Geometric Quantum Correlations Research Articles

Geometric versus Entropic Gaussian Correlations in an Open Quantum System of Two Bosonic Modes

Different types of geometric and entropic quantum correlation quantifiers are studied for a system composed of two resonant bosonic modes embedded in a thermal bath. The description of the evolution of the correlation measures is formulated in the framework of the theory of open systems, based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, by using both a geometric and entropic quantification of total nonclassical correlations of Gaussian states. We consider the special case when the initial squeezed thermal state of the system preserves its form in time. We show that time evolution of the measures strongly depends on the parameters characterising the initial state of the system (squeezing parameter and average thermal photon numbers of the two modes) and of the thermal environment (temperature of the thermal bath and dissipation rate). In the limit of large times all the considered measures asymptotically tend to zero value, corresponding to an asymptotic bimodal uncorrelated product state. We make a comparison between the behaviour of the evolution in time of the Gaussian geometric quantum correlations and Gaussian entropic quantum correlations.

Effects of reservoir squeezing on trace-distance correlations and emergence of the pointer basis

We investigate theoretically the dynamics of 1-norm geometric quantum correlations and their classical counterparts in a two-qubit system. Both qubits are initially prepared in Bell-diagonal states and locally coupled to separated thermal squeezed baths or a common squeezed thermal bath via energy-preserving interactions. We then unveil the effects of reservoir squeezing on the abrupt changes in the evolution of geometric correlations. It is found that adequately tuning the squeezing phase can efficiently suppress the dephasing rate and delay the appearance of sudden transitions in geometric correlations. Further, we show that the squeezing phase of the bath renders a different avenue to enhance the finite time interval for frozen quantum correlation. On the other hand, in this context, we show that the squeezing strength of the reservoir exhibits a negative role. In addition, in the common bath case, we observe the steady-state correlations and decoherence-free subspace, which can be governed via squeezing parameters. Moreover, the abrupt change from a decaying regime to a constant nonzero value in classical correlation signals the emergence of a pointer-state basis. We show that the emergence of a pointer-state basis can be delayed by suitably adjusting the bath squeezing parameters. Remarkably, we find the optimal value of the squeezing phase, which introduces maximum retardation in the appearance of a pointer-state basis.

Nonequilibrium effects on one-norm geometric correlations and the emergence of a pointer-state basis in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes

Correlations in the open quantum systems manifest a rich phenomenology under the influence of various physical sources of noise. We theoretically study the dynamics of quantum correlations and their classical counterparts in a two-qubit system, measured by one-norm geometric quantifiers. We consider both qubits are initially prepared in the arbitrary $X$-type states and locally subjected to nonequilibrium dephasing environments with non-Markovian and nonstationary statistical features. We then explore the effects of nonequilibrium on the abrupt changes in the evolution of geometric correlations in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes. Particularly, in the weak-coupling regime, we show that the environmental nonequilibrium feature can efficiently control the appearance of double-sudden transitions and the decay rate in geometric quantum correlation dynamics. However, in the strong-coupling case, we show that the nonequilibrium nature can prolong the interval for the frozen quantum correlation and suppresses the number of multiple sudden changes in its decay rate. Moreover, the abrupt change from decay to a constant regime in classical correlation evolution reveals the emergence of the pointer-state basis. We show that the pointer-state basis appearance can be retarded in the weak-coupling case when the environment deviates from equilibrium. However, in a strong-coupling regime, we observe the metastable pointer-states basis characterized by multiple, successive sudden transitions in classical correlation dynamics. Remarkably, we unveil that the nonequilibrium feature may suppress the apparition of the metastable pointer-states basis.

Measurement-induced geometric measures of correlations based on the trace distance for two-qubit X states

We apply the modified Brodutch and Modi method of constructing geometric measures of correlations to obtain analytical expressions for measurement-induced geometric classical and quantum correlations based on the trace distance for two-qubit X states. Moreover, we study continuity of the classical and quantum correlations for these states. In particular, we show that these correlations may not be continuous.

Measurement-induced geometric measures of correlations based on the Hellinger distance and their local decoherence

We apply the modified Brodutch and Modi method of constructing geometric measures of correlations to obtain analytical expressions for measurement-induced geometric classical and quantum correlations based on the Hellinger distance for two-qubit Bell diagonal states. Moreover, we study dynamics of the classical and quantum correlations for these states under decoherence induced by the action of bit flip, bit-phase flip, phase flip, depolarizing and generalized amplitude damping local quantum channels and identify all possible types of the decoherence dynamics. In particular, we show that these correlations exhibit freezing, sudden change and sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence phenomena.

