German Studies Research Articles

Assessment of the Dimensionality and Comparability in Legal Cynicism Measurement

Legal cynicism refers to a general contempt of people toward the law and legal authorities. Gifford and Reisig proposed a scale to measure the construct and provided evidence for its multidimensional nature. As an extension of the research on this scale, this study provides answers to two questions relevant for applied empirical research. Should empirical studies of legal cynicism treat its subdimensions as distinct yet interrelated constructs with separate scale scores, or is it adequate to consider the scale unidimensional and use an overall scale score? Are the measurement properties of legal cynicism invariant across socio-demographic characteristics relevant to criminological research? Analyses of data from two German studies (sample 1, n = 342, 54.4% male, mean age 32.7; sample 2, n = 334, 49.40% male, mean age 46.07) revealed that the scale is not sufficiently unidimensional and that the measurement properties are invariant across age, gender, and educational status.

On a Contribution to the History of Teaching German as a Foreign Language at the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century

The Guide to the Initial Study of German by Students of All Nationalities („Leitfaden für den ersten Unterricht im Deutschen. Zum Gebrauche für Schüler aller Nationalitӓten”) presented here was available at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century for the Bulgarian audience, but it was more popular in the pan-European educational context, as it provides interesting linguodidactological guidelines for the first lessons in German. However, the abundance of texts and grammatical rules rather shows that the authors have not managed to emancipate themselves completely from the dogmatism of the grammar-translation method and from the imperative memorization of words and rules.

Pemanfaatan Teknologi dan Intervensi Digital dalam Pencegahan Risiko Jatuh pada Lansia

The aim of this research is to evaluate digital interventions aimed at preventing falls among individuals aged 65 and older. The methodology employed involves a literature review assessing the effectiveness of various technologies in reducing fall risks, as well as identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The study includes elderly participants using digital technology or interventions compared to a control group receiving standard care or no intervention. Outcomes considered include reduced fall risk, fall incidents, or severity of fall-related injuries. Studies meeting inclusion criteria encompass experimental designs (randomized controlled trials, controlled trials) or observational studies with adequate controls, available in English. PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases were utilized up to June 19, 2024, with additional reference searches. Research findings indicate that out of 608 identified articles, 10 studies met inclusion criteria following screening processes. These studies utilized a variety of technologies such as mobile applications, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), machine learning, and robotics. Conducted in various countries, these studies demonstrate diverse applications; for instance, UK studies used mobile apps and 3D games for fall awareness, Chinese studies employed VR for rehabilitation, and German studies explored robotics for fall prevention. The research concludes by highlighting the potential of technologies like VR, AR, machine learning, and robotics in reducing fall risks among the elderly, thereby enhancing healthcare practices and quality of life. Keywords: Elderly, Falls Risk, Prevention, Technology

Exploring work ability, psychosocial job demands and resources of employees in low-skilled jobs: a German cross-sectional study

BackgroundExtending working lives due to labour market and pension regulations makes maintaining and promoting work ability necessary. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that employees in low-skilled jobs (no qualification required) contribute significantly to society and the economy. Research on these employees has been neglected in Germany for many decades despite demanding working conditions. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between low-skilled jobs and work ability. Moreover, we explore this relationship’s variation by psychosocial work demands and resources.MethodsWe use two waves of the German Study on Mental Health at Work (S-MGA). We calculate Ordinary-Least-Squares (OLS) regression models with pooled data (n = 6,050) to analyse the relationship between job requirement level and work ability. We also explore the contribution of job demands and resources on this relationship with interaction models. We use the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), to assess psychosocial work demands and resources.ResultsEmployees performing low-skilled jobs report significantly less work ability than those in medium- or high-skilled jobs. Interaction models show significantly greater work ability for employees in medium- and high-skilled jobs with high influence on their work (amount or tasks). Unexpectedly, employees in low-skilled jobs have lower work ability with more influence on their work. Furthermore, high role clarity, describing responsibility, authority and work goals, is associated with lower levels of work ability among employees in low-skilled jobs.ConclusionsThe moderating effect of role clarity on the work ability of employees in low-skilled jobs can possibly be attributed to skills mismatch and limited responsibility, as well as a lack of self-perceived collective purpose of the job. The moderation of the influence on work dimension supports results of previous studies. Too much job autonomy can have negative effects under certain circumstances and is therefore perceived as a job demand in some studies. Consequently, mechanisms concerning psychosocial work demands and resources must be investigated in further studies with different theoretical approaches. The imbalance of job demands and resources shows that employers should invest in preserving the work ability to prevent early exit from the labour market in an aging society.

