Projects In Germany Research Articles

Further Legal Training for Architects, Civil Engineers, and Construction Managers

Construction projects in Germany must be carried out in compliance with various rules and regulations such as those pertaining to construction law, environmental law, or neighbor law. A breach of law may result in financial or personal disadvantages. Currently, the daily work of architects, civil or structural engineers, and construction managers involves not only solving complex technical problems but also facing legal issues. Nevertheless, legal topics play only a minor role in engineering and architecture education. Because of this and because of frequent changes in the law, further legal education is necessary in order for architects, civil engineers, and construction managers to avoid legal pitfalls in construction projects. This paper addresses the question of whether and to what extent legal education should be offered to architects and engineers. The authors analyzed legal education in architecture, civil engineering, and industrial engineering programs at German universities and universities of applied sciences, because these programs are the basis for the law-related knowledge of architects and engineers. The paper also discusses further legal training for building-related professions. The authors explain the German situation, especially the obligation to engage in ongoing professional development, and make recommendations regarding the extent and content of further legal training.

The IMIRA (Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations) - project in Germany – Lessons learned und implications for health monitoring

Abstract Background A quarter of the population living in Germany are people with a migration background (PMB). In this context, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) has the task of designing the health monitoring system that has been established in recent years in such a way that PMB are adequately taken into account in statements on the health situation of the German population. Methods The Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA) project was initiated at the end of 2016 with the aim of improving the inclusion of MMH in health monitoring. Literature research, expert interviews and feasibility studies were carried out to identify strategies for access routes, recruitment measures, the dismantling of language barriers and the inclusion of MHH, which are incorporated into the concept of Monitoring 4.0, the further development of RKI health monitoring. Results In order to sustainably improve the accessibility of PMB in RKI health monitoring, a sequential study design with multilingual administration modes is planned within interview surveys. Personal contact through home visits and face-to-face interviews as well as the use of interpretation are essential to increase the willingness to participate. Strengthening the diversity sensitivity of the staff, as well as anti-discriminatory reporting, and promoting the participation of PMB and practitioners are additional components. Conclusions The IMIRA project has led to important findings that will be implemented in the long-term health monitoring of the RKI. The improved accessibility of PMB for health surveys enables a reflected presentation of the health situation of PMB, which does justice to the heterogeneity of the population living in Germany. Main messages • In order to include PMB sustainably in health monitoring we need to, develop dynamic study designs, bridge language gaps, establish personal contact, increase diversity sensibility and encourage participation of PMB in development of research processes.

1269. Cohort Profile: The Translational Platform HIV (TP-HIV), a Multicenter Cohort Project in Germany

BackgroundWhile Germany has a long tradition in HIV research with many well-established regional cohorts, there was a lack of collaborative efforts toward harmonized data collection and biobanking, both key strategies for efficient translational research projects. Key challenges are heterogeneity of data systems and privacy concepts, of existing study and data collection protocols, and sample collection, storage, and sharing.MethodsIn 2013, we established the Translational Platform HIV (TP-HIV) with support of the German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) as a collaboration between university hospitals and specialized HIV care centers throughout Germany. After assessing the individual needs of all partner sites, we have taken comprehensive action to create a common platform for collaboration in all research stages. We developed protocols, rules of operation, biobanking strategies, and privacy concepts for all collaborating partner sites. Patients infected with HIV (PLWH) who sign the informed consent for the TP-HIV are pro- and retrospectively included in the cohort.ResultsTo date, the TP-HIV infrastructure is implemented at 27 member sites from 11 cities, potentially extending to more than 20,000 patients currently treated for HIV across Germany. Facing the special needs in the German research environment, the TP-HIV established a unique data- and biomaterial collection allowing expedited translational research and reduce project overheads, regulatory burden, and data security regulations for investigators. By active surveillance, rapid access to individual patient groups such as patients with acute HIV infection, TP-HIV is an ideal platform for early phase clinical trials with new drug candidates. Researchers with clinical, biological, epidemiological, and statistical expertise have been brought together within the TP-HIV, which enables an effective translational chain from bench to bedside and back. New collaborations have been established with currently 23 active study protocols.ConclusionThe TP-HIV has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for generating and testing research hypotheses in PLWH. In the future, we will work to further expand our network and address the pressing needs in the German research environment.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Reconsidering the spatiality of religion and the state: relationality and the mosque not built