Robustness of Quantum Correlations in Entangled Two su(2) Systems Non-mutually Interacting with su(1, 1) System under Intrinsic Decoherence

Two two-level systems generated by su(2) algebra are initially prepared in a maximum nonsymmetric Bell state and having no mutual interaction. Each su(2)-system spatially interacts with two-mode cavity field in the nondegenerate parametric amplifier type cast through operators governed by su(1, 1) Lie algebra. An analytical description for the time evolution of the final state of the total system with the effect of intrinsic decoherence is found. Therefore, the robustness of the quantum correlations between the two su(2)-system is investigated by means of geometric quantum discord, measurement-induced nonlocality and negativity. We analyze in some detail the influence of initial coherence intensities, detuning and phase decoherence parameters on the steady-state correlation. We find that the steady-state correlations can be generated and enhanced by controlling the parameters of: the initial coherence intensities, the Bargmman index and the detuning. It is shown that the phenomenon of sudden death and re-birth of entanglement, and the sudden changes of the geometric quantum correlation can be controlled by these parameters. We find that the robustness of the quantum correlation can be greatly enhanced by the Bargmman index and the resonance detuning. Negativity is the measure most susceptible to phase decoherence, while geometric quantum discord and measurement-induced nonlocality are the more robust measures.

Many-body localization transition through pairwise correlations

We investigate the phenomenon of spatial many-body localization (MBL) through pairwise correlation measures based on one and two-point correlation functions. The system considered is the Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain with exchange interaction $J$ and random onsite disorder of strength $h$. As a representative pairwise correlation measure obtained from one-point functions only, we use global entanglement. Through its finite size scaling analysis, we locate the MBL critical point at $h_{c}/J = 3.8$. As for measures involving two-point functions, we analyze pairwise geometric classical, quantum, and total correlations. Similarly to what happens for continuous quantum phase transitions, it is the derivatives of these two-point correlation measures that identify the MBL critical point, which is found to be in the range $h_{c}/J \in \left[3,4\right]$. Our approach relies on very simple measures that do not require access to multipartite entanglement or large portions of the system.

On the Brodutch and Modi method of constructing geometric measures of classical and quantum correlations

Recently, Brodutch and Modi proposed a general method of constructing meaningful measures of classical and quantum correlations. We systematically apply this method to obtain geometric classical and quantum correlations based on the Bures and the trace distances for two-qubit Bell diagonal states. Moreover, we argue that in general the Brodutch and Modi method may provide non-unique results, and we show how to modify this method to avoid this issue.

Frozen geometric discord in dissipative cavity quantum electrodynamics system

We investigate the dynamics of geometric quantum correlations for certain decoherence channels and discuss the necessary conditions for the existence of frozen geometric discord. As illustrative examples, we study the phenomenon of double sudden transitions in geometric discord for a system consisting of two noninteracting atoms inserted in two independent dissipative cavities and how the initial state parameters and decay rate of dissipative cavities affect the frozen time during which the geometric discord remains constant. We also explore the dynamics of geometric discord between two noninteracting atoms trapped in a common dissipative cavity and find that the geometric discord exhibits sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence. Moreover, a nonzero stationary geometric discord can arise in both the independent cavity case and common cavity case.

Geometric phase, quantum Fisher information, geometric quantum correlation and quantum phase transition in the cavity-Bose–Einstein-condensate system

We investigate the quantum phase transition of an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-mode optical cavity via the geometric phase and quantum Fisher information of an extra probe atom which is injected into the optical cavity and interacts with the cavity field. We also find that the geometric quantum correlation between two probe atoms exhibits a double sudden transition phenomenon and show this double sudden transition phenomenon is closely associated with the quantum phase transition of the atomic ensemble. Furthermore, we propose a theoretical scheme to prolong the frozen time during which the geometric quantum correlation remains constant by applying time-dependent electromagnetic field.

Control of the frozen geometric quantum correlation by applying the time-dependent electromagnetic field

We investigate how the time-dependent electromagnetic field affects the sudden transitions of the geometric quantum correlation for two qubits each coupled to its own dissipative environment, and two qubits uniformly coupled to a common dissipative environment, respectively. It is shown that the sudden transitions of the geometric quantum correlation in both cases can be controlled by making use of time-dependent electromagnetic field and, in addition, the frozen time during which the geometric quantum correlation remains constant can be lengthened.

Geometric phases and quantum correlations of superconducting two-qubit system with dissipative effect

We investigate time-dependent Pancharatnam phases and the relations between such geometric phases and quantum correlations, i.e., quantum discord and concurrence, of superconducting two-qubit coupling system in dissipative environment with the mixture effects of four different eigenstates of density matrix. We find that the time-dependent Pancharatnam phases not only keep the motion memory of such a two-qubit system, but also include the information of quantum correlations. We show that the sudden died and alive phenomena of quantum entanglement are intrinsic in the transition of Pancharatnam phase in the X-state and the complex oscillations of Pancharatnam phase in the Y-state. The faster the Pancharatnam phases change, the slower the quantum correlations decay. In particular, we find that a subspace of quantum entanglement can exist in the Y-state by choosing suitable coupling parameters between two-qubit system and its environment, or initial conditions.

Universal freezing of quantum correlations within the geometric approach.

