Geopolitical Aspects Research Articles

교사 전문성 함양을 위한 학습공동체 운영 방향에 관한 질적 연구 : 수산·해운 계열 고등학교를 중심으로

This study intends to suggest the direction of operation of the Fisheries and Maritime Teacher Learning Community(FMTLC) through the teachers" experiences. In order to overcome the geopolitical aspect, FMTLC is required to operate a blended teacher community that crosses online and offline, such as exchanging information with distant teachers on a daily basis through online community activities, and planning teacher Sports Day and Conference offline. In addition, by meeting with experienced senior teachers through FMTLC activities, teachers become more professional and motivated, which in turn will help them become more capable of interacting and teaching students. Ultimately, FMTLC will increase the friendship between teachers and establish a desirable identity as a teacher who practices quality education.

Subjectivity and Ethos in Simultaneous Conference Interpreting – Interpreting Women’s Risks for the International Community at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women

ABSTRACT War, violence, sexual and sexist abuse are just some of the risks that women face daily worldwide. In this frame, the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) rises as a large international forum for discussing women’s risks and advancing policies for the promotion of gender equality. Here interpreting plays a key role. Therefore, it is paramount to examine the discursive, institutional and geopolitical aspects involved in interpreting women’s risks for the international community. This paper proposes an indepth study of interpreted discourse from the perspective of the construction of subjectivity and its related ethos, on matters concerning risk-exposed women. The study aims to identify what risks are communicated and how by analysing the discursive and enunciative practices that materialise subjectivity in English<>Spanish interpreting. The paper uses quantitative and qualitative methodologies to study a corpus of simultaneously interpreted speeches delivered at the opening statements and general debate of the CSW between 2015 (59th session) and 2016 (60th session). The results underscore that, when communicating risks, interpretation relies on enunciative operations that are linked to an institutionalised ethos likely to impact on risk reception.

A Landscape of Open Science Policies Research

This literature review aims to examine the approach given to open science policy in the different studies. The main findings are that the approach given to open science has different aspects: policy framing and its geopolitical aspects are described as an asymmetries replication and epistemic governance tool. The main geopolitical aspects of open science policies described in the literature are the relations between international, regional, and national policies. There are also different components of open science covered in the literature: open data seems much discussed in the works in the English language, while open access is the main component discussed in the Portuguese and Spanish speaking papers. Finally, the relationship between open science policies and the science policy is framed by highlighting the innovation and transparency that open science can bring into it.

The Eagle Returned: Geopolitical Aspects of the New Lunar Race

ABSTRACT After 50 years, the Moon is becoming a center of attention in the geopolitical competition among space powers. The planned lunar settlements to take place starting in 2025, or soon thereafter, will hold geopolitical considerations and impacts. This paper highlights and summarizes factors that will affect the process of lunar settlement in the context of the importance of lunar poles. The poles include the location of key resources – permanent sunlight for power generation and water – for the state actors involved in the settlement projects. Access to these resources will influence relations among the actors. The paper points to the need to participate in the lunar settlement process for state actors not to be left behind or in a disadvantaged position for access to key resources. Further discussed is the geopolitical context concerning settlement of the geographically advantageous polar regions, primarily the south lunar pole. If this is undertaken by adversarial states, a space power, dependent on the outcome of that competition, would be limited in its own efforts to develop an independent settlement.

Turkey at the crossroads: a study of geopolitics and tourism re-alignment

ABSTRACT This article examines the development of tourism in Turkey. It focuses mainly on the relationship between the country’s shifting geopolitical alignment and the recent changes in the countries of origin of its international tourist clientele. The study outlines geopolitical aspects of tourism, highlighting how it can be part of government strategies to reflect shifting geopolitical alliances and relationships. In the case of Turkey, there has been something of a move away from Europe and NATO towards enhanced relations with Russia and China. The article draws on an analysis of official statistics, interviews with key stakeholders in the Turkish tourism sector and direct field observations at tourist sites.

The place of South Asia in the world economy: human-geographical, geo-economic and geopolitical aspects