ABSTRACTInteractions between religious groups and state actors in cities across Europe are increasingly marked by complex relations that transcend the limitations usually associated with ‘local’ context, religion, or politics. However, scholars often fail to adequately conceptualise the multiple connections between religion and the state across various spatial dimensions. This contribution addresses this lacuna by introducing a relational approach to understanding the nexus of space, religion, and state. It is argued that a relational understanding of space helps to avoid the fallacy of neglecting other spatial categories such as the translocal or the global. This contribution’s conceptual arguments are based on an investigation of the spatial implications of the puzzle of why one of the largest mosque projects in Germany, the Munich Forum for Islam, failed to materialise.

A Multireligious Approach to the Integration of Migrants in Europe: An Examination of Migrants’ Views on and Experiences of Taking Part in Multireligious Integration Projects

Violent conflicts continue to force many migrants to seek protection outside their own country. Some of these migrants have come to Europe, leading to states relying on assistance from civil society organisations, some of which are Faith-based Organisations (FBOs), to meet the migrants’ complex needs. Whereas the important roles religious actors can play in integration processes have been increasingly addressed and acknowledged in the literature, multireligious cooperation on integration has yet to attract the same attention and recognition. Hence, in the first phase of the research project, Name of Project, a range of possible advantages of multireligious cooperation, from an organisational point of view, were identified. These included four benefits for the integration of migrants: 1) Understand and meet the religious/cultural needs of migrants; 2) Help migrants understand the roles of religion in their host community; 3) Counter the narrative that it is more important to help migrants from a particular religion and 4) Opportunity to meet the “other” and build relationships. Acknowledging that further research was needed, phase two has focused on migrants’ opinions on, and experiences of, multireligious cooperation on integration. Data was collected via a survey and semi-structured interviews with migrants that have participated in multireligious projects in Germany, Sweden and the UK. In this article, the data is used to interrogate the organisational perspectives. The article concludes that in certain contexts multireligious cooperation has some distinctive benefits for the integration of migrants and calls for the further development of a multireligious approach to integration.

Leveraging public adaptation finance through urban land reclamation: cases from Germany, the Netherlands and the Maldives

Flood risk in urban areas around the world is increasing due to socio-economic development and climate change. Urban climate adaptation measures are beneficial over the longer term, particularly in coastal areas, yet the upfront costs of such measures are significant. Moreover, public actors responsible for adaptation to flood risk face constrained budgets. A promising strategy for overcoming these constraints and enabling greater adaptation investment is land reclamation that includes adaptation, i.e. flood risk reduction. Land reclamation in high-value urban areas can generate substantial revenues through the sale or lease of new land, or taxes on increased economic activities, thus offsetting public adaptation investments. This paper explores the potential of land reclamation for leveraging public adaptation investments and associated distributional issues, by analysing 3 urban land reclamation and adaptation projects in Germany, the Netherlands and the Maldives. We find that all projects have leveraging potential, and leveraging in projects primarily aimed at land creation is particularly high. Further, due to low adaptation costs needed to protect revenue streams in such projects, these investments appear to be ‘low-regret’. Regarding distributional aspects, high project costs and limited public budgets for adaptation constrain public actors’ ability to ensure equitable outcomes through planning instruments, for example, social housing. Further, in implementation, competition for project benefits can lead to further inequalities. We conclude that urban land reclamation presents a significant opportunity to leverage public adaptation investments under certain conditions. We further outline future research needs including to extend land-based financing theory from related urban infrastructure sectors to inform the design of equitable governance arrangements and to better understand the role of such urban land reclamation projects in regional or national development pathways.