An Assessment of Perceived Fluency German as a Foreign Language: Case Study

Speech fluency is an important aspect of foreign language competence that can not only be measured objectively but is also perceived subjectively by listeners. The term perceived fluency therefore refers to the subjective perception of the speaker's language competence. This includes a situationally appropriate speech rate and fluent speech without delays. The main goal of this article is the assessment and analysis of the perceived fluency of Croatian students of German studies in the context of a one-semester seminar. Speech fluency in German as a foreign language was assessed using assessment forms. The evaluation is the subjective assessment of an L1 speaker from Germany who was a participant in the same seminar. The evaluation criteria include speech rate, intonation, intelligibility, and delays of various kinds. This study particularly highlighted which components influence perceived fluency. Speech rate, which is very close to that of a native speaker, has a particularly positive impact on perceived fluency. While it is not a measurable assessment of fluency, it still provides insightful results. These could, for example, serve as a basis for developing targeted training tasks to improve the identified weak points.

Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Adults’ Reactions to Same-Gender versus Other-Gender Flirtation: Findings from a German Study

Using a vignette methodology, this study examined reactions to same-gender versus other-gender flirtation in a sample of 445 German young adults: 320 participants with a heterosexual orientation and 125 participants with a lesbian or gay (LG) orientation. Even in LG-friendly societies as Germany, receiving advances from someone of the same gender might still evoke heterosexuals’ homonegativity. Another factor that might influence heterosexuals’ reactions to same-gender flirtation is the fear of being misidentified as LG (social contagion concerns). Contrary to hypothesis, results provided little evidence to classify heterosexual participants’ reactions to same-gender flirters as homonegative. Firstly, heterosexual participants showed the same degree of negative affect and avoidance behavior in the same-gender flirtation condition as LG participants did in the other-gender flirtation condition. Only positive affect scores were somewhat lower for heterosexual participants in the same-gender flirtation condition compared to LG participants in the other-gender flirtation condition. Secondly, when anti-LG attitudes and social contagion concerns were considered together, only social contagion concerns contributed to explaining variance in heterosexual participants’ response to same-gender flirters. Specifically, the impact of social contagion concerns on heterosexual participants’ avoidance of same-gender flirters was mediated by (lacking) positive affect, but not negative affect.

Quality of life assessment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in REFLECT: a prospective, non-interventional, multicenter, German study, assessing Sandoz rituximab in combination with CHOP

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data are important indicators of health status in patients with lymphoma. The objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of treatment with Sandoz rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) on HRQoL in treatment-naïve adult patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) included in the prospective, real-world REFLECT study. REFLECT is the first prospective study to assess HRQoL in patients with DLBCL treated with a rituximab biosimilar. HRQoL was assessed via the patient-reported European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire at baseline, mid-treatment (month 3), end of treatment (month 6), and follow-up (months 9 and 12). Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of baseline characteristics on HRQoL, and associations between baseline HRQoL and treatment response. HRQoL was assessed in 169 patients. Mean global health status score remained stable from baseline (54.8) to mid-treatment (month 3; 54.7), before steadily improving through to end of treatment (month 6; 61.4), and follow-up month 9 (64.9) and month 12 (68.8). Similar trends were observed across most functional and symptom subscales. Higher cognitive, physical, or role functioning, and less appetite loss, diarrhea, fatigue, or pain at baseline, were all associated with an improved likelihood of reaching a complete versus partial response at the end of treatment. Overall, these findings confirm the HRQoL benefits of R-CHOP therapy in treatment-naïve adult patients with DLBCL, and suggest that baseline HRQoL may be predictive of treatment response.

