Geometry Data Research Articles

M-BIM: a new tool for the Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze

<p>The paper deals with an ongoing research activity for developing a Building Information Model (BIM) for the facility and collections management of museums. The BIM success lies not only in its application for the design and construction of buildings but also because it helps the information management of a building throughout its life cycle. Compared to other activities, in museums management, the container/content relationship is essential for the preventive conservation of artworks, according to national and international guidelines. Then, an effective BIM-based museum information system linked to external databases (called M-BIM) should include also the art collections for managing information regarding both the building and artworks by 3D objects handling. This facilitates the management of the procedures prescribed by international best practices (as the facility and conservation reports set up for the loan of artworks) or by Italian regulations (as to check the compliance of a museum with the minimum standards or to archive renovations and temporary exhibitions). The proposed methodology has been tested on the Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze (Florence, Italy), situated in a complex heritage building. Starting from data acquired during a laser scanner survey carried out in 2011, a HBIM of the whole building has been created. Then, the sculptures and paintings of a consistent part of the museum have been modelled with different approaches and inserted as BIM objects. Artworks instances include 3D geometry and physical data (dimensions, materials, weight, etc.), other data are obtained from links to already existing external catalogues. A database conceptual model has been formalised, according to INSPIRE Consolidated Unified Modelling Language (UML) of the INSPIRE Directive, with the aim to maintain the independence of the BIM approach but improving data connection with other databases and sources.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>A holistic information management system for museums (M-BIM) is proposed, including both information on the building and the collections.</p></li><li><p>International and Italian guidelines, and best practices on museums management are compared.</p></li><li><p>The Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze is used as a case study for testing the application of M-BIM on a heritage building.</p></li></ul>

Housing issue in shrinking Russian cities: mapping the reality

Housing issue in shrinking Russian cities: mapping the reality

CONCEPTUAL MODELING AND PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPATIAL DATABASES OF THE CADASTRE OF NATURAL HEALING RESOURCES

Data in the system of conducting the State inventory of natural healing resources are preserved mainly in unstructured form. Accumulated information is not used efficiently. Data that has a structured form prefers fast updates, high speed updates, processing, and visualization. The use of GIS technologies together with object-relational database management systems provide an opportunity for high-quality and efficient storage, processing, analysis and visualization of geospatial information. In accordance with the modern methodology of geospatial data organization at the stage of database design, a conceptual modeling of data with cataloging of research objects is carried out. The result of this phase is the conceptual schema of the geodata database and the directory of the geodata database objects. The purpose of the article is to describe the conceptual schema of the database, the description of the structure and the Catalog of classes of objects of the base of the geodata of natural healing resources. Conceptual model allows you to outline the boundaries of the subject area, identify its main essence, the relationship between them.Each type of natural healing resources (mineral waters, mud, limestone and lakes, bishofite, ozokerite, seacoast, landscapes) is a separate class of objects. Non-spatial object classes are attributive data on qualitative, quantitative indicators, information on the subject of business, licensing. The relationship between classes is modeled in the form of associations that use the key fields of the corresponding attributes. All attribute fields have status: basic, non-core, and service. The catalog of objects classes contains a set of data in accordance with the list of data included in the State inventory of natural healing resources. Provides additional data that can complement the description of objects in the geodatabase. The catalog is presented in the form of an information table with the characteristics of each class, a list of attributes, data types, units of measure, domains and associations. Data types can have text, numeric, logical formats. For attributes that have a list of defined definitions, domains of admissible values are provided. Each geospatial object stores an abstract Geometry data type that provides information about the geographic location of an object.The maintenance of the State inventory of natural healing resources in the system of the Infrastructure of geospatial data of Ukraine is based on application of GIS technologies and object-relational DBMS. A conceptual scheme and a catalog of classes of objects of the geospatial data set of the State Cadastre of natural healing resources will be based on physical modeling in the environment of an object-relational database management system.

Electrohydrodynamic dryer: Effect of emitters’ density and gap between discharge and collecting electrodes

This paper presents the results of experimental study and mathematical simulation of multi-pin electrohydrodynamic dryer as a function of emitters’ density and a gap between discharge and collecting electrodes. Experimental data for multi-pin electrodes with different emitters’ spacing 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 6 × 6 cm and different gaps between electrodes at 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 cm have been approximated with Warburg and Stuetzer models. Stuetzer model appears to be more accurate fit to experimental data for all electrode geometries. It also allowed decomposition of partial effects of emitters’ density and the gap between electrodes. Effect of emitters’ density was accounted through dimensionless geometry factor go. Using modified Stuetzer model, current density of the multi-pin electrode could be predicted as a function of voltage, gap and emitters’ density, which allows scaling up the multi-pin dryers for industrial applications.