Refugees and online education: student perspectives on need and support in the context of (online) higher education

ABSTRACTOnline education and in particular Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are often regarded as a way to solve global educational challenges. In this article, we highlight the students’ uptake of such a ‘digital solution’. Presenting initial findings from a research project in Germany, we situate our investigation in the specific context of digital educational offers for refugees, using Kiron Open Higher Education as an example. Kiron has designed an innovative academic model, with MOOCs at its core, to ease refugees’ access into higher education. Drawing from student data of 1375 Kiron students we look at students’ actual usage of the offer and the accompanying support services as well as the difficulties refugee students face while navigating online higher education. Results show, amongst others, rather low completion rates in the online courses and point to a much more nuanced picture of how students make use of the offer – putting online education as an easy, straightforward formula to the integration of disadvantaged students into question.

Habitar el paisaje: un ejercicio desde la producción de paisajes posmineros

En 2013, el gobierno local de Bogotá (Colombia) propuso el cierre de minas localizadas en su suelo urbano en un intento por controlar el desarrollo de actividades extractivas, así como las afectaciones que le han sido asociadas. Sin embargo, el decreto que reglamentaba su transición fue suspendido un año más tarde. Esta investigación busca responder a una pregunta desencadenada por dicho suceso en torno a cómo orientar el futuro de estas áreas ante su eventual cierre. El artículo busca enriquecer el abordaje conceptual y metodológico para la comprensión y concreción de los paisajes posmineros. A partir de la interpretación de puentes teóricometodológicos encontrados entre los conceptos de hábitat y paisaje se plantea el paisaje habitado como la base conceptual para construir paisajes posmineros desde la idea de habitarlos. Por otro lado, partiendo de la caracterización contextual y la lectura crítica de dos aproximaciones distintas a la posminería, la primera en el Barrio Potosí en Bogotá y la segunda del proyecto iba-Lausitz en Alemania, son establecidos los elementos que configuran la ruta metodológica propuesta para la construcción de paisajes posmineros. La construcción de estos paisajes se plantea como un proyecto ampliado de construcción colectiva, para el cual es indispensable el establecimiento de pactos territoriales fundados en escenarios de participación y en la construcción colectiva de conocimiento.Ideas destacadas: artículo de investigación que explora las conexiones teórico-metodológicas entre los campos del paisaje y el hábitat, adoptando las aproximaciones de la Metodología de los Eventos Relacionales para el Análisis del Paisaje (merap) y de Construcción Social de Hábitat, para el planteamiento de la ruta metodológica en la construcción de paisajes posmineros.

Direct democracy and intergenerational conflicts in ageing societies

AbstractTo evaluate the potential effects of population ageing on the outcomes of direct democracy, we analyze the effect of age on voting decisions in public referendums. In a case study of the Stuttgart 21 referendum on one of the largest infrastructure projects in Germany, we find that support for the project decreased significantly in age. A quantitative review of the relevant literature affirms that similar lifecycle patterns appear to be the norm in referendums on projects that require initial expenditures and pay off in the long run. Population ageing, thus, presents a potential threat to investment‐like reform projects.

Citizens’ Initiatives in the Context of Germany’s Power Grid Expansion: a Micro-econometric Evaluation of Their Effects on Members’ Protest Behavior

Policymakers and transmission system operators frequently face problems when planning and constructing new high-voltage transmission lines because of opposition among local residents. Protest varies due to attributes of the transmission lines (e.g., length and size), site-specific characteristics, and the extent of consternation among local residents. The most controversially discussed grid expansion project in Germany is the SuedLink, which has been causing severe protest among groups of local residents. One driver of public opposition is the existence of local citizens’ initiatives. These groups play an important role, for example by influencing the public debate, taking legal action, or mobilizing their members and other citizens into protest. In doing so, they can cause delays due to confrontational planning and approval procedures. In order to deal with these risks, decision-makers need to know about the actual effects of citizens’ initiatives on public protest. So far, however, empirical research on these effects has been sparse. This study contributes to filling this gap by considering one specific aspect of the influence of citizens’ initiatives. It isolates the causal effects of citizens’ initiative membership on members’ individual protest behavior in the context of the SuedLink. Controlling for various potential confounders, our results clearly indicate that the probability of performing protest behavior and the intensity of protest are substantially larger for members of citizens’ initiatives than for non-members.