The experience of men with breast cancer: a metasynthesis

Abstract Aim To assess men’s experiences when diagnosed with breast cancer. Subject and Methods: The breast is a symbol of femininity. Therefore, it is no surprise that studies on women’s experiences with breast cancer predominate in the literature. Because breast cancer accounts for just 1% of all cancers among men, it is often overlooked. Nevertheless, it accounts for proportionately more deaths than penile or testicular cancer. Five major databases were queried in December 2022 to review primary studies with qualitative design. Results Of the 206 articles selected and screened, eight met the inclusion criteria. Three highlighting men’s experience with stigmatisation and their need to be taken into consideration, even through information not solely aimed at women, are from a German study conducted between 2018 and 2020. Three from the UK between 2003 and 2007, also emphasise the stigma and the need for more information directed specifically at men. The study from the United States points out that men who receive treatment in women’s care spaces experience feelings of inadequacy. Last, a recent Israeli paper (2021) describes how men conceal the disease to avoid the stigma altogether. Conclusion The paper examines the paltry, recent research on men’s emotional experience with breast cancer, which is culturally relegated to women. However, a clear need emerges for more attention to be paid to addressing communications and relations for these male patients as well.

The interplay of social rank perceptions of Trump and Biden and emotions following the U.S. presidential election 2020

ABSTRACT The outcome of the 2020 U.S. election between Trump and Biden evoked strong emotions. In U.S. American (Study 1; N = 405) and German (Study 2; N = 123) samples, we investigated how observers’ group membership (i.e. political orientation) and the social rank attainment of both candidates (i.e. dominance vs. prestige) predicted emotional reactions. Trump was generally perceived as more dominant, and Biden as more prestigious. However, perceptions of social rank attainment differed depending on the observers’ political orientation, either matching or not matching with the leaders (i.e. Republicans and Democrats, respectively). The candidate who did not share the participants’ political orientation was perceived as less prestigious and more dominant and elicited stronger contrastive emotions (i.e. schadenfreude, malicious envy) and weaker assimilative emotions (i.e. happy-for-ness, sympathy, anger), and vice versa. Crucially, dominance and prestige perceptions explained variance in the emotional reactions of more conservative and more liberal participants. Prestige positively predicted assimilative emotions and dominance contrastive emotions. Our work advances theorising by providing evidence that dominance and prestige perceptions contribute to the elicitation of various emotions. Furthermore, it suggests that prestige and dominance are not fixed characteristics of liberal and conservative leaders but depend on the observers’ group membership.

Scientificity before Scientism: The Invention of Cultural Research in German Studies of Antiquity 1800–1850

This paper examines how scholars of Greek and Roman antiquity in the German-speaking territories in the first half of the nineteenth century define scientificity (Wissenschaftlichkeit). I will argue that antiquity studies in this period of its foundation as a discipline is an instructive case to examine with regard to questions as to how scientific knowledge is established as different from other forms of knowledge, how scientific fields establish relative autonomy from other fields and what forms scientific autonomy can take. Widely recognised as important for the history of the modern research university, the case is not only interesting because it is influential. It is also interesting because the discussions in this period are so different to discussions in the later nineteenth century in the social sciences and the humanities, which have shaped debates about scientificity in sociology and cognate disciplines: We find here a notion of social and cultural research as a scientific endeavour, discussed not primarily with reference to or in defence against the natural sciences, but rather defined against imitative learning and the expectation that research provide moral support for the emerging Germany by idealizing the Greeks. The case highlights moralization as a source of heteronomy in cultural fields in addition to the more widely discussed forces of the market and the influence of the state.

Early Nuclear Fusion Cross-Section Advances 1934–1952 and Comparison to Today’s ENDF Data

