laboratory studies showed that pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds and root crops (carrots, beets) with biological preparations improved their growth parameters. The best indicators of germination energy and seed germination were noted in variants where onion seeds were treated with TRAINER, Gumat (calcium humate), ALKARAL Herb, and AMINO CORE; on carrots - with ALKARAL Herb, Bioenzyme+K, Gumat (calcium humate) and TRAINER, on table beets - with Scudo, AMINO CORE, Gumat (calcium humates) and ALKARAL Herb. It was found that the use of biological preparations increased the germination of onion seeds to 5,3-10,0 %, carrots - to 3,0-8,2 %, table beets - to 4,3 %-5,8 %.

Assessment of allelopathic, cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Smilax brasiliensis Sprengel leaves.

Smilax brasiliensis (Smilacaceae) is a native Brazilian plant found in the Cerrado biome and commonly used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic potential of extract and fractions of Smilax brasiliensis leaves. Quercetin and rutin isomers were observed in the subfractions. The dichloromethane fraction (1000μg/mL) decreased lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed vigor, while and ethyl acetate and hydromethanol fractions (1000μg/mL) affected the germination, and quercetin and rutin affected the vigor and germination of onion seeds. The extract, fractions, quercetin, and rutin inhibited or promoted lettuce hypocotyl and radicle growth. The extract and fractions inhibited onion hypocotyl growth at all concentrations. With regards to radicle growth, the results were diversified: growth was either inhibited or promoted. Rutin and quercetin inhibited onion hypocotyl and radicle growth at all concentrations. The extract and fractions of Smilax brasiliensis, rutin, and quercetin did not cause cytotoxic effect evaluated by mitotic index. The extract and fractions showed genotoxic effects. Quercetin and rutin did not cause genotoxic effects. On the other hand, the extract and fractions showed antigenotoxic effects at all tested concentrations, where they were able to revert chromosomal abnormalities caused by glyphosate. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the possible use of the S. brasiliensis leaf methanol extract and fractions as natural sources of bioherbicides.

Salicylic acid in the physiological priming of onion seeds subjected to water and salt stresses

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiological priming with salicylic acid on the mitigation of water and salt stresses on onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds. For this, seeds of onion, cultivar IPA 11, were soaked in salicylic acid solution (50 µM) for 24 h and placed to germinate at different water and saline potentials. For water stress, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (salicylic acid with 0 and 50 µM and osmotic potentials of 0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4 MPa induced by polyethylene glycol 6000), with four repetitions of 50 seeds per plot. In salt stress, the adopted experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (salicylic acid at concentrations of 0 and 50 µM and the osmotic potentials of 0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa induced by NaCl), in four repetitions of 50 seeds. For both experiments, germination, growth and accumulation of organic solutes were evaluated. Salicylic acid did not stimulate the germination of onion seeds in the absence of stress, but the application of 50 µM of salicylic acid increased the germination speed, growth and dry matter accumulation under conditions of water and salt stress. Onion plants were efficient in performing osmotic adjustment up to the potentials of -0.2 MPa induced by PEG 6000 under water stress and of -0.4 MPa induced by NaCl under salt stress.

SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HIGHER PLANTS AS GROWTH REGULATORS FOR ONIONS

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.

English

Magnetic field is considered a simple and cheap method for stimulation of germination process compared to traditional chemical processes. In this research, laboratory experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Unit, Mansoura, Egypt to evaluate the effect of magnetic field on germination, seedling growth and cytogenetic characters of fresh and carry over (old) onion seeds (c.v.Giza Red). Seeds were magnetically pretreated by different magnetic field (0.03 or 0.06 T) using static magnetic device for different periods time (30, 60 and 90 mint). The obtained results indicated that magnetic field treatment increased all germination and seedling growth characters compared with control. Exposed fresh and carry over seeds to 0.06 T with 30 mint gave the heights values of germination percentage, germination rate, speed germination index and seedling growth parameters, that is, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor I and seedling vigor II. Whereas, mean germination time was decreased using 0.03 T with 60 mint gave maximum values in carry over seeds and with 60 min in new seeds. Also, the results showed significant increase in mitotic activity and chromosomal aberration after 30 min treatments for both doses of fresh seeds and with 0.06 T of carry over seeds, while relative division rate (RDR) gave positive values and little disturbance in mitotic phase index. However, the percentage of mitotic abnormalities increased after all exposure treatments. It could be concluded that utilization of magnetic field could enhancement of germination of onion seeds but we need to be carry out more experiments to make magnetic map for all varieties of onion. Key words: Magnetic field, germination, mitotic activity, phase index, relative division rate, mitotic aberrations.

PHYTOTOXICITY OF SWEET CLOVER (MELILOTUS INDICA L.) EXTRACT ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOME PLANT SPECIES

The present investigation was carried out to study theinhibitory effect (phytotoxicity) of sweetclover, Melilotus indica L.ethanol extract on seed germination and seedling growth of someplant species in addition to the isolation and identification of thechemical groups of sweetclover using Infrared (IR) spectrum.The results showed that wildoat was the most sensitive speciesto the ethanol extract of sweetclover with 80.5% inhibition ingermination as well as 66% and 50.9% inhibition in root and shootgrowth, respectively. In contrast, sweet clover extract had no effecton seed germination and seedling growth of lentil. Also,germination of onion seeds and seedlings growth of chicory werenot significantly affected by the extract.In general, root growth was more sensitive than shoot growthin affected plants.The crude ethanol extract of sweetclover exhibited fivefractions having Rf values of 0.14, 0.29, 0.53, 0.68 and 0.90. Twofractions with Rf values of 0.53 and 0.68 were the most inhibitoryeffects on germination and growth of wildoat. Both active fractionscontained chemical groups indicated the presence of Isocyanate(NCO), Methoxy group (OCH3), saturated sulfoxide (S=O),acetylene (C=C), phenols (ph.OH), carbonyl group (C=O) and freeOH.