Thermal Comfort Identification of Traditional Bugis House in Humid Tropical Climate

This study aims to determine the thermal comfort conditions in the interior of traditional Bugis houses in South Sulawesi. This phase measured 18 (eighteen) houses by collecting data on 2 (two) main variables of room thermal comfort, namely air temperature and relative humidity. The recording time starts from 08.00 to 16.00 WITA. Observation made to collect room geometry data, building orientation, roof slope, and material used. Measuring instruments are placed in the living room throughout the room. The analysis carried out on the measurement data is then correlated with the observation. The results show that the average outside temperature above the thermal comfort standard is around 32.0 to 37.4℃ from morning to afternoon, the maximum temperature reaching 41.7℃ occurs around 13.00 to 14.00 WITA and the minimum temperature is 28.2℃ only occurs in the morning. Air humidity average is relatively fair in the thermal comfort zone between 42.8 to 69.8%. Material gives the most dominant influence on heat induction from the outside environment to the interior space. The orientation of the house found in North-South is hotter, the roof with a double slope is hotter, and the lower the ceiling is more hot.

Methodology paper: a novel phantom setup for commissioning of scanned ion beam delivery and TPS

BackgroundCommissioning of treatment planning systems (TPS) and beam delivery for scanned light ion beams is an important quality assurance task. This requires measurement of large sets of high quality dosimetric data in anthropomorphic phantoms to benchmark the TPS and dose delivery under realistic conditions.MethodA novel measurement setup is described, which allows for an efficient collection of a large set of accurate dose data in complex phantom geometries. This setup allows dose measurements based on a set of 24 small volume ionization chambers calibrated in dose to water and mounted in a holder, which can be freely positioned in a water phantom with various phantoms mounted in front of the water tank. The phantoms can be scanned in a CT and a CT-based treatment planning can be performed for a direct benchmark of the dose calculation algorithm in various situations.ResultsThe system has been used for acceptance testing in scanned light ion beam therapy at Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center for scanned proton and carbon ion beams. It demonstrated to be useful to collect large amounts of high quality data for comparison with the TPS calculation using various phantom geometries.ConclusionThe setup is an efficient tool for commissioning and verification of treatment planning systems. It is especially suited for dynamic beam delivery, as many data points can be obtained during a single plan delivery, but can be adapted also for other dynamic therapies, like rotational IMRT.

FIELD TESTS OF GLUED INSULATED RAIL JOINTS WITH USAGE OF SPECIAL PLASTIC AND STEEL FISHPLATES

Purpose. The aim was to compare behavior of polymer-composite fishplated and control steel fishplated (type GTI and MTH-P) glued insulated rail joints in railway track. Methodology. After laboratory tests (shear tests of glue materials, 3-point-bending tests, axial pull tests), as well as field inspections, trial polymer-composite and control (steel) fishplated glued insulated rail joints were built into railway tracks with (almost) the same border conditions (rail profiles, cross section parameters, track condition, etc.). The authors summarize in this paper the results of field tests related to polymer-composite, as well as control (steel) fishplated glued insulated rail joints between 2015 and 2018 considering measured data of track geometry recording car and straightness tests. Findings. The investigation and diagnostics of experimental (fiber-glass reinforced fishplate) and control (steel fishplate) rail joints (straightness tests, track geometry recording car measurements) are in progress. Originality. The goal of the research is to investigate the application of this new type of glued insulated rail joint where the fishplates are manufactured at high pressure, regulated temperature, glass-fiber reinforced polymer composite plastic material. The usage of this kind of glued insulated rail joints is able to eliminate the electric fishplate circuit and early fatigue deflection and it can ensure the isolation of rails’ ends from each other by aspect of electric conductivity. Practical value. The polymer-composite fishplated glued-insulated rail joints and control steel fishplated rail joints were built into the No. 1 main railway line (Kelenföld-Hegyeshalom) in Hungary at three different railway stations. The accurate time could not be determined when the polymer-composite fishplated glued-insulated rail joints reach the end of their lifetime as the result of previous research. In this article the investigation of deterioration process of glued-insulated rail joints is demonstrated.