We describe the advancing knowledge of fusion cross sections from 1934 through the development of the first thermonuclear tests fielded by Los Alamos (the singular entity denoted Los Alamos Laboratory/Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory/Los Alamos National Laboratory at different times is designated “Los Alamos” in this paper) in the Pacific in 1951–1952; this technical history has not been previously documented. We compare these nuclear reaction cross sections to the current state of their knowledge as codified in the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) databases, focusing on the Big Five reactions: 3H ( d , n ) 4 He, 3He ( d , p ) 4 He, 2H ( d , n ) 3 He, 2H ( d , p ) 3 H, and 3H ( t , 2 n ) 4 He. At Oppenheimer’s July 1942 University of California, Berkeley, “galaxy of luminaries” conference, Konopinski suggested that the cross section for 3H ( d , n ) 4 He “DT” could be large, and although Teller described this as an “inspired guess,” we provide evidence instead suggesting that Konopinski knew of a 1938 measurement by Ruhlig that secondary DT reactions were “exceedingly probable.” Bethe’s direction that the DT cross section should be measured at Purdue University (Purdue) in 1943 led to the remarkable and unexpected finding that the DT cross section exceeds deuteron-deuteron (DD) by a factor of 100. This was a game-changing result, making Teller’s dream, i.e., the terrestrial production of fusion energy, feasible. Eyewitness accounts are transcribed from the earliest discoveries of the large magnitude of the resonant DT cross section. A description is given of the Manhattan Project’s early 1942–1944 DD measurements at the University of Chicago, the 1943 DT measurements at Purdue, and the subsequent 1945–1946 DD and DT measurements at Los Alamos. The Los Alamos experiments, led by Bretscher, were the first to extend to very low incident ion center-of-mass energies in the 6- to 50-keV range needed in applications and the first to identify, characterize, and document the 3/2+ “Bretscher state” responsible for the resonance-enhanced DT cross section. The early measurements were based on thick-target experiments that required a knowledge of hydrogen-isotope stopping powers, much of which was informed by 1930s German studies. We end with the high-accuracy APSST (named for Arnold, Phillips, Sawyer, Stovall, and Tuck) measurements at Los Alamos, 1951–1952. The very first 1942–1946 measurements were accurate to about 50% or somewhat better, but by the early 1950s, the cross sections were determined much more accurately, to within a few percent of our best values today, which come from R-matrix Energy Dependent Analysis (EDA) code analyses of the data, most notably the very accurate 1980s–1990 Los Alamos DT and DD fusion data from Jarmie and Brown. We show that Fermi, in his 1945 Los Alamos lectures, anticipated the S-factor (for the DT cross section), which is a concept widely used later in nuclear astrophysics. To this long abstract, we add a final tidbit: Marshall Holloway, a coauthor on the first-ever 1943 DT cross-section measurement at Purdue, went on to lead the engineering and fabrication of the first H-bomb test, Ivy Mike.

Teaching sustainability in German studies: Culture, curriculum, and collaboration

Teaching sustainability in German studies: Culture, curriculum, and collaboration

Methods, Indicators, and End-User Involvement in the Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions for the Public: Scoping Review.

Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to enable public end users, such as citizens and patients, to manage and improve their health. Although the number of available DHIs is increasing, examples of successfully established DHIs in public health systems are limited. To counteract the nonuse of DHIs, they should be comprehensively evaluated while integrating end users. Unfortunately, there is a wide variability and heterogeneity according to the approaches of evaluation, which creates a methodological challenge. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the current established processes for evaluating DHIs, including methods, indicators, and end-user involvement. The review is not limited to a specific medical field or type of DHI but offers a holistic overview. This scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews based on the framework by Arksey & O'Malley and complies with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct) were searched in April 2023. English and German studies between 2008 and 2023 were considered when evaluating DHIs that explicitly address public end users. The process of study selection was carried out by several researchers to avoid reviewer bias. The search strategy identified 9618 publications, of which 160 were included. Among these included articles, 200 evaluations were derived and analyzed. The results showed that there is neither a consensus on the methods to evaluate DHIs nor a commonly agreed definition or usage of the evaluated indicators, which results in a broad variety of evaluation practices. This aligns with observations of the existing literature. It was found that there is a lack of references to existing frameworks for the evaluation of DHIs. The majority of the included studies referred to user-centered approaches and involved end users in the evaluation process. As assistance for people developing and evaluating DHIs and as a basis for thinking about appropriate ways to evaluate DHIs, a results matrix was created where the findings were combined per DHI cluster. Additionally, general recommendations for the evaluators of DHIs were formulated. The findings of this scoping review offer a holistic overview of the variety and heterogeneity according to the approaches of evaluation of DHIs for public end users. Evaluators of these DHIs should be encouraged to reference established frameworks or measurements for justification. This would ease the transferability of the results among similar evaluation studies within the digital health sector, thereby enhancing the coherence and comparability of research in this area.