Quantum correlations in a composite system can be measured by resorting to a geometric approach, according to which the distance from the state of the system to a suitable set of classically correlated states is considered. Here we show that all distance functions, which respect natural assumptions of invariance under transposition, convexity, and contractivity under quantum channels, give rise to geometric quantifiers of quantum correlations which exhibit the peculiar freezing phenomenon, i.e., remain constant during the evolution of a paradigmatic class of states of two qubits each independently interacting with a non-dissipative decohering environment. Our results demonstrate from first principles that freezing of geometric quantum correlations is independent of the adopted distance and therefore universal. This finding paves the way to a deeper physical interpretation and future practical exploitation of the phenomenon for noisy quantum technologies.

Geometric phase and quantum correlations for a bipartite two-level system

We calculate the geometric phase of a bipartite two-level system coupled to an external environment. We compute the correction to the unitary geometric phase through a kinematic approach. To this end, we analyse the reduced density matrix of the bipartite system after tracing over the environmental degrees of freedom, for arbitrary initial states of the composite system. In all cases considered, the correction to the unitary phase has a similar structure as a function of the degree of the entanglement of the initial state. In the case of a maximally entangled state (MES), the survival phase is only the topological phase, and there is no correction induced by the environments. Further, we compute the quantum discord and concurrence of the bipartite state and analyse possible relations among these quantities and the geometric phase acquired during the non-unitary system's evolution.

Evolution equation for geometric quantum correlation measures

A simple relation is established for the evolution equation of quantum information processing protocols such as quantum teleportation, remote state preparation, Bell-inequality violation and particularly dynamics of the geometric quantum correlation measures. This relation shows that when the system traverses the local quantum channel, various figures of merit of the quantum correlations for different protocols demonstrate a factorization decay behavior for dynamics. We identified the family of quantum states for different kinds of quantum channels under the action of which the relation holds. This relation simplifies the assessment of many quantum tasks.

Comparison of parallel and antiparallel two-qubit mixed states

We investigate the correlation properties of separable two qubit states with maximally mixed marginals. These states are divided to two sets with the same geometric quantum correlation. However a closer scrutiny of these states reveals a profound difference between their quantum correlations as measured by more probing measures. Although these two sets of states are prepared by the same type of quantum operations acting on classically correlated states with equal classical correlations, the amount of final quantum correlation is different. We investigate this difference and trace it back to the hidden classical correlation which exists in their preparation process. We also compare these states with regard to their usefulness for entanglement distribution and their robustness against noise.

Sudden transitions and scaling behavior of geometric quantum correlation for two qubits in quantum critical environments at finite temperature

We investigate the phenomenon of sudden transitions in geometric quantum correlation of two qubits in spin chain environments at finite temperature. It is shown that when only one qubit is coupled to the spin environment, the geometric discord exhibits a double sudden transition behavior, which is closely related to the quantum criticality of the spin chain environment. When two qubits are uniformly coupled to a common spin chain environment, the geometric discord is found to display a sudden transition behavior whereby the system transits from pure classical decoherence to pure quantum decoherence. Moreover, an interesting scaling behavior is revealed for the frozen time, and we also present a scheme to prolong the time during which the discord remains constant by applying bang–bang pulses.

Double sudden transitions of geometric discord at finite-temperature in the framework of stochastic description

We investigate the phenomenon of double sudden transitions in geometric quantum correlations for a system consisting of a bare qubit and a qubit locally coupled to its finite-temperature heat environment with an Ohmic spectrum in the framework of stochastic description. Moreover, we explore the possibility of protecting the geometric discord between the two qubits and prolonging the time during which the geometric discord remains constant by applying Bang-Bang pulses.

The witness of sudden change of geometric quantum correlation

In this paper, we give a sufficient and necessary condition (witness) for the sudden change of geometric quantum discord by considering mathematical definition of the discontinuity of a function. Based on the witness, we can find out various sudden changes of quantum correlation by considering both the Markovian and the non-Markovian cases. In particular, we can accurately find out critical points of the sudden changes even though they are not quite obvious in the graphical representation. In addition, one can also find that sudden change of quantum correlation, like the frozen quantum correlation, strongly depends on the choice of the quantum correlation measure.

Quantum correlation via quantum coherence

Quantum correlation includes quantum entanglement and quantum discord. Both entanglement and discord have a common necessary condition--------quantum coherence or quantum superposition. In this paper, we attempt to give an alternative understanding of how quantum correlation is related to quantum coherence. We divide the coherence of a quantum state into several classes and find the complete coincidence between geometric (symmetric and asymmetric) quantum discords and some particular classes of quantum coherence. We propose a revised measure for total coherence and find that this measure can lead to a symmetric version of geometric quantum correlation which is analytic for two qubits. In particular, this measure can also arrive at a monogamy equality on the distribution of quantum coherence. Finally, we also quantify a remaining type of quantum coherence and find that for two qubits it is directly connected with quantum nonlocality.