The article deals with the positioning of South Asia in the world economy in the XXI century as its place in the flows of goods and services, finances, humans and technologies. The information base of the research is newest available statistical data of the UN institutions and the World Bank. Intraregional diversity as disparities between countries is shown. The entrenchment in the world economy is proved by GDP growth, dynamics of foreign trade and foreign direct investments. The main human-geographical features of the region are substantiated: asymmetricity with India as extremum, contrasts, and rather low transnationalization. Demographical and social, economic contrasts and geopolitical tensions of South Asia, that has deep historical and cultural roots, are distinguished. The structure of South Asia's foreign trade is characterized by groups of goods and technological classification. The typical feature for the developing countries regions is the predominance in exports of low technologies and resources-based manufactures. The unique for South Asia is the high share of primary products in imports, that reflects food and raw material dependence. Based on the technological classification The last one applied for regarding the differentiation by countries in its ties with geographical factors. Geo-economic aspects are determined by the position among other macro-regions of the world, the degree of ties with geo-economic leaders, geographical features of international trade and investment flows. Economic integration is considered in the context of the functioning of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, which includes all countries of the region. The potential growth of the role of interstate economic association for intensification of intra-regional ties is noted, which will also strengthen the position of South Asia in the world economy as a consequence. Conflicts between countries, political and ideological differences often do not contribute to the consolidation of efforts of the countries in the region. Staying in the sphere of influence of different global geopolitical players, as well as the interpretation of India as one of such actors, in particular its opposition to China, bring difficulties in strengthening the place of the region and, in particular, India, in the world economy.

To the Issue of the Establishment and Activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society: Some Cultural, Organizational and Geopolitical Aspects

To the Issue of the Establishment and Activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society: Some Cultural, Organizational and Geopolitical Aspects

Phosphate acquisition and metabolism in plants

Plants need at least 13 different nutrients to maintain optimal growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus, from the Greek 'phôs' (meaning 'light') and 'phoros' (meaning 'bearer'), are the main nutrients limiting plant growth in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Agriculture has relied heavily since the mid 1950s on the use of synthetic ammonium- and phosphorus-based fertilizers to increase crop productivity. While industrial synthesis of ammonium relies on the chemical conversion of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphorus is mined from finite reserves concentrated in a few countries. Considering our current dependence on phosphorus fertilizers for food production and the geopolitical aspects associated with current resources, it will be important to develop technologies enabling the maintenance of high crop yield with reduced fertilizer input. This will require an in-depth knowledge on the various pathways that enable plants to acquire phosphorus from the soil and maximize its economical use for growth and reproduction. In this primer, we give an overview of the factors limiting phosphorus acquisition by plants and highlight various pathways and strategies plants have evolved at the level of development, metabolism and signal transduction to adapt to phosphorus deficiency.

THE DYNAMICS OF TURKISHROMANIAN RELATIONS IN THE WIDER BLACK SEA REGION. A NEOLIBERAL PERSPECTIVE

The Wider Black Sea Region is a complex geopolitical construct. On the one hand, the area has a huge potential in terms of raw material extraction, while facilitating the trade between states. On the other hand, within this geographical area there are several frozen conflicts caused by state and non-state actors. In this context, regional geopolitical developments are issues of interest for both Romania and the Republic of Turkey, countries that have numerous common energy, trade and security goals. For this reason, the study starts from the premise that the Romanian-Turkish relations in the Wider Black Sea Region can be viewed from the perspective of the neoliberal theory of international relations. In order to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the subject, a brief history of the political dynamics between the two states, as well as a presentation of the geopolitical aspects of the area were included in the article.

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT FLOWS OF CHINA IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

The article analyzes the investment resources of the PRC in the Kyrgyz Republic. The analysis of investment flows from the PRC in the context of the implementation of economic reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic is closely linked to attracting foreign investment, which is especially important in the context of an acute financial deficit in the country's economy, modernization of the country's production and increased competition between enterprises. Foreign investment provides an increase in domestic investment activity. The article deals with the emerging economic relations between Kyrgyzstan and China, which require careful and comprehensive analysis, including an explanation of the characteristics of China's investment funds, the study of geopolitical aspects, as well as a quantitative assessment of the connection between the countries.

War of the Words. The Online Conversation about NATO in Romania: Communicators, Content, Communities

The Covid-19 infodemic has brought forth an intensification of disinformation and conspiracy narratives, especially in the online environment. Beside the public health implications, the geopolitical aspect is also relevant, since Romania, a member of the EU and NATO, has constantly been under pressure from a multitude of propaganda attempts meant to undermine people’s trust in the West. The main goal of this paper is to explore the type of online information that the Romanian public is exposed to regarding NATO, an institutional actor representative for the Western model, specifically to assess the main communicators, content, and patterns of information dissemination. A dataset of Facebook mentions was created and filtered (n=9705) and visual network analysis was employed to build a NATO issue network. The main clusters of this network were analyzed to reveal that the two largest communities are structured according to a political cleavage, while an anti-Western media actor, Sputnik, controls a separate cluster, but its content infiltrates several others. Qualitative content analysis on a relevance sample of the most frequently distributed content was employed to evaluate both attitudes toward NATO (negative stances were identified in several analyzed documents) and the occurrence of conspiracy narratives (also a significant presence).

