Georgian Wines Research Articles

Tales of Georgian wine: storytelling in the Georgian wine industry

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurial processes are most often based on new physical or organizational innovations; however, prior research has shown that the opening of new markets for existing products can be a key innovative component in an entrepreneurial process. Most research on innovation focuses on new technologies, products and organizational forms. However, the key role played by different marketing tools in entrepreneurial processes is seldom highlighted. In this study, we highlight how story telling can become a vehicle in an entrepreneurial process to open new markets for existing products and how national history and culture are used in story telling. This article highlights how the Georgian wine industry uses story telling to open a new market for Georgian wines and identifies elements used to differentiate Georgian wines from the current market division into the ‘old’ and the ‘new world’, with a product that embodies an ancient heritage, opening a market for historical wines. The study is based on in-depth interviews and content analysis using both phenomenography and text analysis. Results unravel meaning in market communication and enabled the identification of stories and the archetypes used to create consumer recognition. Sources are in-depth interviews, field visits and homepages of wineries.

ILIA CHAVCHAVADZE ABOUT EXTERNAL TRADE AND MODERNITY

The works of Ilia Chavchavadze - a prominent Georgian public figure of the nineteenth century and one of the founders of the Georgian National Economic Doctrine - are still relevant. His name grows stronger and stronger over time. Even in modern Georgia, Ilia Chavchavadze›s name is the most often used to prove the validity of one›s own opinion.The article discusses Ilia Chavchavadze›s views on international trade and trade policy and draws parallels with modernity. He researched the essence, causes, directions, and consequences of international trade and trade policy, and in 1887 he devoted a collection of articles entitled «Customs policy in Europe, free-trading and protection». He explained why countries start trading, that international trade is very important and without it there can be no economic specialization - the international division of labor. In his research, Ilia Chavchavadze depthly discussed the directions of trade policy - liberal and protectionist. He discussed the arguments of the both directions proponents on the advantages of strengthening the country and the economy. Ilia Chavchavadze supported Liberal Trade Policy, because he believed that the main goal of any economic policy should be to maximize the well-being of society. Ilia Chavchavadze has raised another very important issue in this research. He pointed out at the end of the nineteenth century that economic policy is not always based on economic rationalism, economic science, and that economic policy makers might have completely different motivations. Ilia Chavchavadze believed that for the development of the country it was necessary to establish and deepen international - including trade and economic relations. According to Ilia, the start of the country›s international economic relations requires great care and attention, it is very important to choose reliable, trustworthy partners. In 2006, Georgia experienced the negative consequences of a relationship with an unreliable trading (and not just a trading) partner. Russia banned the import of Georgian wines on March 27, 2006, and also banned the import of Georgian mineral waters in May. The ban has had a very negative impact on Georgian exports, as well as on viticulture and winemaking. Finally, it can be said that Ilia Chavchavadze was well versed in the essence and directions of trade policy; He was well aware that it was very important for the country to choose a logical, rational economic policy for its economic strengthening; He discussed in detail the characteristics of both directions, protectionist and freetherical, the pros and cons, the consequences of their possible impact on the economy and public welfare. With well-founded reasoning and argumentation, he supported liberal trade policy based on the principle of the well-being of society.

Export of Georgian Qvevri Wine to the United States - Sharing Culture, History, and Traditions

Viticulture and winemaking not only strengthen country’s economy, but also endorse socio-cultural and political relationships, create its image as the country of ancient culture,supports development of wine science and implementation of advanced winemaking technologies, promotes successful market strategy and wine tourism. Georgian wines havebeen exported to the US for the last decade and have deserved considerable attention from American consumers. Georgia offered to the market Qvevri wine which is producedaccording to ancient Georgian traditions – wine maturing in ceramic vessels deeply dug in the earth. Georgian winemaking is now focused on production of ecologically pure wine,bio-wine which can be achieved by applying natural treatment and Georgian authentic winemaking methods.Keywords: Bio-wine, ecologically pure wine, Georgian culture and wine, Georgian wineexport, Georgian wines in the U.S., Qvevri wine

Index-based Analysis of Georgian Wine Export's Competitiveness on a Global Market

The main objective of the article is to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine exports. Initially, it is shown the current situation of Georgian wine export industry. In analysis part it is taken first 28 countries, where Georgia exports the wine and the period is defined from 2008-2018. In the methodological part, in order to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine it is used the Trade Intensity Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (Balassa Index) and the competitiveness Index of Wine Exports between Georgia and other countries. Based on the results and discussion it should be concluded that Georgia has revealed comparative advantage in the international wine market. In the international market it is difficult for Georgia to compete large-volume wine production EU countries: France, Italy and Germany. The revealed comparative advantage for USA and Canada is low on the international wine market. However, it is hard for Georgia to compete with the USA wines on the international market, while Georgian wines are more competitive than Canadian.

