Geometry Parameters Research Articles

Evolution of Cold-Sprayed Copper Deposit Mechanical Properties as Function of Substrate Geometry and Heat Treatment Parameters

Evolution of Cold-Sprayed Copper Deposit Mechanical Properties as Function of Substrate Geometry and Heat Treatment Parameters

Impact of tool geometry and friction stir welding parameters on AZ31 magnesium alloy weldment wear behaviour and process optimization

This study investigates the impact of friction-stir welding (FSW) tool pin shape (TPS) and processing variables, viz., rotation speed (RS), axial load (AL), and traverse speed (TS), on weld beads’ wear characteristics as per ASTM G99 standard. Wear rate (WR), friction force (FF), and coefficient of friction (CoF) are analyzed based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). FSW performed with a hexagonal TPS provides a better material flow between the plates, influencing the joint’s strength and improving the wear resistance of weldments. Higher RS leads to high material flashing, providing lower strength and wear properties. Changes in TPS from triangle to pentagon and from pentagon to hexagon produced higher tensile strength, at 11.16% and 12.15%, respectively. The Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA) shows an optimal condition of hexagon TPS, AL of 2 kN, RS of 1800 rpm, and TS of 25 mm/min, whereas TOPSIS optimal condition are hexagon TPS, AL of 4 kN, RS of 1400 rpm, and TS of 50 mm/min. Confirmation experiments with optimal conditions shows, ChOA producing lower WR, CoF, and FF by 12.5, 2.56, and 1.54% than TOPSIS. Compared with TOPSIS, ChOA produced lower WR, CoF, and FF by 12.5%, 2.56%, and 1.54%.

Engineering and Clinical Study of Surface Geometry of Clear Aligners at the Nanoscale

This paper investigates the evolution of the outer surface geometry of Invisalign®—clear orthodontic aligners—caused by degradation triggered by wearing. The obtained results served to confirm whether or not the aligners could continue to be used once their wear time in the therapeutic procedure had ended, taking both their geometric and mechanical features into account. The measurements were performed using atomic force microscopy which allowed the mapping of nanomechanical properties. The obtained images were then processed to determine statistical and functional surface geometry parameters in accordance with relevant ISO standards. The results revealed that the unrepeatability of the manufacturing process causes the surface shape parameters of new aligners to be irregular; however, these features become gradually consistent for worn samples. On the other hand, properly used aligners may change in two ways: the outer layer flattens and its thickness decreases, and at the same time the Young’s modulus of the material decreases. It follows that the degradation processes may be caused by tribological phenomena (abrasion of contact surfaces) and/or biochemical phenomena (biofilm growth, decomposition of the material under the influence of enzymes in the oral cavity).

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic Functions of Patients with Exaggerated High Blood Pressure Response to Treadmill Exercise Test with Two-Dimensional Longitudinal Strain Imaging.

An exaggerated hypertensive response (EHR) during exercise is linked to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. This study aims to assess structural and functional cardiac changes, along with subclinical myocardial damage, using transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) and 2D longitudinal strain analysis in patients showing a hypertensive response to treadmill exercise. Patients without known chronic diseases, presenting to the Cardiology Department at Health Sciences University Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, were divided into 2 groups based on their blood pressure response during treadmill exercise: exaggerated hypertensive response (EHR, n = 42) and normal response (control, n = 44). Left ventricular longitudinal strain was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was calculated as the average from all segments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding baseline demographic and laboratory parameters (P > .05 for all). However, the EHR group exhibited significantly higher interventricular septum thickness, mitral A velocity, and mitral annulus velocity (a'), while mitral annulus velocity (e') was significantly lower (P < .05 for all). Additionally, left ventricular (LV) mass index, left atrial volume index, mitral E/e' ratio, deceleration time, and relative wall thickness (RWT) were higher in the EHR group, while the mitral E/A ratio was lower (P < .05 for all). The GLS was also significantly lower in the EHR group (P < .05). Left ventricular geometry parameters, such as LV mass index and RWT, and GLS findings indicating subclinical cardiac damage, were significantly altered in the EHR group, suggesting a higher risk of LV hypertrophy and myocardial dysfunction.