Coupling the algebraic model of bypass transition with EARSM model of turbulence

The article deals with numerical solution of the laminar-turbulent transition. A mathematical model consists of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, which are completed by the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM) of turbulence. The algebraic model of laminar-turbulent transition, which is integrated to the EARSM, is based on the work of Kubacki and Dick (Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 58, 68–83, 2016) where the turbulent kinetic energy is split in to the small-scale and large-scale parts. The algebraic model is simple and does not require geometry data such as wall-normal distance and all formulas are calculated using local variables. A numerical solution is obtained by the finite volume method based on the HLLC scheme and explicit Runge-Kutta method.

Structural analysis of cyclically periodic rings and its application to the mechanics of balloon expandable stents

The performance of balloon expandable stents during deployment is usually assessed computationally. Most stents have a generic feature that entails wavy rings known as “crowns” which are interconnected via structures known as “bridges”. A mathematically exact analyses of such wavy rings would provide a benchmark to such computations and offer a clear insight into the deformation of stents. In the present work, an analytical model is developed to estimate the elasto-plastic response of a cylindrical periodic structure made of sinusoidal crowns interconnected by bridges. Two different interconnections are considered that give rise to two distinctive behaviours one of which is auxetic. Elastic-perfectly plastic material is considered. The apparent elasto-plastic response of the cylindrical structure is obtained in a closed-form by exploiting the periodicity along its longitudinal and the circumferential direction. A scaling ansatz is proposed that collapses nonlinear response data for different geometries into a family of master-curves. Such relationship suggests that the most efficient way to increase the apparent stiffness of the structure is to decrease the amplitude of the wavy crowns.

Population balance modelling of bubble columns under the heterogeneous flow regime

Industrial bubble columns generally operate under the so-called heterogeneous regime and with high gas volume fractions, implying a fundamental role of the coalescence and breakage phenomena. These columns are usually simulated thanks to Eulerian CFD modelling, whereas the local bubble size distribution can be estimated with population balance models. The coupling can be realized with the Quadrature Method of Moments in order to minimize the CPU time consumption. In this work, the CFD-PBM/QMOM approach is validated using experimental data. Various qualities of water and two spargers are investigated. Considering different additives and spargers allow studying separately the effect of breakage and coalescence. In particular, a perforated plate with many holes leads to the formation of small bubbles that hardly break. On the contrary, a perforated sparger with a few big holes induces the production of big bubbles in the lowest part of the column, enhancing breakage. In this second case, due to breakage, bubble size decreases quickly along the axial position until an equilibrium bubble size is reached. The presence of additives is used to further investigate coalescence and breakage phenomena, given that it generally suppresses coalescence and highlights the kinetics of breakage. In this work, a suitable set of breakage and coalescence kernels is proposed, capable of providing predictions in good agreement with experimental data for different bubble columns geometries, gas flow rates and additive concentrations.

Complete digital workflow in prosthesis prototype fabrication for complete-arch implant rehabilitation: A technique

During complete-arch digital implant scanning, one of the most technique-sensitive steps is the data registration and superimposition or matching of different surface geometry data sets because of the absence of fixed landmarks. This article describes a straightforward technique for facilitating the accurate superimposition or matching of surface scan files from digital scans for the fabrication of the prosthesis prototype with a complete digital workflow.

An optical-based technique to obtain operating deflection shapes of structures with complex geometries

Abstract The dynamic characteristics of structures are conventionally obtained by exciting the structure using an impulse hammer or a mechanical shaker and measuring the response using uniaxial or multi-axial accelerometers. However, contact-based sensors can mass-load the structure and do not provide full-field data. Hence, obtaining the true dynamics of the structure using conventional sensors can be challenging. That makes test engineers seek different non-contact techniques that can provide full-field data without mass-loading the structure. Recently, stereo-photogrammetry and three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC) have been adopted to collect operating data for structural analysis. These non-contact optical techniques provide a wealth of distributed data over the entire structure. However, the stereo-camera system is limited by the field-of-view of the cameras; a single pair of DIC cameras may not be able to provide deformation data for the entire structure. Hence, it is challenging to obtain the vibration characteristics of the entire structure. In the current work, a multi-view 3D DIC approach is used and validated to predict the vibrational characteristics of an automotive muffler with a complex structure. A pair of DIC cameras travels over the entire structure to capture the deformation of each field of view. The measured data includes the geometry and displacement data, which is later mapped into a global coordinate system. The measured data in the time domain for each field-of-view is transformed to the frequency domain to extract the operational deflection shapes and resonant frequencies for each field of view. The obtained deflection shapes are stitched together in the frequency domain to extract the operating deflection shapes and resonant frequencies of the automotive body panel with a complex structure.