MANAGEMENT OF BIO TECHNOLOGIES FOR WINE TOURISM

Offering of new ecologically clean thermodynamic buildings (thermos) for the fresh start-up wine producers is highly relevant in the development of wine quality and wine tourism. Hereby we are presenting alternatives, traditional and modern technologies and building materials that can be applied in wine tourism – these are the houses made of renewable non-traditional materials (nails, clay). They are compared with materials that are used in the construction of tourist infrastructures today. We have studied ecologically clean, harmless, cheap, energy efficient, economically efficient products - taking into consideration their sustainability, comfort, physical data and energy efficiency. Eco-homes, which can be used in wine tourism, are also attractive due to the fact that the thermal physiological data of renewable materials used in eco-shops (reduction of energy losses) make daily costs cheaper. Construction of such ecosystems will help the creation of a road network for camps and mortar network in Georgia, where wine tasting would be possible. Also, by using the panels, it would be possible to arrange a simple type of portable tents and bungalows according to seasons. All this will improve servicing in wine tourism. In the regions rich in wine traditions and vine culture, such as Kakheti – it is important to focus on the healing properties of Georgian wines in the process of wine tourism development, wines which will be made in the ecologically safe environment that will help attracting more tourists, development of Georgian winemaking and viticulture and stimulation of internal tourism as well as creation of jobs in the region, popularization of healing tourism and touristic image of the country.

АНАЛІЗ ДОСВІДУ ГРУЗІЇ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ТА ВИДІЛЕННІ МІКРОЗОН ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ВИН КОНТРОЛЬОВАНИХ НАЙМЕНУВАНЬ ЗА ПОХОДЖЕННЯМ

The article contains the analysis of the modern state of the legislative framework of Georgia and its implementation concerning organization of controlled wine names of origin production in existing traditional appellations and methodological approaches for allocation and legislative recognition of new microzones for this category wines production. There is also a discussion of the possibility of use of Georgian experience in the process of formation of controlled wine names of origin wines domestic category. Special attention is paid to the organization of organoleptic estimation of Georgian wines that was one of the most important trends in the general process of the modern stage of sector reforming. The work of the Central state taste panel, just as the unit of analysis of physical and chemical parameters of wine quality and authenticity, is built upon the modern procedural framework according to the current ISO standards related to selection, training and attestation of tasters and working environment with compulsory observation of complete anonymity of samples without their discussion according to the two-stage five-mark grading system.

In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of Georgian, Central and West European wines

Georgia is a traditional country of viticulture and winemaking but only a few studies have been focused on wines originating from this area. In this study, we compared antioxidant effect, total sulfite content and concentration of 14 phenolic compounds of some native Georgian red and white wines with wines commonly produced in Central and Western Europe. Georgian red wines exhibited higher antioxidant capacity in DPPH, ORAC and total phenolic content assay. Further, Georgian red wines were richer in quercetin, kaempferol and syringic acid content, while the concentration of trans-resveratrol was lower than in Central and West European red wines. While differences among red wines from different origins and cultivars were observed, winemaking technology was the most important factor in the case of white wines. Kakhetian method increased antioxidant effect and levels of some phenolic compounds in comparison with white wines prepared by common European method. Our findings suggest that Georgian wines deserve further attention because of their high content of phenolics and high antioxidant capacity.

