Germination Length Research Articles

Induction of epicormic sprouts of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá): effect of seasonality and stump height

Coppicing technique is recognized as an effective method for inducing epicormic sprouts and promoting reinvigoration in Brazilian native tree species. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding efficient reinvigoration techniques for vegetative rescue of paricá trees. This study aimed to evaluate the coppicing technique's efficacy in inducing epicormic sprouts in paricá trees, considering different seasons and stump heights. A 2x3 factorial experimental design was employed, encompassing two seasons (rainy and dry) and three stump heights (0 = root collar; 10 cm above root collar; 30 cm above root collar). Stumps were monitored over a 90-day period. Results showed that all stumps remained viable, with significant differences observed in sprouting frequency between the rainy and dry seasons at 15 and 30 days, favoring the former. Furthermore, the number of sprouts per stump varied significantly across seasons at 15, 30, and 45 days, with higher counts recorded during the rainy season. Notably, the high percentage of stumps producing sprouts underscores the species' robust response capacity. Additionally, the occurrence of two sprouts per stump suggests a species-specific trait at these stump heights. Evaluation of sprout length and circumference revealed significant differences between seasons, with greater growth observed during the rainy season. These findings are crucial for informing management decisions related to epicormic sprout development through the coppicing technique in paricá trees. Overall, the results indicate the technique's potential to induce epicormic sprouts across all seasons and stump heights evaluated, with superior outcomes observed during the rainy season.

Effect of illite pretreatment on germinated Brown rice with Special Reference to amino acids, antioxidants, texture, and mineral elements

The pretreatment process of various foods has been reported to improve their nutritional properties. The soaking of brown rice improves the texture and nutrients, which are crucial for cooking and maintaining its high functional value. Illite, a clay mineral, has recently been discovered to improve the nutritional value of seeds. Based on these findings, we soaked brown rice with different concentrations of illite solution for different durations and allowed the germination to perform analyses. Soaking the brown rice for 6 h with a germination period of 48 h was determined to be the optimal condition because of its higher sprout length. In addition, this optimal condition had improved textural characteristics such as reduced hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness, and it also had increased adhesiveness and stabilized resilience and springiness. The treatment solutions were free from heavy metal contaminants, whereas the mineral contents such as K, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na were significantly increased with the increase in illite concentration. Moreover, our results showed that illite treatment could preserve the color appearance and seed germination. The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids and antioxidants (phenolic contentγ-oryzanol, and flavonoid) of germinated brown rice was considerably increased with illite treatment. In germinated brown rice, an increase in DPPH and superoxide dismutase levels, a slight decrease in flavonoids, and no difference in polyphenol content were observed. These findings suggest that pre-soaking brown rice seeds with the appropriate concentration of illite could enhance their nutritional properties, which might attract consumers' interest to include this in their daily diet.

Propagation Studies on Different Rootstocks of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii skeels)

Jamun is propagated by seeds as well as vegetatively and the grafts raised on seedling rootstocks of unknown source resulting in variation among the plants. Hence, there is a need to identify the suitable rootstock for propagating jamun to get maximum graft success. The time of grafting is the most important factor for highest graft success and influenced by the climatic conditions prevailing in particular season in addition to the type of rootstocks. Considering the above factors the research was carried out at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi during 2018-2019 to study suitable season and rootstock for the jamun variety AJG-85, which is more popular variety in and around Belgaum district. Jamun variety AJG-85 grafted on its own rootstock during October recorded the maximum number of sprouts (3.92, 4.49 and 4.56 respectively), sprout length (7.91, 16.18 and 22.20 cm respectively), per cent graft success (79.39, 88.80 and 90.94% respectively), per cent graft survival (93.96 and 89.30% respectively) at different days after grafting and minimum number of days taken for sprouting (19.15).