Comprehensive Geometric Parameterization and Computationally Efficient 3D Shape Matching Optimization of Realistic Stents

Abstract Flexible and compact shape representation schemes are essential for design optimization problems. Current shape representation schemes for coronary stent designs concern predominantly idealized or independent ring (IR) designs, which are outdated and only consider a small number of core design variables (such as strut width, height, and thickness) and ignore clinically critical design characteristics such as the number of connectors. No reports exist on the geometry parameterization of the latest helical stents (HS) that have more complex geometric designs than IR stents. Here, we present two new shape parameterization schemes to fully capture the 3D designs of contemporary IR and double-helix HS stents. We developed a 3D stent geometry builder based on 17 (IR) and 18 (HS) design variables, including strut width, thickness, height, number of connectors and rings, stent length, and strut centerline shape. The shape of the strut centerline was derived via a combination of NURBS, PARSEC, quarter circle, and straight line segments. Shape matching for complex 3D geometries, such as the contemporary stents within limited function evaluations, is not trivial and requires efficient parameterization and optimization algorithms. We used shape matching optimization with a limited function evaluation budget to test the proposed parameterization and two surrogate-assisted optimization algorithms relying on predictor believer and an expected improvement maximization formulation. The performance of these algorithms is objectively compared with a gradient-based optimization method to highlight their strengths. Our work paves the way for more realistic, full-fledged stent design optimization with structural and hemodynamic objectives in the future.

Spectroscopic analysis of alpha particles from radioactive nuclides with CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors.

A spectroscopy method of alpha particles with the track geometry parameters in CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors is proposed. The relationship between the track registration sensitivity and incident angle of each etch pit is analyzed. The components of alpha particles emitted from radon, thoron and 241Am can be roughly separated when the etching level is not exceeded beyond the range in CR-39. This work aims at improving the dose assessment accuracy from exposure to indoor radon and thoron.

Removal of carbon dioxide with adsorption-desorption cycling of an activated carbon bed: Effects of bed geometry and cycle parameters

Controlling the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the atmosphere of chambers/rooms is a necessity for various applications. The adsorption-desorption using solid adsorbent is often considered the best technique to actively control CO₂ concentration in closed space. Activated carbon is extensively used in CO₂ adsorption due to its economic cost, high adsorption capacity and easy availability. This study presents an experimentally validated numerical approach to demonstrate the removal of CO₂ using activated carbon through cyclic adsorption and desorption processes. The numerical model simulates the heat and mass transfer phenomena in the porous media to determine the maximum CO₂ removal rate from solid activated carbon with varying operating parameters. The effective cycle time for maximum CO₂ removal is determined based on CO₂ removal per hour through a scrubber in daily application. The CO₂ removal rate can be maximized in a cyclic adsorption-desorption process by operating in a partial capacity mode (based on the adsorption kinetics and uptake curve), instead of trying to utilize the nearly full adsorption-desorption capacity of the bed in each cycle. Increasing the thickness of activated carbon leads to greater CO₂ removal per cycle with increasing pressure drop, while it also prolongs the adsorption and desorption cycle time.

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has no impact on postpartum transient longitudinal changes in hip geometry in adolescent mothers: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

We have previously demonstrated that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during adolescent pregnancy reduces the magnitude of transient postpartum bone mass loss. In the present post hoc analysis, we further investigated the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in hip geometry throughout one year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with low daily calcium intake (∼600 mg/d). Pregnant adolescents (14-19 years) were randomly assigned to receive calcium (600 mg/d) plus vitamin D3 (200 μg/d) or a placebo from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images were obtained at 5 (n 30 and 26 for calcium plus vitamin D and placebo, respectively), 20 (n 26 and 21) and 56 (n 18 and 12) weeks postpartum, and hip geometry parameters were analysed by Advanced Hip Assessment software. The effects of the intervention, time point and their interaction were assessed using repeated-measures mixed-effects models. No significant intervention effects or intervention × time interactions were observed on hip geometry parameters (P > 0·05). Time effects were observed in cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus parameters with decreases from the 5th to the 20th week postpartum followed by recovery from the 20th to the 56th week (P < 0·05). Our findings indicate that the postpartum period is associated with transient changes in the hip geometry of lactating adolescent mothers, regardless of the low calcium intake and the supplementation offered during pregnancy, suggesting that a physiological adaptation of these adolescents to low calcium intake is at play.