Exploring the impact of foot-by-foot track geometry on the occurrence of rail defects

Predicting rail defects is of great importance for safe railway transportation. Using foot-by-foot track geometry and tonnage data, this paper develops a new machine learning based approach to identify the track geometry parameters that contribute most to the prediction of rail defects occurrences. Taking more than 60 types of track geometry measurements into account, this study develops a Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm for feature selection and compares its results with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). In addition, to capture more knowledge from the geometry data, some additional features, including Track Quality Index (TQI), energy spectral density, and time-trend are extracted. This, in turn, facilitates the learning and predicting process. Moreover, since there exists a very limited number of rail defects, the Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN) is applied to overcome the issue of imbalance in the dataset. In terms of machine learning algorithms, the proposed approach employs an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm in which the hyper-parameters are optimized using a Bayesian optimization method. Furthermore, the proposed approach investigates the impact of each track geometry parameter as well as a subset of them on rail defects occurrences with Partial Dependence Analysis (PDA). Finally, our approach is implemented on a six-year dataset with over 60 million track geometry records collected from a 100-mile section of a U.S. Class I railroad to demonstrate its applicability and efficiency.

CFD-assisted analysis of the characteristics of stratified-charge combustion inside a wall-guided gasoline direct injection engine

Abstract The thermodynamic characteristics of stratified-charge combustion inside a wall-guided gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are investigated experimentally and the effects of start of injection (SOI) on the combustion stability are studied in this work. Numerical simulation of the gas flow inside the GDI engine starting from the beginning of intake stroke to the point of start of spark ignition (SOS) are conducted. By coupling the heat release rate analysis with the geometry data of gas mixture composition obtained from numerical simulation, substantial insight into the combustion behaviors can be obtained. The effect of cycle-to-cycle variation on the combustion stability can be predicted by the equivalence ratio distribution obtained from numerical simulation. Results show that with the same amount of fuel injected and the same timing of ignition the stratified-charge combustion produces 10% larger imep than that produced by stoichiometric combustion at the expense of an insignificant combustion stability if proper injection timing is adopted. Emission data obtained from the exhaust gas analyzer indirectly confirmed the effects of SOI on the combustion behaviors inside the GDI engine.

Leakage Flux Modeling of Medium-Voltage Phase-Shift Transformers for System-Level Simulations

Cascaded H-Bridge converters in medium-voltage (MV) applications have all the dc link capacitors supplied from external source through a multiwinding phase-shift transformer. This type of transformers has a complex winding geometry, which leads to unbalanced leakage flux paths. The unbalance affects the dynamic behavior of the converters. This work proposes a modeling approach, which realistically captures the unbalance in the leakage flux path of phase-shift transformers, using permeance magnetic circuit. The model can be seamlessly integrated into system-level simulation of power electronic circuits. Taking advantage of the repetitive structure of the windings, the model requires very limited number of parameters, which can be easily obtained from the geometry data together with only a few experimental tests. The fidelity of the model is experimentally confirmed on a phase-shift transformer from a commercial MV drive system.

An LC-Circuit Model for Dynamics of In-Building Heat Transfer across Atrium Space

We develop a novel mathematical model to represent the dynamics of heat transfer across atrium space, that is, a large open space inside a building. This modeling is established by a combination of an equivalent electric-circuit equation of thermal mass and measurement data. A novel point of it is to introduce not only resistance and capacitance but also inductance to the circuit model, which is different from traditional models of thermal mass and induces the second-order equation of heat balance. We propose to use the so-called Koopman mode decomposition to estimate the values of circuit parameters from measublack time-series data. Effectiveness of the circuit model is established with a numerical simulation incorporated with geometry, structure, and time-series data on a practically-used building in Japan.

Detection of material zones on the surface of a steel-aluminum hybrid component using reflection models and a monochromatic fringe projection profilometry system.

The limits of traditional lightweight engineering are being extended by the development of hybrid components. Lightweight potential is especially high when using dissimilar materials, e.g.,a friction-welded steel-aluminum combination. An important factor for the mechanical properties of such a combination is the geometry and location of the joining zone between the materials. The geometry of these objects can be reconstructed by optical triangulation techniques such as fringe projection profilometry. In this paper, we present a method to robustly detect the different material zones on the surface of a hybrid steel-aluminum component. We use reflection models and data from a fringe projection profilometry system. The intensity values and 3D geometry data from the fringe projection system are used to estimate material-specific reflection parameters for each 3D point and detect different material areas based on a global threshold.