Abstract 5386: Increased sprouting angiogenesis in a microphysiological model of cisplatin-resistant recurrent lung cancers

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 85% of total lung cancer cases and first-line therapies still often employ the platinum-based agents. Cisplatin therapy for NSCLC often leads to relapse of aggressive tumors with high metastatic potential after a period of dormancy. We hypothesize that cisplatin-resistant tumor cell phenotypes will increase features of aggressivity including sprouting angiogenesis in microphysiological models of NSCLC. First, we engineered various TME configurations using A549 cell spheroids and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) to establish a baseline of tumor cell proliferation, ECM deposition, and expression of proangiogenic and proinflammatory genes. Next, we generated cisplatin-resistant (Cis-R) A549 sub-lines to test the hypothesis that 3D tumor models engineered using these drug-resistant cells will capture hallmarks of highly aggressive recurrent tumors such as increased expression of progression-associated genes, increased induction of local stromal reactions and more profound angiogenesis. We treated parent A549 with 25 μM cisplatin for 96 hours followed by at least 14 days of recovery to generate Cis-R A549 cells. Interestingly, Cis-R spheroids exhibited significantly lower rates of proliferation (P<0.01) relative to parent A549 spheroids as measured by Ki67 index. Cis-R cells and spheroids exhibit increased genetic expression for genes involved in inflammation, EMT, proliferation and chemoresistance. Furthermore, Cis-R cells in 2D displayed a mesenchymal-like morphology and further exhibited dysmorphic spheroid morphology in 3D. We then developed a membrane free microphysiological system (MPS) comprised of two adjacent and contiguous tissue layers to investigate cancer mediated angiogenesis. We seeded one layer with lung fibroblasts and endothelial cells, which formed a vascularized network, while the other lane was cultured with no cells (control), parent A549 spheroids, or Cis-R A549 spheroids. Media void of VEGF was used throughout the duration of the experiment to isolate the effect of TME-derived factors. We measured increased angiogenetic sprouting induced by Cis-R tissues relative to parent using the following metrics: sprout density (Cis-R = 49.86 ± 10.93 µm/µm2, parent = 13.73 ± 4.12 µm/µm2, blank = 14.76 ± 4.22 µm/µm2), sprout length (Cis-R = 15006 ± 5507 µm, parent = 2466 ± 639.1 µm, blank = 4749 ± 1547 µm), and sprout area fraction (Cis-R = 0.10 ± 0.028, parent = 0.041 ± 0.010, blank = 0.032 ± 0.0095). Thus, the creation of drug resistant tumor cell sub lines enables the construction of more aggressive engineered tumor microenvironments. Future iterations of our MPS model will be used to investigate angiogenesis in the context of additional cancers, including breast and colon, while transitioning to the use of patient-derived organoids. Citation Format: Elisabet Olsen, G. Wills Kpeli, Omar M.K. Ahmad, Mark Mondrinos. Increased sprouting angiogenesis in a microphysiological model of cisplatin-resistant recurrent lung cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5386.

EFFICIENT CLONAL PROPAGATION OF GUAVA CULTIVARS BY MINI SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is commercially propagated by seeds in Punjab and vegetative propagation systems are lacking. Propagation by stem cuttings is handicapped by the non-availability of plant material in bulk for cuttings and season dependency. Hence, juvenile mini softwood (MSW) shoot cuttings (3"-4") of Gola (Round) cultivar having two to three nodes were treated with plant growth regulators (PGRs) including indole butyric acid ‘IBA’ or naphthalene acetic acid ‘NAA’ in combinations with benzyl aminopurine ‘BAP’ and planted in sand, silt and coco peat (40:40:20 v/v) under CRD layout for PGR optimization. Cuttings treated with BAP and IBA (2 mgL-1 + 3 mgL-1) started early sprouting in 8 days and induced a greater number of branches (5-6), number of leaves (11), number of roots (6-7) and long roots (14 cm). Whereas, sprout length was higher up to 14 cm in cuttings treated with BAP and IBA (3 mgL-1 + 1 mgL-1). In the second part of the study, application of the optimized PGR treatment of BAP and IBA (2 mgL-1 + 3 mgL-1) to MSW cuttings of different commercial strains of cultivars Gola (Round) and Surahi (Pyriform) showed a better number of roots (5, 4), root length (13 cm, 11 cm), bud sprouting (100% and 80%) and number of nodes (5 each) in Gola (Sadabahar ‘G1’) and Surahi (Sindhi Bao ‘S2’), respectively. The rooted cuttings were maintained under standard growth room conditions and higher humidity till proper plant growth and the established plantlets were transferred to green house. This study established an efficient clonal propagation system using MSW cuttings thus reducing the plant material and PGRs required for mass multiplication of elite guava cultivars. Keywords: Auxin, cytokinin, softwood cuttings, shoot, rooting.