Role of mechanical stress localizations on the radiation hardness of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Abstract Multi-material, multi-layered systems such as AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) contain residual mechanical stresses that arise from sharp contrasts in device geometry and materials parameters. These stresses, which can be either tensile or compressive, are difficult to detect and eliminate because of their highly localized nature. We propose that their high-stored internal energy makes potential sites for defect nucleation sites under radiation, particularly if their locations coincide with the electrically sensitive regions of a transistor. In this study, we validate this hypothesis with molecular dynamic simulation and experiments exposing both pristine and annealed HEMTS to 2.8 MeV Au+3 irradiation. Our unique annealing process uses mechanical momentum of electrons, also known as the electron wind force (EWF) to mitigate the residual stress at room temperature. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence spectra reveal the reduction of point defects and dislocations near the two-dimensional electron gas region of EWF-treated devices compared to pristine devices. The EWF-treated HEMTs showed relatively higher resilience with approximately 10% less degradation of drain saturation current and ON-resistance and 5% less degradation of peak transconductance. Both mobility and carrier concentration of the EWF-treated devices were less impacted compared to the pristine devices. Our results suggest that the lower density of nanoscale stress localization contributed to the improved radiation tolerance of the EWF-treated devices. Intriguingly, the EWF is found to modulate the defect distribution by moving the defects to electrically less sensitive regions in the form of dislocation networks, which act as sinks for the radiation induced defects and this assisted faster dynamic annealing.

The geometry, purity, and grain orientation database of the Cu stabilizer layer and the effect on the electrical and thermal properties of commercial REBCO tapes

Abstract Building upon our previous database of the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of commercial REBCO tape, we have constructed a subsequent database focusing on the Cu layer of such tapes from eight distinct manufacturers. This database encompasses information pertaining to the geometry, purity, and grain orientation of the Cu layer. The primary objective of this database is to not only elucidate the material science of the Cu layer across various commercial tapes but also to establish correlations between the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties and the aforementioned geometry, purity, and grain orientation parameters. After analysis, three significant findings have been validated. Firstly, the non-uniformity of geometry plays a critical role in the electrical resistivity in the radial direction, primarily through altering the actual contact surface area. Secondly, it has been observed that the total grain boundary length per micrometer thickness exhibits a nearly linear correlation with the thermal conductivity in the circumferential direction. Thirdly, the purity of the Cu layer in all the commercial REBCO tapes is lower than anticipated. It is our aspiration that this database will facilitate enhanced comprehension of the Cu layer in REBCO tapes among a broader spectrum of researchers.

Modular parametric PGD enabling online solution of partial differential equations

In the present work, a new methodology is proposed for building surrogate parametric models of engineering systems based on modular assembly of pre-solved modules. Each module is a generic parametric solution considering parametric geometry, material and boundary conditions. By assembling these modules and satisfying continuity constraints at the interfaces, a parametric surrogate model of the full problem can be obtained. In the present paper, the PGD technique in connection with NURBS geometry representation is used to create a parametric model for each module. In this technique, the NURBS objects allow to map the governing boundary value problem from a parametric non-regular domain into a regular reference domain and the PGD is used to create a reduced model in the reference domain. In the assembly stage, an optimization problem is solved to satisfy the continuity constraints at the interfaces. The proposed procedure is based on the offline–online paradigm: the offline stage consists of creating multiple pre-solved modules which can be afterwards assembled in almost real-time during the online stage, enabling quick evaluations of the full system response. To show the potential of the proposed approach some numerical examples in heat conduction and structural plates under bending are presented.

Associations of Retinal Vessel Geometry and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics With Choroidal Metrics in Diabetic Retinopathy.