GMR: grounded at the Maldives international airport

Learning outcomes The learning outcome of this paper is to understand the geopolitical aspects of international business. Assessing the political risk inherent in international investment projects. Maintaining a favorable corporate image in the host country despite apparent hostilities. Analyzing the risks associated with doing business in an emerging market. Case overview/synopsis In February 2019, local newspapers in the Maldives published unconfirmed reports that the Indian company GMR was reinvesting in the Maldives. GMR had secured a contract in 2010 for renovation/expansion of The Maldives International Airport. However, the contract created political turmoil, with opposition parties objecting to some clauses. People considered GMR closer to the incumbent President, Mohammed Nasheed. The unstable political scenario forced President Nasheed to resign amidst allegations of corruption. The new President showed hostility toward India and GMR while making overtures to China. He canceled the airport contract and awarded it to a Chinese company. GMR went to the international Tribunal in Singapore. The tribunal upheld the Maldivian government’s right to terminate the agreement but awarded GMR a compensation of US$270m. In 2019, a new government came to power in the Maldives, with Mohammed Nasheed enjoying a commanding position. The government pledged to accept the judgment of the Singapore International Tribunal. The local media discussed the possibility of the return of GMR to the Maldives after seeing some senior GMR officials in the Maldives. However, it was not clear whether it would be a good idea for GMR. Complexity academic level Master's level program. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CCS 11: Strategy.

Actions of countries actively participating in the global crude oil market in terms of the geopolitical changes in 2020

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this article is to present the activities of countries actively participating in the global crude oil market, which have a key impact on economic processes on a global scale. The actions of OPEC countries use crude oil as an instrument in the international economic policy to influence changes both in the global economy and the geopolitical dimension. It is important to identify and discuss the events that provided a benchmark for OPEC+ countries to take actions on the global oil market in 2020 to try to change the share of the global oil market in an geopolitical aspect. DESIGN/METHOD: The research methods used in this article are the critical literature analysis and numerical data analysis. In this study, the author presents the statement that resource-rich countries increasingly treat crude oil as a tool in the economic policy to influence changes in economic processes on a global scale in order to increase their competitive position, as well as to deliberately create the negative phenomena in a form of price wars that only serve to achieve the set goals in the economic policy of these countries. RESULTS/FINDINGS: The obtained research results-reveal that conscious creation of price wars, the occurrence of oil crises on the global oil market, or the possession of significant deposits of the raw material in question, are treated by the governments of countries worldwide as a tool in itself in order to conduct the economic policy of countries, taking into account the overarching aspect of the broad impact on the manner of conducting the international economic policy of countries on the global oil market. The world the oil market experienced several significant events that caused strong changes from the point of view of the development of the world economy. Decisions held within the framework of the OPEC (and OPEC+) organisation have a narrower impact on the global oil market, however, within a wider global economy they affect the global economic processes. In conjunction with the Covid-19 pandemic, the policy of OPEC+ organisation is affecting the geopolitical changes and the foreign economic policy of every country in the world. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The contribution to the development of the discipline is the presentation of the events and activities of countries actively participating in the global oil market in 2020, as an attempt to gain a competitive advantage and changes in the geopolitical aspect. KEYWORDS: oil crisis, OPEC, OPEC+, foreign economic policy, demand shock, supply shock. JEL: F13, F42, F6

Actions of countries actively participating in the global crude oil market in terms of the geopolitical changes in 2020

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this article is to present the activities of countries actively participating in the global crude oil market, which have a key impact on economic processes on a global scale. The actions of OPEC countries use crude oil as an instrument in the international economic policy to influence changes both in the global economy and the geopolitical dimension. It is important to identify and discuss the events that provided a benchmark for OPEC+ countries to take actions on the global oil market in 2020 to try to change the share of the global oil market in an geopolitical aspect. DESIGN/METHOD: The research methods used in this article are the critical literature analysis and numerical data analysis. In this study, the author presents the statement that resource-rich countries increasingly treat crude oil as a tool in the economic policy to influence changes in economic processes on a global scale in order to increase their competitive position, as well as to deliberately create the negative phenomena in a form of price wars that only serve to achieve the set goals in the economic policy of these countries. RESULTS/FINDINGS: The obtained research results-reveal that conscious creation of price wars, the occurrence of oil crises on the global oil market, or the possession of significant deposits of the raw material in question, are treated by the governments of countries worldwide as a tool in itself in order to conduct the economic policy of countries, taking into account the overarching aspect of the broad impact on the manner of conducting the international economic policy of countries on the global oil market. The world the oil market experienced several significant events that caused strong changes from the point of view of the development of the world economy. Decisions held within the framework of the OPEC (and OPEC+) organisation have a narrower impact on the global oil market, however, within a wider global economy they affect the global economic processes. In conjunction with the Covid-19 pandemic, the policy of OPEC+ organisation is affecting the geopolitical changes and the foreign economic policy of every country in the world. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The contribution to the development of the discipline is the presentation of the events and activities of countries actively participating in the global oil market in 2020, as an attempt to gain a competitive advantage and changes in the geopolitical aspect. KEYWORDS: oil crisis, OPEC, OPEC+, foreign economic policy, demand shock, supply shock. JEL: F13, F42, F6