Bridging traditional and new commons: The case of fruit breeding

The recent system of fruit breeding and fruit cultivation faces a range of sustainability challenges, specifically an intense usage of plant protection measures, an increased privatization of former common goods, and an overall loss of resilience in the face of environmental change. We argue that a commons-based organization of fruit breeding could potentially meet these challenges. By (1) drawing on theoretical conceptions of Traditional Commons, Knowledge Commons and Global Commons, and (2) conducting an in-depth case study of a commons-based organic fruit breeding project in Germany, we develop a comprehensive picture of commons-based fruit breeding. Our analysis shows that ‘fruit breeding commons’ are a form of ‘hybrid commons’ and involve two interacting layers of commons organization: The inner layer encompasses the norms, rules and institutions governing the variety breeding process itself within a clearly defined decentralized breeding community. The outer layer encompasses the usage and protection rules regarding the resulting fruit varieties and knowledge about its characteristics referring to a more open community.

Used Daily Dose vs. Defined Daily Dose-Contrasting Two Different Methods to Measure Antibiotic Consumption at the Farm Level.

Tackling the problem of rising antibiotic resistance requires valid and comparable data on the use of antimicrobial drugs in livestock. To date, no harmonized monitoring of antimicrobial usage in animals is available, and there is no system to assess usage data throughout Europe, thus hampering a direct comparison between different European countries. Most of the currently applied monitoring systems are based on sales data. Placement of sales data in relation to the population at risk requires overall assumptions about the weights of the animals treated and the doses applied. Only a few monitoring systems collect data in which the number of treated animals is reported exactly and does not need to be estimated. To evaluate the influence of different calculation methods on the standardizing procedure of antibiotic usage and benchmarking of farms, the treatment frequency for several farms (broiler, suckling piglets, and fattening pigs) was calculated in the following two different ways: first, based on the Used Daily Dose (TFUDD), and second, based on the Defined Daily Dose (TFDDD). To support this evaluation, consumption data from the Veterinary Consumption of Antibiotics Sentinel (VetCAb-S) project in Germany were used as example data. The results show discrepancies between both outcomes depending on the calculation method applied. In broiler holdings, the median values of TFDDD were 20.89% lower than the median values of TFUDD. In suckling piglets and fattening pig holdings, the median values of TFDDD were increased 77.14% and 16.33%, respectively, which may have serious implications for the benchmarking of farms. Furthermore, this finding reflects that the calculation procedure also has an impact on the comparison between populations. Therefore, UDD-based calculations should be preferred to run monitoring systems with a benchmark mission. If, in contrast, the DDD approach is chosen to compare antimicrobial usage between populations, additional considerations should be made to adjust for the addressed discrepancies.

Implications of Spatial Habitat Diversity on Diet Selection of European Bison and Przewalski’s Horses in a Rewilding Area

In Europe, the interest in introducing megaherbivores to achieve ambitious habitat restoration goals is increasing. In this study, we present the results of a one-year monitoring program in a rewilding project in Germany (Doeberitzer Heide), where European bison (Bison bonasus) and Przewalski’s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) were introduced for ecological restoration purposes. Our objectives were to investigate diet and habitat preferences of Przewalski’s horses and European bison under free-choice conditions without fodder supplementation. In a random forest classification approach, we used multitemporal RapidEye time series imagery to map the diversity of available habitats within the study area. This spatially explicit habitat distribution from satellite imagery was combined with direct field observations of seasonal diet preferences of both species. In line with the availability of preferred forage plants, European bison and Przewalski’s horses both showed seasonal habitat preferences. Because of their different preferences for forage plants, they did not overlap in habitat use except for a short time in the colder season. European bison used open habitats and especially wet open habitats more than expected based on available habitats in the study area. Comparative foraging and feeding niches should be considered in the establishment of multispecies projects to maximize the outcome of restoration processes.