Determination of the optimal concentration of organic fertilizers for the sowing qualities of crops using the example of pumpkin

The research of the effectiveness of the obtained fertilizers impact on the sowing characteristics of pumpkin seeds Cucurbita pepo L. was conducted at the Center for Collective Use "Advanced Technologies and Materials" of the Sevastopol State University. The work provides data on the effect of organic fertilizers based on vermicompost and chicken manure on the sowing qualities of pumpkin seeds. A comparative analysis of the energy of germination and laboratory viability of the seeds, root and sprout growth of the agricultural crop Cucurbita pepo L. was carried out. To compare the results obtained, the certified fertilizers “Power of Growth” and “Riverm” based on vermicompost were taken. The optimal concentration of chicken manure was identified with a concentration of 200 mg per 2 liters based on the germination energy, the values were 87% and the viability 95%. Also, the increase in the sprout length for the fertilizer based on chicken manure was 127.7%, which is 15% more than the “Power of Growth” fertilizer. Test samples based on vermicompost gave negative results: root growth – minus 21.9%, negative shoot growth – minus 6.3%. A method for producing new types of organic fertilizers based on chicken manure, based on the cavitation effect, has been described. An assessment of the effectiveness of using fertilizers for an agricultural crop – pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. has been made.

ПОЧВЕННЫЕ БАКТЕРИИ ИЗ АВТОХТОННЫХ МИКРОБНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ СИБИРИ В БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЕ ПШЕНИЦЫ ОТ ALTERNARIA TENUISSIMA

The aim of the study is to find the strongest soil microorganisms from autochthonous microbial communities of Central Siberia against phytopathogenic micromycetes Alternaria tenuissima. The object of the study is autochthonous soil bacteria isolated from the soils of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in the Sukhobuzimsky District. Soil samples were taken from under spring wheat Novosibirskaya 15 and from under perennial grasses. The soil cover is represented by ordinary leached chernozem. Ammonium nitrate was used (34.7 kg/ha active ingredient). The climatic conditions are moderately dry and continental. The studies were carried out in 2022–2023. Antagonistic activity was measured on the GRM Saburo. With a general growth of the test culture and soil bacteria, the strongest antagonists were found in the suppression zone of Alternaria tenuissima. The identification of the most powerful bacterial antagonists in reducing the intensity and prevalence of root rot was carried out using the method of artificial infection with Alternaria tenuissima. Before infection with micromycete, bacterization of spring wheat seeds Novosibirskaya 15 with the studied bacterial isolates was carried out. Mathematical processing of the obtained results was carried out by one-way variance analysis and two-sample F-test for variance. The results of the study on the use of soil autochthonous antagonist microorganisms in biological protection of spring wheat from the causative agents of root rot Alternaria tenuissima showed that the studied bacterial isolates statistically significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the intensity and prevalence of this disease. The maxi-mum effect in reducing the intensity and prevalence of the disease was shown by isolates B2 and B4. Also, the studied bacterial strains showed a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the length of sprouts. The greatest increase in length in spring wheat sprouts was in the experimental variant with strain B2. This strain can be recommended not only for protection against Alternaria tenuissima, but also for stimuli-ting wheat growth.

Effects of Waste Organic Samples and Extraction Methods towards the Absorption Range of Carbon Nanodots and How it Affects Plants’ Growth

Carbon-nanodots (CND) were nanotechnologies possessing low toxicity, photoluminescence, and biocompatibility qualities which were applicable to various aspects namely in assisting plant growth. Chloroplasts were essential in plant growth that is to absorb sunlight, however the UV spectrum’s wavelength range which could be absorbed was limited and therefore the photosynthesis efficiency was also inadequate. Nevertheless, chloroplasts which integrated with CND would have wider range of the UV absorptivity that was the combination from the absorptivity of chloroplast and CND. Therefore, the CND needed would require a broad absorptivity range. CNDs were extractable from various waste organic samples with a plethora of extraction methods. This study reviews the organic samples and the methods which were able to produce CND with widest absorptivity range and the effects CND gave to plant growth. The data used were the outcome of evaluating literatures. It was discovered that CND synthesized from dragon fruit skin and pear fruit skin have the widest absorptivity which was 70 nm which could be affected by numerous amounts of chromophore group in the sample and the most effective extraction methods were those which utilized micro waves as it has disadvantage being only that it couldn’t work on large number of samples and advantages being a fast process of extraction and small energy required. CND contributed positive effects to plants by increasing sprout length, root length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh sprout weight, dry sprout weight, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, root strength, stem length, Rubisco activity, and chlorophyll content.

Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid-rich barley sprouts.

Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well-known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes for phenolic acid biosynthesis, were investigated. When sprouts were treated with 1 mmol L-1 salicylic acid during germination and germinated at 25 °C for 4 days, the phenolic acid content was 1.82 times that of the control, reaching 1221.54 μg g-1 fresh weight. Salicylic acid significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine aminolase and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase and the gene expression of phenylalanine aminolase, cinnamic acid-3-hydroxylase, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumaric acid-coenzyme A, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, and ferulate-5-hydroxylase in barley sprouts. However, salicylic acid treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, H2O2 and O2 - fluorescence intensity, as well as significantly decreasing sprout length and fresh weight. Salicylic acid treatment markedly increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase and the gene expression of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in barley sprouts. Salicylic acid treatment during barley germination significantly promoted the enrichment of total phenolic acid by increasing the activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway. Salicylic acid induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited sprout growth, and activated the antioxidant system. This study provides a basis for the future development of functional foods using phenol acid-rich plants as raw materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Phytochemical composition and biopesticidal potential of Pinus mugo Turra essential oil

Pinus mugo Turra (sensu lato) is an alpine species distributed at high altitudes in the mountains. The species represents a resource for obtaining essential oil (EO). Pinus essential oils (EOs) show great potential as biopesticides in agriculture. To date, there is no comparative study of the EO from various plant parts of P. mugo across the Bulgarian flora. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compositions of P. mugo EOs from different plant parts; leaves, twigs, wood, and cones, and evaluate their bioactivity. The botanical pesticides potential of twigs EO against Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and seeds of weed species Agrostemma githago L., Anthemis arvensis L., Avena fatua L., and Papaver rhoeas L. were tested in Petri dishes. The statistical analysis results showed different EOs yield in different plant parts (0.10–0.63% in leaves, 0.40–1.00% in tips of twigs, 0.1–0.71% in twigs, 0.2–1.43% in wood of one-two year twigs, 0.21–0.6% in male cones, and 0.17% in female cones). The predominant constituents in P. mugo EO were α-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene and β-caryophyllene. These constituents were found in all analyzed shrubs from the six populations but in different amounts, depending on the plant part. The tested twigs EO at concentrations of 5%, 4.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, 1.5%, and 1% had significant insecticidal activity against two aphid species. The efficacy of all concentrations of the EO was 100% on both aphids 24 h after the treatment. The EO demonstrated repellent activity only in high concentrations of 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5% for S. avenae, and 4.5%, and 5% for Rh. padi, respectively. The germination energy, germination, sprouts length, and root length of A. githago, A. arvensis, A. fatua, and P. rhoeas seeds were completely inhibited by low, and high doses (1 µL, 2 µL, 5 µL, 10 µL, and 20 µL) of P. mugo EO. Furthermore, the botanical pesticide capabilities of EOs against six phytopathogens; Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Diaporthe nobilis, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora cryptogea were evaluated. The EOs of all investigated parts of the species had strong antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and Escherichia coli. The needles tissues extract of P. mugo contained polyphenolic compounds with pronounced antioxidant activity. The findings of this study provide strong support for considering P. mugo EO as a valuable ingredient in the formulation of diverse biopesticides.

Preparations based on bacteria from frozen rocks during the dressing of spring wheat seeds

The analysis of the effect of the applied biologies and chemical protectant in seed treatment carried out using paper rolls showed germination against the background of chemical dressing + bacteria – 85-96% at the control of 88%, against the background of pure bacteria 81-88% decrease by 2-10% from the background with chemical dressing. The root length was 11-13 cm, the root mass significantly exceeded the control on the variants of mixtures of chemical dressing and biopreparation. The length of the coleoptile significantly decreased by 1.6-2.6 cm according to the chemical dressing options, the sprout length varied between 9.6-12.0 cm, and a decrease in the sprout length was observed in most variants with a chemical protectant. Against the background of pure chemical protection (seed dressing), the protection efficiency was 100% during the tillering phase and 86% by the end of the growing season of the crop against root rot, mixed versions of the protectant with bacteria reduced faster the protection level. As a result, experimental data were obtained for testing mixtures of bacterial strains of R. Bacillus in the system of pre-sowing dressing of spring wheat seeds, with a positive effect on yield, strains of biological products were isolated (szr + 875 x 9-08; szr + 875 x Mm8; szr + 9-08 x Mm8).