Under Armour – Use of personal protective equipment for simulated CPR of COVID-19 patients: an observational study

BackgroundPersonal protective equipment (PPE) protects healthcare workers and patients. Data on guideline compliance on how to dress (donning) or remove (doffing) PPE and the assistance among multiple participants (buddying) are limited. This study assesses the quality of donning, doffing, and buddying of PPE in a simulated medical emergency.MethodPhysicians handling a simulated cardiac arrest of a COVID-19 patient. Adjacent to the victim, PPE was available. The appropriateness of PPE choice was assessed by using video recordings, with each individual participant being analyzed from the beginning of the simulation scenario from two perspectives regarding the selection of items during donning and doffing, hygiene aspects, time, and team support (buddying). The primary outcome was the number of participants being appropriately protected, defined as both wearing (a) all PPE items provided, and (b) all PPE items correctly at the time of first patient contact (FPC). Secondary outcomes included the timing of participants being appropriately protected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 28). Mann–Whitney test, chi-square test, and linear regression analysis were performed as appropriate.ResultsAt first patient contact 21% (91/437) were correctly protected. One or more incorrect PPE items were found in 4% (19/437), whereas 61% (265/437) wore one or more PPE items incorrectly. In 14% (62/437), one or more PPE items were missing. The time interval between donning start and FPC was 66 (55–78) sec. Time to FPC was longer in correctly than in incorrectly protected participants 77 (66–87) vs. 64 (54–75) sec; p < 0.001) and decreased by 7 ± 2 s per PPE item omitted (P = 0.002). Correct doffing was observed in 192/345 (56%), while buddying occurred in 120 participants (27%), indicating that they either assisted other participants in some manner (verbally or physically) or received assistance themselves.ConclusionsOur findings imply a need for education in correct and timely PPE donning and doffing. Donning PPE as intended delayed FPC. This and the influence of buddying needs further investigation (German study register number DRKS00023184).

An exploratory review on the empirical evaluation of the quality of reporting and analyzing labor duration.

This exploratory review aimed to provide empirical evidence on the definitions of labor, the statistical approaches and measures reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies measuring the duration of labor. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted using different databases. An extraction form was designed and used to extract relevant data. English, French, and German studies published between 1999 and 2019 have been included. Only RCTs and observational studies analyzing labor duration (or a phase of labor duration) as a primary outcome have been included. Ninety-two RCTs and 126 observational studies were eligible. No definition of the onset of labor was provided in 21.7% (n = 20) of the RCTs and 23.8% (n = 30) of the observational studies. Mean was the most frequently applied measure of labor duration in the RCTs (89.1%, n = 82), and median in the observational studies (54.8%, n = 69). Most RCTs (83%, n = 76) and observational studies (70.6%, n = 89) analyzed labor duration using a bivariate method, with the t-test being the most frequently applied (45.7% and 27%, respectively). Only 10.8% (n = 10) of the RCTs and 52.4% (n = 66) of the observational studies conducted a multivariable regression: 3 (30%; out of 10) RCTs and 37 (56%; out of 66) observational studies used a time-to-event adapted model. This survey reports a lack of agreement with respect to how the onset of labor and phases of labor duration are presented. Concerning the statistical approaches, few studies used survival analysis, which is the appropriate statistical framework to analyze time-to-event data.

German Experience with a Novel Balloon-Expandable Heart Valve Prosthesis for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation-Outcomes of the MYLAND (MYvaL germAN stuDy) Study.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the initial experience in Germany with the Meril Myval™ (MM) transcatheter heart valve (THV) system for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. The MM THV is a novel balloon-expandable valve with an expanded sizing matrix. Contemporary patients undergoing TAVI with the established Edwards Sapien™ (ES) THV served as the comparator group. Methods: Between 1st March and 31 August 2020 a total of 134 patients (33% female, 80.1 ± 6.7 years; EuroScore II 4.7 ± 4.8) underwent TAVI with an MM (95% transfemoral) for severe aortic stenosis at six German tertiary care centers. Results: Correct positioning of the THV was achieved in 98.5% (n = 132). Mean aortic gradients (MPG) were reduced from 42 ± 14 mmHg to 11 ± 5 mmHg. Mild postprocedural paravalvular leak (PVL) was observed in 62% (n = 82) patients, whereas only one patient had more than mild PVL. New permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) was indicated in 15 patients (11%). Major vascular complications occurred in 6.7% (n = 9) patients. The in-hospital combined incidence of all-cause death and stroke was 4.5% (n = 6). In the comparator group that included 268 patients, the 30-day incidences of PPI, major vascular complications, and the composite of all-cause death and stroke were 16%, 1.9%, and 7.1%, respectively; MPGs were reduced from 44 ± 15 mmHg to 12.8 ± 4.6 mmHg and the more than mild PVL occurred in 0.7%. Conclusions: The MM is a promising novel THV system, with performance comparable to the established ES THVs. These findings await confirmation by ongoing randomized trials.