Care planning for people with dementia on the margins of care between home care and nursing home: the balance of care approach in the RightTimePlaceCare project in Germany

The balance of care approach is astrategic planning framework that can be used to research the adequacy of care arrangements and the cost implications. It seeks to identify people who are on the margins of care, i. e. whose care and nursing needs could be met in more than one setting, and explores the relative costs of the possible alternatives. This article describes abalance of care application for people with dementia in atransitional phase between home and institutional care in Germany. Asequential mixed-methods design was applied that combined empirical data, the decision of healthcare professionals (panels) and cost estimates in astructured way. Data were collected as part of the RightTimePlaceCare project from 235 people with dementia and their caregivers in 2 settings, in nursing homes and domestic care. Based on five key variables, case types of people with dementia with comparable needs were developed. In panels with healthcare professionals there was consensus that people represented by four of these case types could by cared for at home while the reference group of actual study participants was currently being cared for in nursing homes. For these four case types, exemplary home care arrangements were formulated, costs were estimated and compared to institutional care costs. There is apotential for home care for asignificant group of people with dementia currently admitted to institutional care. Some of the alternative home care arrangements were cost-saving. Despite some limitations, the study demonstrated the utility of the balance of care approach to support the development of empirically based expert recommendations on care provision.

Product data and building assessment – flow of information

The design, realisation and operation of buildings should be based on the principles of sustainable development, and consequently on the goal to conserve natural resources as a critical aspect of it. To this end, improving the resource efficiency in all building-related activities – from design to end-of-life – is necessary. Yet, such an effort cannot be fully successful if not based on comprehensive information. On the architects’ side, there is a need for information on construction products to be fed into the assessment of building design variants. The exchange of information between product and building level is a topic dealt with in European (CEN TC 350) and International (ISO TC59 SC17) standardization. However, the demand on product information goes beyond the content of an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). It is therefore necessary to discuss what are the additional needs for product information and how to provide this information to be practical for a building assessment. Finally, it is necessary to discuss how buildings should be documented along their life cycle to provide useful information for third parties. Third parties are – among others - valuation professionals, facility managers or demolition/dismantling companies. An approach to building files/building information packs will be presented, where information on the physical composition of the building and its material flows in the life cycle (material inventory) becomes an integral part. With regard to standardization, how to determine and present a recycling potential of a building will be discussed. Current research projects in Germany will inform the discussion.

The Philosophicum – Model Project of <i>Philosophy of Medicine</i> in Medical Education and Practice in Germany <i>Perspective Article</i>

Medical and philosophical thinking belong together, cannot be separated neither in scientific theory nor in practice, and only the symbiosis of both can face the challange to reflect the basic phenomenon of both of these desiciplines: human life itself. No patient expects to be treated exclusively on the basis of the latest scientific results, but also wants to be perceived by his doctor as an unique individual. It is the doctor’s specific task to embed the scientifically developed diagnoses therapeutically into each individual patient’s biography. Furthermore such a perspecitve increases patient safety and it enables a future of trust in the doctor-patient relationship. The „Philosophicum“ is a model project in Germany that brings together philosophers, physicians and students to do research and education in the broad and enriching intersection of medicine and philosophy. Based on many years of experience, we are convinced that a structured philosophical education can substantially improve medical studies and subsequently doctors‘ work. Medical anthropology and hermeneutics are necessary and also teachable. The preparation should start early in the medical education and should be strengthened by bedside training while interacting with the patient. This requires philosophically interested and trained doctors and students. Exactely for that reason we favor integrating a philosophicum into the medical eduacation and practice.

