German Clothing Research Articles

Prediction of Consumer Purchase Intension

The change in recent years from physical store visits to online purchasing has made it more crucial than ever to predict client behavior in the context of e-commerce. It can increase consumer satisfaction and sales by offering a more customized purchasing experience, improving conversion rates and giving businesses a competitive edge. Customer data can be added to and used to build models for predicting consumer behavior.In this study, a big German clothing shop uses machine learning models to forecast a purchase, which is an important use case. This study goes beyond simply evaluating the performance of the models on sequential and static customer data by conducting a descriptive data analysis and individually training the models on the various datasets. Total of three different algorithms.

No brand can easily claim to be ‘luxury’: A case study of Hugo Boss’ brand positioning (2006–2020)

Much confusion still prevails over the distinction between the terms luxury, premium and fashion. Both academics and professionals understand them very differently. This paper delves into the relationship between positioning and business model using the framework proposed by Kapferer [Kapferer, J. N., (2016), ‘The Challenges of Luxury Branding. The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management’, Routledge, London, p. 485], which highlights how different the business models from luxury, premium and fashion are. Another trading-up brand strategies framework is presented, and a new trading-up strategy model is then proposed. To illustrate these theoretical frameworks and related strategies, the German clothing icon Hugo Boss has been chosen as a case study for its self-proclaimed positioning’s shift, over fifteen years (2006–2020), from premium to luxury and back to premium. In terms of methodology, a longitudinal study has been favoured to observe Hugo Boss’ changes of positioning over time. This paper relies on secondary data, drawn from Hugo Boss’ annual reports of the aforementioned time period, its investors’ presentations, bank analyst’s reports and business newspapers’ articles. Along three self-elaborated drivers of a trading-up strategy from premium to luxury (ie develop exclusive distribution, increase product quality and fuel marketing engine), the findings about Hugo Boss have shown that the brand only partially developed its business model along these lines, resulting in a shift, in 2016, towards a trading-down strategy back to its original positioning in premium. However, in the years until 2020, these trading-up investments have had long-lasting and significant effects on the brand performance. Additionally, further results indicated that the shareholder structure, the choice of management, the brand’s communication and the macroeconomic environment were decisive factors as well.

Jewish Literature in German Clothing…?

Jewish Literature in German Clothing…?

PENGUASAAN KATA SANDANG BAHASA JERMAN SISWA SMA NEGERI 3 SINJAI DALAM MENYUSUN KALIMAT SEDERHANA

Abstract. This study aims to determine the data and information about the level of mastery of article of German in composing simple sentences and the factors that influence the mastery of German clothing in Sinjai 3 High School students in compiling simple sentences. This research is quantitative descriptive. To collect data used a written test, and a closed questionnaire. Then the data collected was analyzed using percentage techniques. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPS SMA Negeri 3 Sinjai. The sample used in this study was total sampling consisting of 3 classes with 83 students. The results of the study showed that the mastery of German language clothing for Sinjai 3 High School students in compiling simple sentences was in the Less category (58.34%).

Trust in the West or «West-Pakete» from the GDR?!Consumption of East German Clothing by Soviet Women in the Brezhnev Era

Trust in the West or «West-Pakete» from the GDR?! Consumption of East German Clothing by Soviet Women in the Brezhnev Era The article aims to challenge the widespread assumption in the historiography that, in the Brezhnev era, the «trickle-down» of Western fashion into the USSR undermined not only consumers’ trust in Soviet goods, but also trust in the «Soviet» itself. However, the overwhelming majority of studies explicitly consider only capitalist countries the «West». These studies fail to take into account the mediated «trickling down» of the West into the Soviet Union through consumer goods imported from socialist states such as the GDR. In my article, I argue that this phenomenon can be seen as one of the stabilising mechanisms that allowed Soviet civilisation to function. Drawing primarily on oral history interviews that I conducted and memoirs written by Soviet women of the «last Soviet generation» (A. Yurchak), I identify channels, dimensions, levels and functions of trust-building in the everyday practices of both imaginary and actual consumption of East German goods. One of the key symbolic connotations of Soviet consumers’ trust in fashion made in the GDR was «trust in the West». This trust also comprised «trust in the typical German virtues» and «trust in proper socialism». The latter type of trust indicates that the political dimension of trust in commodities made in the GDR cannot be reduced to distrust in the actual Soviet state; instead, this distrust coexisted with trust in the ideal-theoretical version of a socialist society.

The culture of clothing: On the history of the Fashion Image Collection – Lipperheide Costume Library in Berlin

In the last third of the 19th century, Berlin was the undisputed capital of the German clothing and fashion industry on an international scale. Several publishing houses specialized in the production of fashion magazines for different target groups. One of the success stories in this context is that of the publisher Franz Lipperheide and his wife Frieda. In 1865, they founded their own company, publishing the journal Die Modenwelt: Illustrirte Zeitung für Toilette und Handarbeiten. This journal quickly became the most-read fashion journal in Berlin. By the company's 25th anniversary in 1890, a total of 12 international editions of the journal was published with around 500,000 subscribers. The economic success of their company allowed the Lipperheides to create extensive private collections that reflected their deep interest in cultural-historical topics as well as textile art.This paper focuses on their collection of source material for costume studies, which is now known as the ‘Sammlung Modebild—Lipperheidesche Kostümbibliothek’ (Fashion Image Collection—Lipperheide Costume Library), a department of the Kunstbibliothek at the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. The paper presents its history, some collection highlights and the various means of access (catalogues, exhibition catalogues and online access).