Effect of Soaking with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Rice Seed Germination

This study aims to determine the effect of immersing rice seeds in Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) suspension. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with seed immersion treatment using PGPR bacterial suspension. The rice varieties used were Ciherang, Inpari 32, and IR64, where the seeds were soaked for 30, 45, 60, and 300 minutes, respectively. There were 12 treatment units plus one control by soaking the seeds in water for 60 minutes. All treatments and controls were repeated three times. The results showed that soaking rice seeds for 60 minutes gave longer root and sprout lengths of the three rice varieties. Soaking rice seeds for 30 and 45 minutes caused slower germination, and shorter root length and sprout length than the control. Soaking rice seedlings longer than 60 minutes did not alter germination speed than soaking for 60 minutes.

Гидрохимический анализ и экотоксикологическая оценка качества вод реки Качи

Purpose: to conduct a hydrochemical analysis and give a comprehensive eco-toxicological assessment of the Kacha river water. Materials and methods. The content of chemical components in surface water was determined using titrimetric and photocolorimetric analyses. The degree of surface water pollution was calculated using a comprehensive assessment method on individual hydrochemical indicators, calculating the combinatorial water pollution index. Algotesting was carried out by measuring the optical density of the chlorella microalgae culture (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer). For phytotesting the seeds of dicotyledonous plants – cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and monocotyledonous plants – common oats (Avena sativa L.) were used. Test parameters: seed germination and germination readiness, root and sprout length were analyzed. Results. According to the hydrochemical parameters of the Kacha river, the waters were classified as oligohaline, and according to the specific combinatorial index (S′ = 1.15) they were classified as slightly polluted ones of the second class. The values of the coefficient of complexity of water contamination rate during 2012–2018 were within 12 %. In 2023, the Kacha river water was defined as moderately hard water (7.4 mg-eq/cubic dm), while a decrease in the average water salinity (566.1 mg/cubic dm) and an improvement in its quality in terms of total iron (0.12 mg/cubic dm) were noted, which corresponded to the maximum permissible concentration for water bodies of municipal and amenity water use significance. The water algoeffect reached 57 %, and the phytoeffect – 87 %. Conclusions. The use of biological methods – algotesting and phytotesting – showed the presence of toxicants in the Kacha river water from the effluent to the mouth. The need for additional control of the river water quality during its use, including irrigation, was noted.

Effect of short peptides on seed germination and morphometric parameters of flax seedlings

The use of peptide preparations is one of the current trends in modern agriculture. These preparations can be used to increase the efficiency of sowing treatment of agricultural crops seeds. The article presents the results of a laboratory experiment aimed at studying the effect of a complex of short peptides AC-3 (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine) on seed germination and morphometric parameters of flax seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L.) - Tverskoy variety. The maximum germination energy (68, 68 and 74%, 50% at the control) and seed germination values (95, 95 and 100%, 75% at the control) were obtained in variants with seed treatment with a complex of short peptides at concentrations of 1*10-12, 1*10-13, and 1*10-15 g/l, respectively. According to the totality of the maximum values of seed quality indicators and morphometric characteristics of flax seedlings, the Tverskoy variety (the length of roots and sprouts, the yield of raw and dry biomass of seedlings), the optimal concentration of a complex of short peptides for pre-sowing seed treatment is 1*10-15 g/l.

Effect of calcium chloride concentration on seed germination and young seedling parameters in rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

The study was conducted with five rice varieties (Osmanchik 97, Gala, Luna, CL 34, Cameo) in order to determine and compare the effect of increased concentrations of CaCl2 on seed germination during the early stages of plant development. Variations include: control (deionized distilled water), 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, 250 mM, and 300 mM CaCl2 concentrations. Germinating energy, germination rate, germination rate coefficient, germination index degree, germination index, mean germination time, sprout and root length, sprouts and roots fresh and dry weight, seed vitality index and salinity tolerance were determined. The data were analyzed with SPSS program. The results show that the application of increasing concentrations of CaCl2 salinity in the order of 50-200 mM leads to a prolongation of the mean germination time of the seeds and has an inhibitory effect on the growth of sprouts and roots, this effect being more pronounced on the roots . The cultivars Osmanchik 97 and Gala are relatively more tolerant to salinization with low and medium concentrations of CaCl2 in terms of seed germination. At salinity levels from 250 mM to 300 mM CaCl2 solution, all tested cultivars were sensitive.

