Germination Of Cucumber Seeds Research Articles

The Effect of Vermicompost Enriched with Ulva Lactuca on Germination of Cucumber Seeds

Vermicompost was obtained from farmyard manure compost enriched with sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca), which grows naturally on the Ordu coast, and its effects on the germination of cucumber seeds were investigated. The seaweeds collected from the sea and dried and composted in the natural environment together in 5 different groups with cattle manure after grinding. Eisenia fetida, known as Red California Worm, was used as worm species.The composts obtained were fed to earthworms according to different dose ratios. These dose ratios were determined as G1 group 9000 gr 100 % Ç.G (farm manure), G2 group 8100 gr Ç.G + 900 gr U.L (Ulva lactuca), G3 group 7200 gr Ç.G + 1800 gr U.L, G4 group 6300 gr Ç.G + 2700 gr U.L. and G5 group 5400 gr Ç.G + 3600 gr. U.L. The vermicompost was applied directly to the soil. The experiment was designed according to the randomised plots experimental design with one control and three replicates. The experiment was carried out with local Cucumis sativus (cucumber) seeds in plastic containers in open field. Including the control group, 15 saddles were used. Sowing was done by hand at a depth of 5-6 cm with 7 seeds/saddle. The 6-day development process of the seeds was observed and germination rates were analysed. At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the groups.

The Effects of Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide on the Germination of Cucumber Seeds under NaHCO3 Stress

The Effects of Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide on the Germination of Cucumber Seeds under NaHCO3 Stress

Studying Stimulant and Fungicidal Properties of Preparation “Argitos Agro” against Powdery Mildew in Greenhouse Conditions

“Argitos Agro” is a plant growth stimulant with fungicidal effect and when disinfecting cucumber seeds and applying during the growing season, it does not have a significant effect on the development of powdery mildew disease. The preparation, indeed, has a stimulating effect on the germination of cucumber seeds, the growth of seedlings and plants, accelerates flowering, increases the yield and improves its quality indicators.

Influence of ultraviolet radiation on sowing qualities of the cucumber family of the “Murashka” varieties

Increasing the productivity of crops, preliminary stimulation of seeds. One of the effective physical methods of pre-sowing stimulation is the treatment of seeds with solar ultraviolet radiation A and B. The article examines the results of research studies measuring the density of germination energy and the similarity of the “Murashka” variety cucumber seeds. The analysis of dependences, and incomes according to the research results, allows the maximum values of germination energy and germination of cucumber seeds are 190 – 210 J/m2.

The Effect of Salinity (NaCl) Stress and Different Magnetic Applications on The Germination of Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus L.)

Salinity stress is one of the main factors that limit seed germination and plant growth. Therefore, magnetic water was used because it had a positive effect on seed germination. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetic (MT1, MT2, MT3, MT4, and MT5) treatment of water passing through magnets 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 times respectively, and non-magnetic (NMT) treatment on the germination of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity stress (NaCl) (S1 = 0.38 dSm-1, S2 = 4.0 dSm-1, S3 = 8.0 dSm-1). The experiment was conducted by the design of a one-way ANOVA with three replications. The results showed that water salinity stress a significantly decrease in the final germination percentage (FGP), germination index (GI), coefficient of the velocity of germination (CVG), germination percentage 4th day (GP), and germination rate index (GRI), while the mean germination time (MGT) increased significantly. In addition, the FGP, GP, GI, CVG, and GRI were significantly increased and the MGT was significantly decreased when using magnetic water compared to non-magnetic water. The highest values of FGP, GP, GI, CVG, and GRI were at S1 while they decreased by 7.8%, 10.0%, 15.8%, 2.4% and 16.2%, respectively in S3 (8.0 dSm-1), compared to S1 (0.38 dSm-1). The highest FGP values of 92.20% at MT4 were obtained with S1 salinity (0.38 dSm-1) and the lowest FGP value of 72.20% at NMT with water salinity S3 (8.0 dSm-1). The results of the research showed that magnetic water treatment has a positive effect on the germination of cucumber seeds and that salinity stress reduced the germination of seeds. Finally, it can be recommended to apply MT4 (water passed through the magnetic 5 times) to achieve the best germination of cucumber seeds.