To elucidate the mechanism underlying changes in choroidal metrics (choroidal thickness [CT], choroidal vascularity index [CVI], and choriocapillaris [CC] flow deficit [FD]) observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and examine the association of choroidal metrics with both retinal vessel geometry and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics. Overall, 133 eyes of 133 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Retinal vessel geometry parameters were assessed using semiautomated software. The OCTA metrics and CT were calculated using automated algorithms provided by the manufacturer, whereas the CVI and CC-FD were calculated using ImageJ software from the binarized choroid B-scan image and the CC slab provided by the manufacturer, respectively. To assess the associations among choroidal metrics, retinal vessel geometry, and OCTA metrics, multivariable regression analyses were performed while controlling for clinical features and DR severity. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, CT (β = -399.84; P = 0.014) and CVI (β = -2.34; P = 0.021) showed significant associations with the arteriole-venule ratio, which is a ratio of central retinal arteriolar equivalent caliber with respect to central retinal venular equivalent caliber. The CC-FD showed a significant association with the fractal dimension of retinal arteriolar network (β = -2.90; P = 0.040). In contrast, the OCTA metrics showed no significant association with the choroidal metrics. The CT, CVI, and CC-FD in patients with DR were associated with retinal arteriolar geometry parameters rather than OCTA metrics, which indicates an association between choroidal changes and hemodynamic alterations in retinal arterioles and venules.

Study on resistance performance of hexagonal hull form with variation of angle of attack, deadrise, and stern for flat-sided catamaran vessel

Abstract The flat-sided hull vessel was designed with the purpose of simplifying hull production by eliminating the requirement for fairing, bending, and assembly of curved panel lines. Nevertheless, implementing the flat hull concept may marginally increase the hull resistance. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of the hexagonal hull concept on resistance characteristics when altering the deadrise angle, angle of attack, and stern angle. Additionally, the resistance performances of the proposed hexagonal hulls were compared to evaluate the influence of the hull design geometry parameter. The contribution of this work is to identify the configuration of the design parameters to achieve an ideal level of resistance in a hexagonal catamaran hull design. The findings indicate that a greater angle of attack could potentially enhance wave generation and increase the resistance. Despite the increase in the wave resistance coefficient caused by the increment in deadrise angle, the overall resistance was reduced due to the significant reduction in wetted surface area resulting from the greater deadrise angle. As a result, the decrease in friction resistance was more pronounced than the increase in wave resistance. At last, the stern angle can cause a substantial oscillation in the curved line, resulting in a large increase in wave generation and overall resistance, particularly at high speeds.

Prediction of bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand over stone columns in soft clay

It is a challenge to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity (qrs) of a geogrid-reinforced sandy bed on vertical stone columns in soft clay due to their complex geometry and uncertain parameters. Predicting qrs can be costly and challenging, so creating an accurate prediction model is important for real-world applications. The research aims to use ensemble techniques like K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to develop a model for estimating the bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced stone columns (GRBS) on a sandy bed with vertical stone columns in soft clay. A dataset of 245 experimental observations is used to train the models. The present study highlights the potential use of the XGBoost model as a useful tool that can assist in predicting the bearing capacity. The results of the study reveal that this model has performed well in predicting the bearing capacity with high correlation coefficients of 0.9947. Furthermore; a SHAP dependency analysis was conducted to ascertain the significance of each parameter.

Characterization of Crack Geometry Parameters Based on Three-dimensional Transient Magnetic Field of Rectangular Pulsed Eddy Current

Eddy current testing plays an important role in assessing the surface quality of metal structures. Based on pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing, a new magnetic field characterization technique for surface cracks is proposed in this paper. The three-dimensional transient magnetic field is studied, revealing its distribution characteristics and transient response in the presence of cracks. The results show that the transient magnetic field contains valuable information. Specifically, the distributions of the magnetic field components Bx and Bz at the initial time are effective in evaluating crack length and depth. The time response of Bx provides characteristic information about defect length, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate detection location. Additionally, the peak position and response amplitude of Bz can characterize crack depth. The effects of the pulse rising time and coil liftoff on the transient magnetic field are also studied. The study shows that the pulse rising time should be as short as possible, and the characteristics of rectangular PEC help mitigate the effects of liftoff. The rich features extracted from the transient magnetic field provide a new means to evaluate crack geometry, improving testing capabilities and detection accuracy.

