This paper studies the symmetric and asymmetric vibration and buckling modes of a rotating thermal annular plate resting on a Pasternak foundation. With considering the von Kármán geometric nonlinearity and the first-order shear deformation theory, the governing equations of the system are established via Hamilton's principle, and then solved by using the differential quadrature method. With both inner and outer boundaries constrained, the modes of the rotating system vary differently depending on the mode symmetry. The symmetric modes are mainly affected by the generated centrifugal force, while the asymmetric ones are affected by both centrifugal and Coriolis forces. The additional Coriolis, with mainly two directions, strengthens the forward travelling parts of the asymmetric modes, but makes the backward counterparts buckled more easily. Also, the thermal effect, as well as boundary elasticity and foundation coefficients, are also investigated from the viewpoint of mode symmetry. Results show that the temperature rise can shift the fundamental vibration mode from the symmetric one to the asymmetric one and backward travelling waves for rotation, which also adds to the complexity of mode variation with joint parameters. For the joint effect of the temperature rise and rotating, the annular plate tends to buckle more readily while the effects of the two factors are linearly superimposed.