Edible Ethnicity How Georgian Cuisine Conquered the Soviet Table

The Multiethnic Union from a Culinary Perspective It is little surprise that one of Iosif Stalin's most famous speeches was given in the of a toast. On 24 May 1945, the leaders of the victorious Red Army were received in the Kremlin's expansive Georgievskii Hall and seated at heavily laden tables beneath sparkling chandeliers. (1) Thirty-one toasts were drunk that evening, but the last was the most memorable. Stalin stood up from his chair at the center of the main table and asked permission to say the final toast, drawing frenzied applause from the assembled officers. Raising his glass, he began predictably: the representative of our government, I would like to propose a toast to our people. Then, unexpectedly, he added, and, in the first place, the Russian people. The crowd began to wildly cheer hurrah! Stalin thanked the Russian people for their unfailing trust and drank to their health, amid applause that, according to the transcript of the event, was loud and prolonged. (2) The toast was reprinted the next day on the front page of the newspaper Pravda for all citizens to read. (3) Its assertion of Russian primacy has earned it a central place in historiography charting the rise of state-sponsored Russian nationalism. Although historians have combed the speech's content for meaning, they have generally neglected its form. (4) The of a toast allowed Stalin to combine confessional candor with the spirit of jubilation required for the occasion. (5) As a Georgian, Stalin was likely seen by the guests as a natural ramada (toastmaster), a Georgian term that had become an official part of the Russian vocabulary a few years earlier. (6) As the Georgian practice of having a ramada lead festivities became a institution, it was increasingly likely that the table was laden with Georgian cheese pies (khachapuri) and spicy Georgian soup (kharcha), accompanied by Georgian wines and the Georgian mineral water Borjomi. Although Stalin raised his glass to the Russian people, the fact that he gave his speech as a Georgian-style toast shows that culture continued to be constructed in no small part by the contributions of non-Russians. Accordingly, the history of food and drink offers a new lens through which to view the Union as a markedly multiethnic state. (7) The culinary perspective reveals the extent to which the state promoted a peculiar brand of domestic internationalism in the everyday lives of its citizens. Beginning in the 1930s, this effort entailed the creation of a Soviet kitsch consumer culture based on the domestic production of cheaper copies of foreign luxury goods, on the one hand, and the state's elevation of domestic traditions of the peoples to the realm of high culture, on the other. (8) planners not only began to produce their own Soviet champagne; they also sought to create a multiethnic cuisine that privileged the culinary practices of the non-Russian republics. Unlike curry houses in Britain, restaurants in the Union were tirelessly promoted by the state itself. (9) As in Mussolini's Italy, the state sought to reach into the home and transform the everyday habits of its citizens through food and drink. (10) Whereas the Fascists emphasized an austere diet to engender lean and healthy bodies, however, the new diet offered a taste of a bountiful future, served in a multiplicity of forms. In creating a cuisine that would be national in form and socialist in content, the state funded the large-scale domestic production of ingredients and vigorously endorsed recipes. The new diet included not only Russian cabbage soup but also Ukrainian borshch, Uzbek plov, melons from Central Asia, and oranges from the Caucasus. Vodka arguably remained Russia's beverage, but consumers also drank Georgian wine, Armenian cognac, and eventually liqueurs from Tallinn and Riga. …

Shavteli Winery: where to go from here?

Subject area International marketing, national competitiveness, strategic decision-making, wine. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and MBA. Case overview The nationally important Georgian wine industry by 2008 was in a deep recession due largely to the continuing 2006 Russian wine embargo, prior to which Russia had been the largest export market for Georgian wines. Second World War-era Georgian wineries such as Shavteli (disguised), in the historic Racha-Lechkumi wine-producing region, were disadvantaged due to aging facilities, lack of tourist infrastructure, and inadequate capital to make needed changes to compete in the global markets for emerging economy wines. All nearby wineries faced continuing operating deficits, high inventory levels, and could lose much of their aging wine inventory to oxidation if they could not quickly sell more wine or convert the wine to brandy. To avert becoming another defunct producer, Shavteli needed a strategy. Industry observers were divided about whether Shavteli and its sister Georgian wineries should continue operating independently, seek government support, or form a marketing association to create new export demand. Students need to prepare a strategic plan for Shavteli and the Georgian wine industry. Expected learning outcomes Students should develop well-supported recommendations for competitive strategies in an emerging economy. Students should use strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and country competitiveness analyses to ascertain vision and mission, segmentation, targeting, positioning, and alliance strategies for international markets. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.

Anthropogenic 14C Variations in Atmospheric CO2 and Wines

As an extension of the Bratislava – Tbilisi collaboration, thermonuclear bomb-produced 14C variations in atmospheric CO2 of Bratislava (1967–1987) and in annually produced Georgian wines (1950–1987) are discussed. 14C produced in bomb tests performed in the atmosphere has considerably modified the natural 14C levels in the atmosphere and biosphere. Measurements of 14C in monthly samples of atmospheric CO2 show typical seasonal variations with maxima in summers and deep minima in winters. There is very good agreement between 14C measured in CO2 and in wine samples. Four maxima (1959, 1964, 1970 and 1978) were identified in the wine data. Our results confirm that wines prepared from annually grown grapes without any addition of other substances are good indicators of the 14C content of atmospheric CO2.

Possible Frequency Modulation Effects Singled Out by the Fourier Vector Amplitude in a δ14C Yearly Series of Georgian Wines

The Δ 14C series of yearly sampled cosmogenic 14C in wines (1909–1952) was analyzed with the Fourier Vector Amplitude (FVA) method, using cyclograms as a graphic tool, to find information on periodicities imprinted by the sun. Because the high sensitivity of the FVA algorithm in detecting periodicities and their variations is emphasized by immediate visualization of its cyclograms, a suggestion has been found for a modulation event. Data are compared with a frequency modulation model, the extension of which to the long 9000–a Δ 14C series suggests a first approach to interpret the Suess wiggles.

Tbilisi Radiocarbon Dates IV

Results presented below were obtained by the Radiocarbon Laboratory of Tbilisi State University from 1976 to 1983. Throughout that period dates were determined not only for archaeologic samples but also for samples of mineral waters, soil humus, and geologic origin. Georgian wines of 1909–1975 were also analyzed but the results obtained are not discussed in this paper as they were published elsewhere (Burchuladze et al, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982).