Junction conditions for one-dimensional network hemodynamic model for total cavopulmonary connection using physically informed deep learning technique

Abstract This paper presents a novel methodology utilizing physics-informed neural network (PINN) as a junction condition for a 1D network model of blood flow in total cavopulmonary connection generated by the Fontan procedure. The technique integrates a 3D mesh generation process based on the parameterization of the junction geometry, along with a sophisticated physically regularized neural network architecture. Synthetic datasets are produced using 3D steady Stokes simulations within fixed boundaries. We use a physically informed feedforward neural network that utilizes a physically regularized loss function, which incorporates the principle of mass conservation. Our PINN achieves a tolerance of 6% on the test set. We develop a 1D-PINN multiscale model based on a previously developed method for multiscale 1D–3D simulations. Comparison with 1D–3D Stokes based model and 3D Navier–Stokes based model verifies the 1D-PINN model. In the first and second comparison, the maximum deviations of the averaged pressures and flows do not exceed 1.48% and 12.26%, respectively.

Analysis of tooth root three-dimensional fatigue crack initiation, propagation, and fatigue life for spur gear transmission

The gears in aviation gear systems are susceptible to fatigue fracture due to high-speed, heavy-load, and load alternation operating conditions. Therefore, a numerical calculation model with multiple mesh positions loading form has been proposed in this paper to analyze the fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior, and to estimate the fatigue life of these gears. The fatigue life of the gear is determined by separately calculating the fatigue crack initiation life and the fatigue crack propagation life. The tooth root fatigue stress and the fatigue initiation life are calculated by the multi-axial fatigue life prediction method with the Smith-Watson-Topper criterion and the critical plane method. Afterwards, the tooth root stress–strain field is calculated in Finite element (FE) software and the stress intensity factors of the crack tip are calculated in three-dimensional (3D) crack analysis software. Then, the tooth root fatigue crack propagation trajectory and the fatigue crack propagation life are obtained separately. Finally, the influence mechanism of the loading conditions, the geometry parameters of gears, and the initial crack positions on the tooth root fatigue crack initiation life, propagation life, and fatigue crack propagation trajectory are analyzed, and a tooth fatigue test bench is built for verifying the crack propagation trajectory.

Inverse problems in hydrodynamics lubrication: Parameter identification in the Reynold equation by using physics-informed neural networks

In this work, the inverse problems for hydrodynamic lubrication were solved by using the physics informed neural networks (PINNs) method. Both the conditions without and with the cavitation effects are studied. For the journal bearings without considering the cavitation effects, the eccentricity values can be accurately inverted using only 10 data points with a maximum error of less than 6%. For the problems with the mass-conserving cavitation, the geometry parameters for 1D conditions were estimated and accurate results can be obtained by also using 10 data points. While for the journal bearings with incompressible lubricants, the error was less than 3% with only 50 data points. For the ones with compressible lubricants, the eccentricity ratios can be estimated with 50 data points again, and the maximum error is less than 10%. In addition, the experimental oil pressure data were used to predict the journal bearing eccentricity, and the results were acceptable with only 9 oil pressure data points. The PINNs method presented two significant strengths: its ability to operate effectively with very sparse data points and its precision in delivering results, and it can provide a promising method for identifying unknown parameters in hydrodynamics lubrication with small data.

Predictive factors for recurrent tricuspid regurgitation after tricuspid annuloplasty: 3D echocardiography study