Влияние активированной электрическим полем воды на показатели развития растений

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the hydrogen index on the universal EV-74 ionomer (pH-millivoltmeter). Water activation has been carried out in an autonomous device, consisting of a membrane (porous partition) with pore sizes from 5 to 100 microns, the thickness of which is 1–2 mm and metal electrodes lowered into a vessel with water. The membrane area was 25–30 cm2. The influence of water properties on the germination, growth and development of vegetable crops has been performed on the following types of water: ordinary tap water (for control), pH=7; cathode (alkaline) water (R-water), pH > 7 and anode (acidic) water (L-water), pH < 7. The effect of activated water on water metabolism, growth and formation of cucumbers has been carried out periodically for 30 days on Konkurent cucumber variety. It is shown that the degree of germination of cucumber seeds compared to irrigation of ordinary tap water is higher when using catholyte water (R-water) by 50.7% and anolyte water (L-water) - by 132.8%, i. e. the use of activated water, obtained on the basis of electrophysical ionization, promotes the growth and development and germination of cucumber seeds.

Effect of water activated by non-equilibrium gas-discharge plasma on the germination and early growth of cucumbers

The article presents the results of plasma-chemical treatment of water and studies of its effect on the germination of cucumber seeds, as well as on the dynamics of the initial growth of 
 plants. Tap water was treated with a pulsed underwater discharge formed in vapor-gas bubbles near the surface of a graphite electrode immersed in water. The discharge burned at peak voltage values of 800 V and a discharge current of 200 mA. Oscillograms of the current and voltage on the electrodes were obtained, the values of the specific electrical conductivity of water, the pH value, the concentrations of nitrite and nitrate ions, and also hydrogen peroxide in the treated water were measured. It is shown that the application of the plasma treated water ncreases the seed germination, accelerates the development of the root system, the growth of stem and leaves at the early stages of plant development

Modeling the effects of salt stress and temperature on seed germination of cucumber using halothermal time concept

The Halothermal time model (HaloTT) as a robust framework can accurately be used to simultaneously quantify the effect of both salt stress and temperature (T) on the dynamics of seed germination (SG) in different crops. The parameters of this model can be easily physiologically interpreted and explain how environmental factors interfere in regulating the SG response into seed population. A total of 75 seeds were used for germination tests. Five constant Ts, including 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, which at each of the following four levels of salinity (75, 150, 225 and 300 mM) were used. The effects of T and salinity on SG characteristics were studied using a HaloTT model. Also, cardinal temperatures were estimated and accumulation of Na+ and Cl− into the seeds were investigated. Results showed that the HaloTT model could quantify well the effect of salinity on SG of cucumber over sub- and supra-optimal Ts (R2 > 0.80). Based on the model, the cardinal Ts in water were 10.4, 28.7 and 38.5 °C. At To, the NaClb(50) was 337 mM equal to − 1.49 MPa when it was converted to the ψb(50). The thresholds decreased linearly at T ≥ To (slope of the linear model (kT) = 33.9 mM °C−1), then reached 0 mM at Tc while the ψb(50) increased linearly becoming less negative at T ≥ To (kT = 0.150 MPa °C−1), then reached 0 MPa at Tc. Seed Na+ and Cl− uptake increased significantly with T, and seed ψ was lower at each T under salt stress (depending on NaCl concentration), when compared to the control. Our results indicate that seed salt uptake was sufficient for germination at lower ψs under low and moderate salinity levels, and that SG is primarily controlled by the osmotic effect and, then, by the ion toxicity.

Ameliorative Effect of Water Treatment Residual Nanoparticles on Seed Germination of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Cd Stress

Ameliorative Effect of Water Treatment Residual Nanoparticles on Seed Germination of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Cd Stress

Effect of permanent magnetic field on the properties of static water and germination of cucumber seeds

Water scarcity and concentration of salts in soils are currently considered as threats to human life. The degradation of
 irrigation water quality is mainly due to overexploitation of natural resources, poor management and pollution.
 However, these factors limit the development of agriculture. Although the method of treating water by a magnetic field
 is a technique that has recently been introduced into different fields, including agriculture, it can be considered as a
 solution to reduce the salinity problems of irrigation water. On the other hand, magnetized water is the water exposed
 to magnetic rays which undergoes physical and chemical variations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of
 magnetic treatment the advantages of magnetically treated water on the rate of germination and the germinal faculty
 of cucumber seeds. In addition, experiments were performed with two magnetic devices: A1 = 0.5 Tesla; A2 = 0.29 Tesla.
 As a result, the application of a magnetic field influenced the parameters of the water, decreasing its pH. As well as, the
 increase in germination rate and the seed capacity of cucumber seeds before seedling. Statistical analysis showed that
 our experimental results are highly significant.
 