トレハロース，ラフィノースによるタマネギ種子の発芽促進

タマネギ種子をトレハロース，ラフィノースを含む濾紙上に数日間静置することにより，プライミング効果が得られることが示された．この効果は高塩類濃度，高浸透圧および低温条件の不良発芽環境下でも維持された．またタマネギ品種が本来持っている発芽能力の差により，発芽促進程度に違いは見られたが，試験した3品種のいずれにおいてもプライミング効果は認められた．さらにトレハロースによりプライミング処理を行った種子を異なる保存温度条件下で9週間保存した場合でも，処理直後の効果とほぼ同等のプライミング効果が得られる事から，プライミング処理は長期間持続することが明らかになった．以上の結果から，タマネギ種子に対して，トレハロース，ラフィノースがプライミング効果を示すことが明らかとなった．

THE EFFECT OF POST-STORAGE HYDRATION TREATMENTS ON VIABILITY OF ONION SEEDS

The effects of hydration (priming and humidification) treatments at 15°C on the germination of onion seeds (i.e., long-day cvs Valencia and Corum; short-day cvs TEG-502 and Banko) with reduced viability were investigated. Osmotic solutions of PEG-8000 at -0.5 and -1.0 MPa were used for 1, 2 and 3 days. Humidification treatments were also conducted for 1, 2 and 3 days, considering the results of preliminary experiments. At the end of the experiments, in cv. Valencia, all the priming treatments leaded to a decline in the germination percentages of the seeds. Priming treatment with -0.5 MPa for 1 and 2 days decreased the germination percentage in cv. Corum, while the other treatments increased it. Nevertheless, all the priming treatments increased the germination percentage in cvs TEG-502 and Banko. As far as the mean germination time is concerned, there was no significant difference compared with control, following the priming treatments with PEG-8000 in cvs Valencia and Corum. However, all the treatments increased the mean germination time in cvs TEG-502 and Banko. Humidification treatments increased the germination percentages of seeds in all cultivars. Moreover, all humidification treatments shortened the mean germination time. Humidification treatments gave better results compared with priming treatments, in terms of both germination percentage and mean germination time. The best results were obtained from 1-day and 3-day humidification treatments in long-day and short-day onion seeds, respectively.

Disponibilidade hídrica e germinação de sementes de cebola (Allium cepa L.)

Objetivando verificar a influência do teor de água do substrato na germinação de sementes de cebola (Allium cepa L.), conduziu-se um ensaio sob condições de ambiente de laboratório. Os efeitos de cinco níveis de água no substrato solo x areia (3:1), 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da capacidade de retenção foram avaliados através da porcentagem de emergência no 14° dia da semeadura e pesos da matéria verde e seca das plântulas normais. Para tanto, 200 sementes do cultivar Pira Ouro por tratamento, em quatro repetições de 50, foram semeadas a 1,5 cm de profundidade, mantendo-se constantes os níveis de água no substrato. Os resultados possibilitaram concluir que os níveis de umidade do solo indicados para germinação de sementes de cebola são de 40% e 60% da capacidade de retenção do substrato, por possibilitarem uma melhor emergência, peso da matéria verde e seca das plântulas.

Relationship between the ATP content measured at three imbibition times and germination of onion seeds during storage at 3, 15 and 30°C

Relationship between the ATP content measured at three imbibition times and germination of onion seeds during storage at 3, 15 and 30°C

Irrigation with brackish water under desert conditions. VIII. Further studies on onion ( Allium cepa L.) production with brackish water

Abstract The interactions between the effects of salinity and temperature on germination of onion seeds, the effect of stage of salinization on onion yield, possible varietal differences in salt tolerance, and the effect of salinity on water and ion relationships of the plants were studied in laboratory and field experiments. Strong interaction was found between the effects of salinity and temperature on onion germination. At 12°C onion seeds germinated fully in vitro with water having an electrical conductivity ( ec ) of up to 30 dS/m. At 30°C germination was almost completely arrested by an ec of 20 dS/m. Lower temperature and higher salinity both reduced the overall rate of onion germination. In the field, continuous drip irrigation of onion with water having electrical conductivities of 1.2, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS/m resulted in severe die-off seedlings in the salinized plots during the first 90 days of growth and, consequently, in severely reduced yield of bulbs (50.08, 28.35, 4.12 and 0.44 kg/10 m2, respectively). Much of this effect could be averted by delaying salinization until the 2nd-leaf stage and even more by waiting until the 5th-leaf stage. Nine onion cultivars having broad genetic diversity were subjected to the same salinity treatments. No differences were found in the relative responses of the cultivars to salinity. Observations of plant physiological behavior under saline conditions were used to support explanations for the effects of brackish water irrigation on onion yield.

Auxin-induced Reversal of Geotropic Response in Onion Seedlings

IN the course of an investigation concerning the germination of onion seeds and subsequent growth of seedlings in aseptic cultures, a striking and unique response to auxin was observed. In normal germination, as observed in Nature or on the basal medium (comprising Heller's minerals and 5 per cent sucrose solidified with 0.7 per cent agar), there is an intercalary elongation of the cotyledon resulting in the emergence of the root and the shoot apex. Due to a curving of the cotyledon the radicular end is carried downward and thus the seedling is established in the soil or on a synthetic nutrient medium. The free end of the cotyledon remains inserted in the seed coat and, as it elongates farther, the seed coat is lifted from the substratum (Fig. 1A).