Abstract Introduction There is growing concern about the recurrence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after tricuspid annuloplasty (TA) in individuals with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). While TA is effective in treating FTR, a comprehensive understanding of the echocardiographic factors influencing TR recurrence is crucial. Aim This study aims to employ multivariate regression analysis to investigate the prognostic significance of tricuspid valve (TV) geometry and echocardiographic parameters associated with both RV geometry and function. The focus is on comprehending these relationships in the context of recurrent TR subsequent to TA. Methods This prospective observational cohort study aimed to explore factors contributing to recurrent tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after tricuspid annuloplasty (TA). The focus was on patients with moderate or severe functional TR due to left heart valvular disease, particularly severe mitral regurgitation, excluding those with ischemic heart disease. The cohort included 66 individuals undergoing preoperative assessments with 2D and 3D echocardiography, quantifying RV and right atrial (RA) geometry, functional, and tricuspid valve (TV) parameters. TR severity followed ESC guidelines. Patients were categorized into effective TA (50 patients) and recurrent TR (16 patients) groups, defined by mild-moderate TR and significant moderate-severe TR one year post-surgery, respectively. SPSS software facilitated statistical analysis, with adjusted logistic regression considering parameters such as age and gender. Results Among the patients (54% male, mean age 68±9 years), no significant differences were found in gender, left ventricular and atrial parameters, or preoperative TV orifice area between groups (recurrent TR vs. effective TA: 38 [33] mm2 vs. 29 [15] mm2, p=0.117). Univariate logistic regression analysis identified Septal-Lateral Systolic TA Diameter (OR 1.62), Septal-Lateral Diastolic TA Diameter (OR 1.99), and Major Axis Diastolic TA Diameter (OR 1.59) as key predictors. For diagnostic efficacy, ROC analysis revealed Major Axis Diastolic TA Diameter (AUC 0.848; cut-off 52.5 mm), TV Leaflet Tenting Volume (AUC 0.778; cut-off 5.1 ml), and RV Basal Diameter (AUC 0.763; cut-off 47.5 mm) as the most predictive parameters. The combined use of predefined RV basal diameter and Major Axis Diastolic TA Diameter showed the highest odds ratio for recurrent TR. Conclusion Key predictors, including Septal-Lateral Systolic and Diastolic TA Diameters, and Major Axis Diastolic TA Diameter, were identified, emphasizing their significance in understanding TR recurrence after tricuspid annuloplasty. The combination of predefined RV basal diameter and Major Axis Diastolic TA Diameter showed the highest odds ratio for recurrent TR, offering valuable insights for clinical assessment and preventive strategies.

Prognostic preoperative factors for recurrence of tricuspid regurgitation following annuloplasty: examining the influence of 3d echocardiography

Abstract Introduction The increasing worry revolves around the reappearance of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) following tricuspid annuloplasty (TA) among individuals dealing with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). Despite TA's efficacy as a treatment, a complete understanding of the echocardiographic elements influencing the recurrence of TR is pivotal. This knowledge holds the potential to guide the development of more robust preventive strategies, aiming to ease the incidence of recurrent TR after TA. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of tricuspid valve (TV) and echocardiographic parameters related to both right ventricular (RV) geometry and function. Specifically, our focus is on understanding these relationships in the context of recurrent TR following TA. Methods This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate determinants of recurrent TR post-surgical TV repair. The focus was on patients with moderate or severe functional TR related to left heart valvular disease, primarily severe mitral regurgitation, excluding those with ischemic heart disease. The study involved 66 participants, assessed preoperatively with 2D and 3D echocardiography, examining RV and right atrial (RA) geometry, functional, and TV parameters. TR severity followed ESC guidelines. Two groups were formed: effective TA group (50 patients) and recurrent TR group (16 patients), defined by mild to moderate TR and significant moderate-severe TR one year post-surgery, respectively. Statistical analysis employed SPSS software, with adjusted univariate logistic regression considering age and gender. Results Of the patients, 54% were male, with a mean age of 68±9 years. Echocardiography parameters in Table 1 showed no significant differences in gender, left ventricular, atrial geometrical, functional parameters, or preoperative effective regurgitant TV orifice area between groups (recurrent TR vs. effective TA: 38 [33] mm2 vs. 29 [15] mm2, p=0.117). Univariate logistic regression analysis highlighted RV and RA geometry, along with TV diameter, as predictors for recurrent TR. Notably, 3D TV geometrical parameters had prognostic significance, as confirmed by univariate adjusted logistic regression analysis. Functional RV parameters did not exhibit statistical significance in this analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, the recurrence of moderate-severe functional tricuspid regurgitation following tricuspid annuloplasty is linked to the tricuspid annulus size, as well as the geometry of the right atrium and right ventricle before surgery. Notably, no correlation was identified between the recurrence of TR and alterations in RV function.