Fritz Bennewitz in India: Intercultural Theatre with Brecht and Shakespeare by Joerg Esleben, Rolf Rohmer and David G. John

Reviewed by: Fritz Bennewitz in India: Intercultural Theatre with Brecht and Shakespeare by Joerg Esleben, Rolf Rohmer and David G. John Vera Stegmann Fritz Bennewitz in India: Intercultural Theatre with Brecht and Shakespeare. By Joerg Esleben with Rolf Rohmer and David G. John. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016. Pp. xv + 365. Cloth $52.50. ISBN 978-1487500382. The East German theatre director Fritz Bennewitz (1926–1995) had a colorful career and left a remarkably versatile body of work that may not be widely known outside the field of GDR studies. Born in 1926 in Chemnitz, he was drafted in World War II, taken as a prisoner of war by the Americans in 1945, and had to work in a coal mine. After the war, he studied humanities in Leipzig and theater in Weimar; and from 1953–1955 he was a lecturer on Marxist-Leninist aesthetics at the Theater Academy Leipzig. In 1955 he became senior director of the Meiningen Theater, which he [End Page 182] transformed into the second most important Brecht stage in the GDR. In 1960 Bennewitz took over as director of the Deutsches Nationaltheater in Weimar. Beginning in the 1970s, Bennewitz's artistic career was increasingly shaped by international experiences. He directed plays and conducted workshops in Romania, West Germany, the US, Switzerland, Venezuela, and most frequently in India, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines. Bennewitz first went to India in 1970 to produce Brecht's Threepenny Opera with students at the National School of Drama in New Delhi. This visit initiated a twenty-four-year-long engagement with Indian theatre, during which he returned regularly to India to produce plays. His long-time involvement with the International Theatre Institute and his role as the institute's vice president since 1984 facilitated these visits. In 1991 Bennewitz received the coveted Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the highest award for performing arts in India, as only the second non-Asian to be granted this honor. His last productions concentrated on Goethe's Faust, in Hindi at the Tata Theater in Mumbai and in German at the Meiningen Theater. He could not complete the latter, since he died of cancer in 1995 and was buried at the historical cemetery in Weimar. Research on Bennewitz's work has recently grown dramatically. The Fritz-Bennewitz-Freundeskreis, founded in January 1996, established the Fritz Bennewitz Archive in Leipzig, which is curated by Rolf Rohmer, one of the contributors to the volume. Canadian scholar David G. John, another contributor to this volume, published Bennewitz, Goethe, Faust: German and Intercultural Stagings in 2012; and Esleben's Fritz Bennewitz in India represents the product of team work and the most advanced state of intercultural Bennewitz scholarship to date, for which prominent Indian scholars, such as the cultural critic Rustom Bharucha, were consulted as well. The book is divided into two parts: the larger first part, about two thirds of the volume, covers Bennewitz's letters about his experiences in India, translated and adapted into English by Esleben and presented with Esleben's contextualized commentary and annotations. Interestingly, these letters are now first presented in English; a publication of the original letters in German never materialized, primarily for financial reasons. Most of these letters were addressed to his friend and confidante Waltraut Mertes. It is a one-sided correspondence; Mertes's responses have not been preserved. The shorter second part of the book contains external sources about Bennewitz: a character sketch by the Indian theater personality K.V. Subbanna; excerpts from Esleben's interviews in India with theater practitioners and scholars Amal Allana, Samik Bandyopadhyay, Akshara K.V., Prasanna, and Anuradha Kapur; a biographical essay by Rolf Rohmer; and an article by David G. John on Bennewitz and Brechtian political theater in India. A complete chronology of Bennewitz's productions in South Asia and his Indian projects in Germany, as well as a glossary of Indian and German theatrical terms, complete this rich and detailed sourcebook. Bennewitz's letters cover a fascinating array of subjects. We learn in detail about [End Page 183] Bennewitz's productions of plays by Brecht, Shakespeare, Goethe, Chekhov, and Volker Braun; we hear about the Indian performances that Bennewitz witnessed, and his...