Einleitung: Produktion und Verkauf von Kleidung seit dem späten 19. Jahrhundert

Abstract Introduction: Production and Sales of Clothing since the End of the 19th Century This paper traces the development of the clothing industry and the clothing retail trade in Germany, and the historiography thereof. In contrast to the textile industry, which experienced substantial technical progress in the course of the industrialization, these industries remained labour intensive. After World War II, the European clothing industry followed cheap labour. Production was relocated in the 1950s from the urban consumption centers to the countryside, in the 60s to the European periphery and in the 70s outside Europe. The German clothing retail trade underwent fundamental change as well, especially in the 30s when many of them were «aryanized». This issue contains five papers on the German and American clothing business.

Das leise Sterben einer Branche – Der Niedergang der westdeutschen Bekleidungsindustrie in den 1960er/70er Jahren

Abstract Unnoticed Disappearance – The Decline of the West-German Clothing Industry in the 1960s/70s In the beginning of the 20th century the German clothing industry used to be a considerable producer of consumer goods, manufacturing clothes for both home and export market. In the 1960s and 70s this branch of the German industry began to decline, mainly due to the pay gap between the labor costs in Germany and low-wage-countries located in Eastern Europe and Asia. In response to this development bigger German companies outsourced their production abroad to save labor costs. Smaller companies often lacked the needed financial resources and had to face bankruptcy as result. At the end only services like planning and quality control remained in Germany. In consequence of this development a lot of German seamstresses lost their jobs. The government did not care about these problems; the enterprises did not receive subsidies. The unions in the sector were weak due to a high percentage of working women and the high ratio of small and medium sized regionally dispersed enterprises.

100 per cent organic? A sustainable entrepreneurship perspective on the diffusion of organic clothing

Purpose – This paper analyses the sustainability-oriented transformation of industries from the lens of sustainable entrepreneurship. The authors investigate the co-evolution between pioneers introducing radically more sustainable offerings and (mostly large) market leaders with their responses. While sustainability pioneers introduce new products in niche markets, incumbents advance them into the mass market, together leading to the transformation of industries, markets and consumer habits. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply the sustainable entrepreneurship perspective to a case study of the German clothing retail industry with a focus on organic cotton. The analysis covers four of the ten largest German textile retailers. Data collection is based on public available sources. Findings – The late 1970s saw the foundation of Hess Natur, which pioneered organic cotton practices and supported the development of sustainability standards in the clothing industry. In the beginning this was largely a phenomenon in niche markets, but to date some organic practices have diffused amongst mainstream retailers. This is counter-intuitive, as theory suggests that incumbents only adopt practices with significantly lower sustainability standards than companies in the niche. Research limitations/implication – The study suggests that more research should focus on the co-evolutionary dynamics between pioneering companies and incumbents and examine whether and how sustainability practices diffuse into the mass market. Practical implications – The findings can help managers to better understand their organisation’s role in the transformation of industries towards sustainability and, vice versa, how the transformation may affect them. Leading the transformation challenge by adopting organic and other sustainable supply chain practices can be an important measure for market success. Originality/value – This study is one of the few pieces of research investigating sustainability-oriented industry transformation from a market-based perspective. Actual data on organic cotton diffusion in German retail are presented.

Intra‐industry Adjustment to Import Competition: Theory and Application to the German Clothing Industry

AbstractThis paper uses an oligopoly model with heterogeneous firms to examine how an industry adjusts to rising import competition. The model predicts that in the short run the least efficient firms in the industry become inactive, surviving firms face a fall in output, mark‐ups and profits, and average industry productivity increases due to a selection effect. These pro‐competitive effects of import penetration on the domestic industry disappear in the long run. The predictions for the short run are confirmed in an empirical study of the German clothing industry.

Intra-Industry Adjustment to Import Competition: Theory and Application to the German Clothing Industry

Intra-Industry Adjustment to Import Competition: Theory and Application to the German Clothing Industry

Labor Market Adjustments after a Large Import Shock: Evidence from the German Clothing Industry and the Multi-Fibre Arrangement

This paper considers labor market adjustments following a large import shock in the German clothing industry caused by the phasing out of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement. Using the German shoe industry as a control group and administrative data, we study adjustments on the individual and firm level using difference-in-differences. Our results suggest relatively small increases in unemployment risk and no wage effects on the individual level, despite a 30% increase in plant mortality. Part of the different effects found for plants and individuals can be attributed to the reallocation of workers into other industries and occupations.