 Keywords: Static magnetic field, Germination, Cucumber seeds

Exogenous Melatonin Improves Antioxidant Defense in Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) Germinated under Chilling Stress.

The relationship between exogenous melatonin applied into cucumber seeds during osmopriming and modifications of their antioxidant defense was studied. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione pool were investigated in embryonic axes isolated from the control, osmoprimed, and osmoprimed with melatonin seeds. Germinating cucumber seeds are very sensitive to chilling. Temperature 10°C causes oxidative stress in young seedlings. Seed pre-treatment with melatonin seemed to limit H2O2 accumulation during germination under optimal condition as well as during chilling stress and recovery period. Melatonin affected superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and its isoforms during stress and recovery period but did not influence CAT and POX activities. Thus it is possible that in cucumber this indoleamine could act mostly as a direct H2O2 scavenger, but superoxide anion combat via SOD stimulation. The GSH/GSSG ratio is considered as an indirect determinant of oxidative stress. When the cells are exposed to oxidative stress GSSG is accumulated and the ratio of GSH to GSSG decreases. In our research pre-sowing melatonin application into the cucumber seeds caused high beneficial value of GSH/GSSG ratio that could be helpful for stress countering. Glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activity in the axes isolated from these seeds was two fold higher than in those isolated from the control and from the osmoprimed without melatonin ones. Additional isoforms of GSSG-R in melatonin treated seeds were also observed. It explains high and effective GSH pool restoration in the seeds pre-treated with melatonin. We confirmed that melatonin could protect cucumber seeds and young seedlings against oxidative stress directly and indirectly detoxifying ROS, thereby plants grown better even in harmful environmental conditions. This work is the first that investigated on plant in vivo model and documented melatonin influence on redox state during seed germination. This way we try to fill lack of information about melatonin-regulated pathways involved in antioxidant strategy of plant defense.

Effects of nitric oxide on the germination of cucumber seeds and antioxidant enzymes under salinity stress

Effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the germination and antioxidant enzyme during cucumber seed germination were investigated under salt stress. Seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyou 1) were treated with distilled water or NaCl in the presence or absence of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) during germination. Excess 50 mM NaCl reduced significantly the seed germination rate in a short term and speed of germination. When salt concentration increased, germination of cucumber seed was reduced and the time needed to complete germination lengthened. Addition of exogenous SNP in salt solution attenuated the salt stress effects in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by accelerating the seed germination, as well as weight increase of budding seeds, and 50 μM SNP was optimal concentration. At 150 mM NaCl, the 50 μM exogenous SNP significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and protein content, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). There were no obvious effects of exogenous NO on peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.6) activities under salt stress. Exogenous NO also increased the SOD and CAT isozyme expression under salt stress, which was in accordance with the improved antioxidant activities in the germinating seeds. The NO-induced salt stress resistance was associated with activated enzymes, and enhanced protein content, thus decreasing MDA content. It is concluded that exogenous NO treatment on cucumber seeds may be a good option to improve seed germination under saline conditions.

Biochemical and biophysical changes associated with magnetopriming in germinating cucumber seeds

Seeds of cucumber were exposed to static magnetic field strength from 100 to 250 mT for 1, 2 or 3 h. Germination-percentage, rate of germination, length of seedling and dry weight increased by 18.5, 49, 34 and 33% respectively in magnetoprimed seeds compared to unexposed seeds. Among different magnetic field doses, 200 mT for 1 h showed significant effect on germination parameters and hence selected for studying changes in water uptake, (1)H transverse relaxation time (T(2)), hydrolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system in germinating seeds. Water uptake and T(2) values were significantly higher in treated seeds during imbibition. The activities of hydrolytic enzymes, amylase and protease were greater than the untreated controls by 51% and 13% respectively. Superoxide radicals also enhanced by 40% and hydrogen peroxide by 8% in magnetically exposed seeds. In magetoprimed seeds, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (8%), catalase (83%) and glutathione reductase (77%) over control was recorded. We report that magnetopriming of dry seeds can be effectively used as a pre-sowing treatment for seed invigoration in cucumber. Unlike other priming treatments seed is not required to be dehydrated after priming, allowing easy storage.