Mung Seeds Under Constant Low Potential Difference During Post-Germination When Sprout Length Grows

Low potential difference 𝟎.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝟏.𝟓𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, 𝟑.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, 𝟒.𝟓𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, and 𝟔.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕 are applied during the growth of sprout length after germination and post-germination of mung seeds in open-air conditions. The sprout length decreases with an increase in potential difference and graphs show non-linear variations. Thus, this potential difference produces a negative impact on the sprout length elongation of seeds. The decrease in the sprout length may be due to lesser diffusion through the cell wall or due to the weakening of the activity of the other cell components leading to a slower rate of cell division. This may have an impact on the process of preservation of seeds.

Effects of microwave treatment on the microstructure, germination characteristics, morphological characteristics and nutrient composition of maize

This study investigated the effects of microwave treatment on the microstructure and germination characteristics of maize seeds, as well as the morphological characteristics and nutritional composition of germinated maize. The results indicated that microwave could alter the microstructure of endosperm cells in maize seeds. Microwave enhanced the germination rate and shortened the average germination time. Besides, the sprout length (20.0 %), fresh weight of edible parts (14.0 %) and reducing sugar content (6.04 %) of germinated maize were significantly increased by microwaving of 200 W/20 s, compared with CK (10 d). In addition, the respiratory rate (41.5 %) and free amino acids content (19.5 %) of germinated maize were also significantly enhanced with microwave of 200 W/20 s, compared with CK (7 d). Microwave could significantly increase amylase activity, accelerate starch hydrolysis, and greatly decrease starch content. For soluble protein and fat content of germinated maize, there were no significant differences among the treatment groups. Correlation analysis showed that the sprout length and fresh weight of germinated maize were highly correlated with their nutritional components. Therefore, microwave can be an effective method to improve the nutritional value of germinated maize.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CYTOKININ PREPARATIONS FOR IMPROVING CALLUSOGENESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF GRAPE CUTTINGS (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

EFFECTIVENESS OF CYTOKININ PREPARATIONS FOR IMPROVING CALLUSOGENESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF GRAPE CUTTINGS (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

Growth Response of Long Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) to the Application of Different Types of Water

Germination begins with imbibition or the entry of water that will activate various physiological components of the seed. So it is known that water has an important role in initiating the early stages of plant growth and development. The process of growth and development can be influenced by the type of water around it. This study aims to determine the growth response in Long Beans (Vigna unguiculata) and Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) to the application of various types of water, namely river water, peat water, rainwater and tap water. The seeds were soaked for 3 hours before planting. Then transferred to the planting media. Furthermore, for 7 days, observations were made along with watering the seeds using the treatment water. The parameters observed were the number of germinated seeds, sprout length, and root length on the seventh day. The data obtained were analyzed and processed using IBM SPSS software through parametric test (One-way ANOVA) and non-parametric test (Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test). Based on statistical tests, it is known that there is no significant difference, where in Long Beans the significance value is 0.795 (> 0.05). While in Mung Beans the significance value is 0.602 (> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant difference between each treatment, so that the various types of water in the treatment only as an initiator in the process of germination.

Влияние коротких пептидов на рост и развитие проростков ячменя

The use of peptide preparations is one of the current trends in modern agriculture. These preparations can be used at the stage of seed germination, which is an effective strategy for increasing the dynamics of growth and successful development of plants. The article presents the results of laboratory experiments aimed at studying the effect of a complex of short peptides AC-5 (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine) on the germination of spring barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.) - Vladimir variety and the intensity of their germination. The maximum values of germination energy (95%, 71% at the control) and seed germination (99%, 82% at the control) were obtained in variants with seed treatment with a complex of short peptides at concentrations of 1*10-12 and 1*10-13 g/l, the minimum – in variants with seed treatment at concentrations of 1*10-8 g/l. To determine the effective concentration of short peptides that cause the greatest growth-stimulating effect, morphometric characteristics of barley seedlings (length of roots and sprouts, yield of raw biomass, dry mass of sprouts and dry mass of roots) were studied. According to the totality of the maximum values, the optimal concentration of a complex of short peptides for pre–sowing treatment of spring barley seeds of the Vladimir variety is 1*10-13 g/l. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, A COMPLEX OF SHORT PEPTIDES, SEED GERMINATION, GERMINATION ENERGY, LABORATORY EXPERIENCE