Theoretical Investigation of the Structural, Spectroscopic, Electronic, and Pharmacological Properties of 4-Nerolidylcathecol, an Important Bioactive Molecule

4-Nerolidylcatechol (4NRC), a secondary metabolite described as a potent antioxidant that presents anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, analgesic, and cytotoxic properties, has been receiving prominence in the catechol class. In this work, a theoretical DFT study of the vibrational, structural, and quantum properties of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4NRC) using the B3LYP/6-311G (2d,p) level is presented. The theoretical molecular geometry data were compared with the X-ray data of a similar molecule in the associated literature and a conformational study is presented, with the aim of providing a good comprehension of the 4NRC structural arrangement and stability. Also, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and natural bond orbitals (NBOs) were performed and discussed. The calculated UV spectrum showed similarity to the experimentally obtained data, with transitions assigned. The comparative IR studies revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds that stabilize dimeric forms are plausible and also allowed the assignment of several characteristic vibrations. Molecular docking calculations with DNA topoisomerase I-DNA complex (TOPO-I), glyceraldehyde 3-phospate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), andPlasmodium falciparumlactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) showed binding free energies of −6.3, −6.5, and −7.6 kcal/mol, respectively, which indicates that 4NRC is a good competitive inhibitor for these enzymes.

Which curves are dangerous? A network-wide analysis of traffic crash and infrastructure data

We conducted spatial analyses of traffic crashes, which took place in Czechia over 2010–2016, with respect to the road geometry data. The aim of the work was to identify hazardous road sub-segments where higher than expected numbers of traffic crashes occur.The entire Czech road network (58,200 km) was segmented at intersections into 39,074 between-intersection segments of varying lengths. Each road segment was further automatically sectioned, according to its horizontal alignment, into geometry-homogenous units (horizontal curves and tangents). Overall, 257,101 curves, defined as curved sections with radii below 2100 m, and 136,388 tangents, were identified. Subsequently, traffic crashes were joined to the respective geometrical units to determine their hazardousness. The degree of hazardousness was determined relatively, on a segment-by-segment basis, in order to eliminate the lack of precise traffic exposure data. In addition, the exact binomial test and Bayesian inference were used to identify the most hazardous horizontal curves.It was found that, in general, the curves with a higher crash risk have lower radii than the other curves. We identified the geographical locations of all curves with a high crash hazard. We also ranked the curves according to the crash hazard. Approximately ten percent of road segments contained at least one hazardous horizontal curve. 6943 significantly hazardous curves were identified by the use of the exact binomial test. The Bayesian inference reduced this number to 1395 (0.31% of the entire road network) and ranked them according to the Bayes factor. The most hazardous curve was 45 m long and contained 8.7 traffic crashes per year. Its hazard rate accounted for 37.4. This state-wide analysis of primary data was conducted over an extremely short time (up to 3 days) as theresult of an application of an efficient algorithm for automatic road curvature determination.

Development of Intersection Management Strategy Due to Opening of Sumatra Toll Road

The main role of a transportation network is providing optimum services for transportation network. Over the time, the population is increasing and the needs of reliable transportation network also increased. Transportation network consists of node and connector. According to the condition, the provision of reliable transportation network facilities should be able to optimize the node and the link. In the real condition, there’s a gap between the existing transportation network conditions with the optimum transportation network conditions, as a result the existing transportation network is not able to serve the transportation movement that occurred. Based on this information, research entitled Development of Intersection Management Strategy Due to Opening of Sumatra Toll Road. The objective of this study are: a) Generating traffic flow through the Simpang Polsek Sukarame, Bandar Lampung. b) Evaluating the traffic composition through Simpang Polsek Sukarame, Bandar Lampung. c) Evaluating services intersection parameters needed in evaluating the intersection. d) Determining the intersection strategy of intersection due to the opening of the Sumatra Toll Road. The study is conducted by using Macroscopic Modeling approach using PTV Vissum application and microscopic evaluation using MKJI 1997. In the research, there are several types of data needed. These data are classified into primary and secondary data. Primary data required include: a) Traffic Counting Data, TC Data implemented at Simpang Polsek Sukarame. Traffic Counting data is used as a database for the validation of the transportation model. b) Road geometry data is taken at all connector of Simpang Polsek Sukarame. The Geometry consist of the road width and shoulder width. Geometry data is used for capacity calculation, delay, and saturation degree. From the results of transport modelling that will be evaluated the service level of the intersection based on the parameters of degree of saturation, delay, and speed of vehicles through the intersection. The Result of the model shows that The queue length increasing from 10.66 m to 16.64 m or increasing for around 60% and the average delay increasing from 7 s to 13.43 s or increasing around 95%. It will be concluded that the addition of toll road traffic is affecting the intersection performance.