Ameliorative effect of brassinosteroid and ethylene on germination of cucumber seeds in the presence of sodium chloride

Brassinosteroids are a class of plant polyhydroxysteroids with a diverse of functions in plant growth and development, while ethylene is a gaseous hormone involved in regulation of numerous physiological processes. To evaluate the roles of BR and ethylene in seed germination under conditions of salt stress, effects of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) on seed germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds in the presence of 250 mM NaCl were investigated. Seed germination was significantly inhibited by the presence of NaCl in the incubation medium, and the inhibitory effect was significantly alleviated by addition of EBR and ACC to the incubation medium containing NaCl. There was an increase in ethylene evolution during seed germination and this increase was suppressed by salt stress. The reduction in ethylene evolution from imbibed seeds by salt stress was attenuated by EBR. Salt stress inhibited ACC oxidase (ACO) activity and EBR reversed the salt stress-induced decrease in ACO activity. Salt stress reduced expression of gene encoding ACO (CsACO2), and EBR reversed the salt stress-induced down-regulation of CsACO2. The alleviative effect of EBR on seed germination in the presence of NaCl was diminished by antagonist of ethylene synthesis, aminoethoxyvinylglycine. These results indicate that both ethylene and BR are likely to be associated with suppression of seed germination under salt stress and that the mitigating effect of BR on salt stress-induced inhibition of seed germination may occur through its interaction with ethylene synthesis.

Ameliorative effect of exogenous Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and GA<SUB>3</SUB> on <I>Peganum harmala</I> alkaloid inhibition in germinating cucumber seeds

采用室内水培方法，研究了外源Ca²⁺和GA₃对骆驼蓬生物碱抑制下黄瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明，Ca²⁺和GA₃单一及复合处理可促进骆驼蓬生物碱处理的黄瓜种子的萌发，使黄瓜萌发率、发芽指数和活力指数提高，萌发种子的α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶和异柠檬酸裂解酶活性及赤霉素(GA)和钙调素(CaM)含量增加，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸激酶(NADK)和Ca²⁺—ATP酶活性增强，脱落酸(ABA)含量降低；且Ca²⁺和GA₃复合处理对GA含量的提高和ABA含量的降低与Ca²⁺单一处理比较呈显著的加成作用。表明外源Ca²⁺和GA₃对骆驼蓬生物碱抑制黄瓜种子的萌发具有缓解效应。

The regulation of reserve mobilization in cotyledons of lipid-rich Cucumis sativus L. seeds

Conflicting results in the literature regarding the possible regulatory role of the embryonic axis on reserve mobilization in lipid-rich seeds prompted this study on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seed. Two existing models supporting control by the axis, namely the hormonal control- and source-sink relationship models, were tested by incubating detached cotyledons in plant hormone solutions and axes extracts as well as in the presence of artificial sinks. This approach was an attempt to alleviate any effect that axis removal might have on reserve mobilization in cotyledons measured in terms of changes in fresh and dry weight, respiratory capacity and isocitrate lyase activity. No clear evidence that lipid mobilization in cucumber seeds was controlled by the axis through either a hormonal- or a source-sink mechanism was obtained. However, axis removal prevented the natural shedding of the testa by germinating cucumber seeds resulting in clear differences between intact and detached cotyledons in terms of fresh and dry weight, respiratory and lipid metabolism. Moreover, weakening of the testa on detached cotyledons, by cutting longitudinally, only partially alleviated the inhibitory effect that axis removal had on these metabolic events while total removal alleviated this effect completely. The latter was more pronounced in an elevated oxygen atmosphere indicating that the testa played a more pronounced role in controlling the metabolism of cucumber cotyledons during the post-germinative seedling establishment phase than did the growing axis.