Geopolitical aspect in the scientific works and practical activities of V.K. Arseniev

Geopolitical aspect in the scientific works and practical activities of V.K. Arseniev

Strategic cooperation of Iran at the regional level: enduring the US sanctions and reviving the oil and gas industry

Iran intends to alleviate the damage caused by the hostile relationship with the USA. As one way of the efforts, this research focuses on Iran's oil and gas cooperation with neighbouring countries, specifically those in the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The analysis draws three conclusions depending on the theoretical framework of energy geopolitics. First, the efforts of Iran to overcome the situation have not been successful, combined with low oil prices by 2020. Second, Iran emphasises transportation as well as trade in its oil and gas cooperation with neighbouring countries. Finally, regional cooperation will bring substantial benefits to Iran in both economic and geopolitical aspects, working as a platform for increasing its undervalued influence at the global level.

The EU normative power in development policy

The article examines the peculiarities of EU normative power application in its development policy towards the countries of the Global South. Despite the controversial results of seventy years of efforts by the European Economic Community and then the European Union to promote development, the international situation and the difficulties inside the EU are making the EU intensify its development policy and look for more effective tools. The author tries to identify the reasons for the transformation of approaches in the EU development policy by taking into account the influence of both external and internal factors affecting the EU’s ability to exercise its normative power. It is concluded that, firstly, the internal factors including the EU enlargements, solidarity crisis and Brexit are currently changing the EU’s ability to serve as a normative power in its development policy. Secondly, the EU has not found any alternatives to development policy in solving both global and its own difficulties in normative and geopolitical aspects. Thirdly, the EU is still looking for more effective tools to both facilitate development and exercise its normative power. The practical significance of the research is to create a basis for elaborating and upgrading Russian development policy approaches since it is very limited, but it could be beneficial for Russia in the world arena.

Geopolitical aspect of reforming the polish senate

The Senate is the upper house of the Polish parliament, which has relatively small powers in comparison with the lower house - the Sejm. In the world, only a few countries are electing the second chamber in direct elections, which is the case in Poland with the use of the majoritarian voting system. In the public debate, there is a discussion about changing the manner in which the Senate is elected and the scope of its competencies. The Senate has a long tradition in Poland. In the current formula, with the use of 100 single-member constituencies, it has been operating since 2011. Among the possible directions of changes, it is possible to indicate a switch in the electoral law from a majoritarian system to a proportional system or complete abolition of elections to the Senate. Instead, the composition of the chamber could be appointed by local government bodies, in particular the provincial government, or by appointment by the president or the Sejm. The chamber could include "senators for life" - people of merit for the country and former presidents and possibly prime ministers.

Transport Corridors: Geopolitical Aspects

Transport Corridors: Geopolitical Aspects

Assessing dependence and governance as value chain risks: Natural Gas versus Concentrated Solar power plants in Mexico

Despite geopolitics play a pivotal role in the energy sector, geopolitical aspects are often not considered in the quantitative assessment models aimed at supporting the energy investment decision-making process. To address this issue, this work proposes an Extended Multi-regional Input-Output model (EMRIO) that incorporates import dependence and governance along the value chain. As case study, two alternative energy investments in Mexico – a Natural Gas Power plant (NG) and a Concentrated Solar Power plant (CSP) – are assessed. The method quantifies the geographical diversification of suppliers and the quality of governance. The assessment of the case study shows that the supply chain of the CSP plant includes more countries and with better governance levels than the supply chain of the NG power plant. That means, a priori, that the supply risks of investing in CSP power plants will be lower, as will suppliers' endogenous geopolitical risk. However, a sensitivity analysis considering different providers of the solar plant components reveals that CSP plant value chain could also entail similar or even higher governance risks levels as the NG plant. The scenario where China provides some of the components entails a much higher governance risks, even higher than the NG base case. In consequence, we have proved that the method proposed allows the identification of hidden geopolitical risks that would otherwise go unnoticed. This paper enlarges the existing knowledge on assessment methodologies for energy policy decision-support by measuring diversification and imports dependence from countries with different levels of governance along the whole value chain.