Redesigning the survey course: A focus on music, historically excluded identities, and the canon

AbstractSo‐called survey courses have been a persistent but contested genre in world languages, especially in regard to “the canon,” an unstable concept that has historically determined the textual choices of such surveys. This article presents a case study for redesigning the survey course genre in line with theory to diversify, decolonize, and decanonize the curriculum. It discusses a number of steps concerning the theoretical background, textual improvements, approaches to assignments, classroom atmosphere, and general pedagogy. It reflects on questions of positionality, institutional support, and workload. Focusing on music and short texts, the survey course described here questions the common practices and core values of German studies, music history, and musicology, and takes a critical stance toward privilege and power. In this context, the course counters tokenization, juxtaposes non‐canonical and canonical works, and focuses on inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility work, as well as universal instructional design principles and social justice education. Thus, the survey becomes a new genre—one that still offers students the breadth of cultural production but relies on a particular set of prerequisites determined by factors such as the space, time, and accessibility of a course, as well as the identity markers of instructor and students.

On the role of values in judgements on conflicting planning processes – prospects for agonistic planning? Basic considerations from Germany

ABSTRACT Adapting political science’s model of agonistic pluralism, literature in spatial planning reinterprets conflicts as constructive elements. The impact of stakeholders and their management of conflicting values remains uncertain. However, planning requires continual validation of its values. The article delves into the role of values in judgments on conflicting planning processes. An explorative German study reveals that courts prioritise procedural over substantive values, although they acknowledge the latter, such as environmental protection. We argue in favour of considering values in research on agonistic planning but acknowledge that the influence of courts is limited due to institutional constraints.

Resurgence of common respiratory viruses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)—A prospective multicenter study

BackgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major global cause of death and hospitalization. Bacteria or community-acquired viruses (CARVs) cause CAP. COVID-19 associated restrictions effectively reduced the circulation of CARVs. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the proportion of CARVs in adult patients with CAP from mid-2020 to mid-2023. Specifically, we aimed to compare the rate of influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV detections in patients aged 18–59 years and ≥60 years. Study designWe analyze the proportion of 21 community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) and three atypical bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in nasopharyngeal swab samples using molecular multiplex methods within the prospective, multicentre, multinational study of the German study Group CAPNETZ. We used stringent inclusion criteria throughout the study. ResultsWe identified CARVs in 364/1,388 (26.2 %) patients. In detail, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 210/1,388 (15.1 %), rhino-/enterovirus in 64/1,388 (4.6 %), influenza virus in 23/1,388 (1.6 %) and RSV in 17/1,388 (1.2 %) of all patients. We detected RSV and influenza more frequently in patients ≥60 years, especially in 22/23 compared to the previous season. None of the atypical bacteria were detected. ConclusionsBeginning in 2023, we demonstrate a re-emergence of CARVs in CAP patients. Effective vaccines or specific antiviral therapies for more than two thirds of the detected viral infections are currently available. High detection rates of vaccine-preventable viruses in older age groups support targeted vaccination campaigns.

Лингвокультурные аспекты семантики диалектной лексики (на материале островных немецких говоров в Сибири)

Island German dialects that exist in certain regions of Russia and partially retain the status of the everyday family language in Russian German families are a unique linguistic phenomenon from the point of view of the history of the development of the German language and its regional variants and language contacts as factors of influence on the language system. Island German dialects develop in a foreign language environment, preserving many archaic language elements. The aim of the study is to present aspects of the study of dialectal vocabulary in a new perspective, from the standpoint of linguoculturology and historical semantics, based on the accumulated scientific experience in German studies and dialectology of various languages. As the linguocultural aspects based on the material of German dialects outside the main language area have been developed in German studies fragmentarily, the scientific novelty lies in the approaches to the consideration of the semantics of vocabulary of island German dialects in terms of its significance as a representative of the linguoculture of Russian Germans and substantiates the need to consider island variants of the German language in an interdisciplinary aspect. As a result of the analysis of theoretical aspects of cultural linguistics and dialectology, an attempt is made to show what ethnoculturally significant information is reflected in the semantics of dialect units, and to determine the perspective of further dialectological research in the field of island German dialectology.