Immunohistochemical localization of the stress-related anionic peroxidase in germinating cucumber seeds

The distribution of the stress-related anionic peroxidase in the course of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seed germination was determined by tissue printing and immunoblotting. Of the three molecular forms of cucumber stress-related anionic peroxidase, the form PRX 1 was temporally accumulated in developing seedlings. Up to 6 d of germination PRX 1 was localized mainly in roots. As germination progressed, the immunoreactive PRX 1 signal was found in the transition zone between roots and stem, as well as in the lower epidermis of expanding cotyledons at the midrib.

Lipid body lipoxygenase characterized by protein fragmentation, cDNA sequence and very early expression of the enzyme during germination of cucumber seeds.

Lipid bodies are cellular compartments containing triacylglycerols. They are encompassed by a phospholipid monolayer and decorated with characteristic proteins. In plants, lipid bodies are synthesized during seed formation but acquire new proteins during seed germination. In germinating cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds, the set of newly synthesized proteins appearing in the lipid bodies at the early stage of triacylglycerol mobilization comprises a special form of lipoxygenase. We isolated the lipid body lipoxygenase and characterized fragments prepared by limited proteolysis and cleavage with cyanogen bromide. A very early expression of lipid body lipoxygenase was found by studying the rate of de novo synthesis of lipoxygenase forms during germination. This allowed a clear distinction of this enzyme from other lipoxygenase isoforms. Hence, for determining the molecular structure of lipid body lipoxygenase we analyzed a cDNA prepared from mRNA of cotyledons at day 1 of germination. From the cDNA sequence, oligonucleotides were derived that specifically detected lipid body lipoxygenase mRNA on northern blots. The very early expression of lipid body lipoxygenase was corroborated by this approach. Good agreement was observed between the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence and the peptide structures analyzed biochemically. In particular, the cleavage products of cyanogen bromide treatment indicated that we had isolated the lipid body lipoxygenase cDNA. The sequence data show a lipoxygenase form characterized by a molecular mass of 99655 Da, which is significantly higher than the molecular masses of the cytosolic forms. Compared to the cytosolic forms that exhibit a molecular mass of 95 kDa, the lipid body form has an N-terminal extension of 34 amino acid residues. No evidence for a cotranslational or post-translational proteolytic processing was obtained by the size comparison of the in vitro-translated lipoxygenase and the lipid body form.

Emergence of proteases in germinating cucumber cotyledons and their roles in the two-step degradation of storage protein.

The degradation of storage protein in germinating cucumber seeds was shown to proceed via two distinct steps. First, several proteases with acidic isoelectric points (pIs) were involved in solubilization and partial degradation of 11S globulin. Treatment of seedlings with cycloheximide inhibited this step and the expression of these proteases. Thus, the first step appeared to be governed by these proteases, which were synthesized de novo after imbibition. The first step was observed in dark-grown cotyledons, but the complete degradation of 11S globulin did not occur in the absence of illumination. An additional protease, with a pI of 4.5, was induced by illumination, and it was involved in the further cleavage of the partially degraded products of 11S globulin. Thus, the complete degradation of the storage protein proceeded via a two-step process in illuminated germinating seedlings. Light is needed to induce the second step in the degradation of 11S globulin that supplies the nitrogen required for development of the photosynthetic apparatus in the greening cotyledon.

The Effect of Heat Shock, ABA, and Salicylic Acid on Induction of Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber Seedling Roots

Chilling injury can be a serious problem during field germination of sensitive crop species. Because heat shock has been shown to induce chilling tolerance of germinating cucumber seeds, an experiment was initiated to determine the effectiveness of other treatments. Cucumber seeds germinated 20 to 24 h were either heat-shocked at 50C for 2 min or treated with ABA or salicylic acid for 4 h. Following treatment, the germinated seeds were chilled at 2C for 96, 120, or 144 h and then incubated at 25C to determine growth effects on the developing root. All treatments induced chilling tolerance compared to the controls, with ABA and heat shock being most effective after chilling. There did not appear to be an additive response when heat shock was used in combination with ABA. The evidence for different treatment mechanisms will be discussed.