Financial and economic appraisal of a biogas to electricity project

Biogas generated through anaerobic digestion of organic waste, offers unique benefits compared to other renewables, by addressing environmental concerns relating to organic wastes together with creating electricity generation potential. Given the magnitude of benefits for biogas, the utilization of the technology has been increased exponentially worldwide. This study thus aims to identify constraining factors that limit investment in biogas to electricity projects in South Africa, by conducting a financial and economic appraisal of a biogas to electricity project that was proven to be unviable by a large petrochemical company, within the context of the country's renewable energy framework. The study was further benchmarked against a similar biogas to electricity project in Germany. The results indicate that the sale of thermal energy generated via the biogas combined heat and power process largely affects a positive appraisal outcome while the renewable energy policy framework incentivises investors for biogas. Irrespective of the non-viability of the project mainly attributed to high capital costs, the potential for biogas projects exists via the South African renewable energy programme. The financial viability of biogas projects can be improved if the policy frameworks are amended to cater for sale of heat and if independent smaller scale projects are allowed as part of the renewable programme.

Intercultural gardens, an innovative transcultural project in Germany

Le mouvement d’exode déclenché par la guerre civile en Syrie a ravivé le débat public sur le concept, toujours flou, de « culture dominante ». Comme on l’a vu dans les récents affrontements entre partisans du multiculturalisme et tenants d’une exigence stricte d’« assimilation » des immigrés dans une société d’accueil que l’on imagine statique, on constate actuellement une aggravation de ce dualisme. Mais on exclut souvent de ces discussions les réalités concrètes de la vie des migrantes et migrants. Dès le mouvement d’exil entraîné par la guerre de Bosnie, au milieu des années 1990, est né un projet innovant qui a expérimenté une démarche constructive vis-à-vis des différences culturelles, et que l’on peut voir comme une réponse pratique aux exacerbations des tensions sous-jacentes. Dans le projet des jardins interculturels, le fait de jardiner ensemble donne naissance à des processus transculturels de rencontre et d’échange. Dans ces jardins collectifs, on utilise les ressources qu’apportent de leurs pays d’origine ces hommes et ces femmes comme point de départ d’un processus d’autonomisation, et ce, de façon constructive. Cette contribution montre le développement des jardins interculturels depuis 1996 à travers l’exemple des « Jardins Internationaux de Göttingen » et traite des différentes potentialités de cette innovation sociale.

Population trends and diversification of breeding habitats of Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Czech Republic since 1990

Abstract The population of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Czech Republic recovered from a nearly total extinction during the 1960s and 1980s (0­3 breeding pairs) and the first successful breeding after this interval was confirmed in 1995. The increase of the population size accelerated after 2000 and it is still growing despite the limited amount of suitable natural breeding opportunities. There were 89 known pairs in 2016, 70 of them were proven to breed with altogether at least 121 reared young. Several breeding attempts on historical buildings in city­centres were recorded up to 2002 (in Prague and Pilsen), but this breeding habitat was abandoned later. More and more pairs are nowadays breeding on industrial buildings. The first breeding on a power plant chimney, 300m above the ground was discovered in 2010. Moreover, 16 breeding pairs were found on industrial buildings in 2016 (mainly tall chimneys or cooling towers and power­plant buildings), all of them breeding in nest boxes. The colonization of industrial buildings started in western part of the Czech Republic and continues eastwards every year. Currently, the easternmost colonized building is in Mladá Boleslav. We have no recent tree­breeding pairs and all eight published historical cases are at least doubtful. Most of the observed Peregrines ringed abroad came from Germany, indicating a strong influence of German population on restoration of the population in the Czech Republic. Within these recoveries, some of Peregrines were released in the tree­breeding population restoration project in Germany and Poland, but all these birds bred on rocks.