Intra-Industry Adjustment to Import Competition: Theory and Application to the German Clothing Industry

This paper uses an oligopoly model with heterogeneous firms to examine how an industry adjusts to rising import competition. The model predicts that in the short run the least efficient firms in the industry become inactive, surviving firms face a fall in output, mark-ups and profits, and the average productivity of survivors increases. These pro-competitive effects of import penetration on the domestic industry disappear in the long run. The predictions for the short run are confirmed in an empirical study of the German clothing industry.

Nazi chic?: fashioning women in the Third Reich

Part One Introduction The Fashion Debate in World War One The 'New' Woman Part Two Fashioning Women in the Third Reich 'Purifying' the German Clothing Industry The German Fashion Institute The War Years: The Home Front, the Ghettos and the Concentration Camps of the Third Reich Conclusion Bibliography Know more about this book by visiting: http://www.nazichic.cc/

Structural change: The dominant feature in the economic development of the German textile and clothing industries

The textile and clothing industries are good examples to analyse emerging industrial trends in international co‐operation and to map the globalisation effects on outward processing, jobs and technology. The research focuses on the development of economic indicators and is based on the results from consulting and research projects, as well from enquiries in the German textile and clothing industries, which are exposed to intensive cost competition and trying to find a new position within the process of globalisation. A reduction of demand, a change in consumption patterns, the modification in the retailing system, the development of personal income and a global shift of production have triggered the decline of the domestic production of textiles and clothing. Emerging producers from eastern, developing and newly industrialising countries are now the main suppliers for the German textiles and clothing market. The German clothing companies defend a rest market and use intensively the outward processing in low‐wage countries. As a result of the tremendous differences in production costs, the demand for clothing textiles shifted globally towards low‐cost places of clothing production. The outward processing from industrialised countries established a very efficient, well‐organised global production network in low‐wage countries, enabling new potential for economic development. This research focuses on the view of producers in industrialised countries. The analysis shows that the future of textiles and clothing companies is not in producing but in the management of markets, organising a global supply chain of subcontractors and in retailing. The experiences within the global outward processing network shows very high innovation and learning rates in low‐wage countries, enabling a serious potential towards a self‐contained economic development. The economic and social liberalisation within the EU region and the out‐phasing of the WTO in 2005 will give new power to the globalisation process and will influence the structural change of industry. This paper is written as a rational position sensing of the German textile and clothing industries prior to the out phasing of the WTO regulations and the 2005 liberalisation of the EU textile and clothing sector.

Between the Global and the Local: A Comparison of the German and UK Clothing Industry

This study of the UK and German clothing industries analyses firms' competitive strategy and the competencies they have developed to implement it. It makes evident how competencies shape market position and how both then impact on the degree of network power firms can develop. The analysis sheds new light on the triangle of power relations between co-ordinating firms, suppliers and retailers and reveals the sources of power. It is demonstrated that, even in the study of global production networks, the domestic institutional embeddedness of firms still matters and that firms originating from different ‘varieties of capitalism’ behave in divergent ways. Lastly, it is shown that firms have relationships at multiple geographical levels, combining their insertion in global production networks with sometimes pronounced dependence on domestic retail customers.

Female expatriates in international business: empirical evidence from the German clothing industry

The article empirically analyses the situation of male and female expatriates in the German clothing industry in terms of selection, preparation, support during assignment, job satisfaction, goal attainment and future perspectives. In general, female expatriate managers face more difficulties than male expatriates at each stage of the international transfer cycle. The results of this single sector study demonstrate the importance of the cultural, national and sectoral context for the interpretation of results.

Institutions Matter: Union Solidarity in Hungary and East Germany

This study examines the extent of union solidarity in two post‐communist countries, Hungary and east Germany. It tests the hypothesis that post‐communist union members are sceptical and unsupportive of their new interest representation owing to a legacy of disappointing experiences with their former communist unions. A survey of the union members, the first of its kind, in the Hungarian and east German clothing industry revealed strong differences between members’ attitudes in both countries: east Germans were highly committed and supportive of their new union and works councils, whereas Hungarians lacked support for their institutions. The study points to the complexities of former and current attitudes and rejects the generic use of a communist legacy thesis. Instead, it links members’ attitudes to the different institutional context of interest representation in the two countries. It argues that the dual system of interest representation in Germany facilitates members’ trust in their new institutions, whereas the decentralized, overlapping institutions on Hungarian shop‐floors impede union solidarity.

Institutional Transfer and Effectiveness of Employee Representation: Comparing Works Councils in East and West Germany

This study investigates the functioning of the new works council institution in post-Communist east Germany. Two major characteristics, cooperative relations with management and an effective representation of workers' interests, are examined in a comparative analysis in the east and west German clothing and textile industry. A survey of the works councillors provided some initial indication that works councils do not significantly differ in the west and east and have in general cooperative attitudes towards management. Moreover, a survey of unionized workers in these firms revealed an overwhelming awareness of the necessity of the works councils and a conviction that their limited effectiveness is mainly caused by the current economic constraints rather than by internal deficiencies of the new institutions. Overall, the data suggest that the works council institution in the east is developing, in only a very short time period, in essentially similar ways to works council representation in west Germany.

The Economic Dimension of Social Change: Women in the East German Clothing Industry

The Economic Dimension of Social Change: Women in the East German Clothing Industry