Geometric Form Research Articles

The formation of “form” and the “decoration” of space in Charlotte Perriand, part 1: Theory and practice of “en Forme (in shape)”

AbstractThis paper aims to clarify the formation process of the concept of “form” from the 1920s to the 1930s by chronologically tracing the creation of Perriand's furniture. That is, by analyzing the key terms “equipment,” “art brut” and “en forme (in shape),” this paper examines how the generation and transformation of steel pipe furniture as “form,” which was considered “new decoration.” When Perriand pursued the possibilities of “form,” the dualisms of industrial and natural materials were not at issue. When she sought in form to induce and “control” a gesture, the geometrical form limited and inhibited it. “En forme” was to liberate the threshold of gesture that form defines. Being “controlled” by the matter, rather than “controlled” by humans, could give rise to unexpected uses. It was the practice of her “new decoration,” a development of Le Corbusier's concept of “equipment” as the kind of interior “decoration” to regulate the typological gestures of humans.

Microstructural transition and grain selection across the wire/powder interface in hybrid additive manufacturing

Hybrid additive manufacturing is a promising process to produce Nickel-based alloy complex parts and builds, respecting high deposition rates during wire deposition and geometrical precision by powder deposition in laser DED process. This combination of processes should allow producing large parts with geometrically complex structures, not achievable by other technologies. Nevertheless, hybrid transitions of this type are not well described in the literature, in terms of microstructure establishment and grain selection across the interface, geometrical form of interface, and their potential influence on mechanical properties. Microstructure development across the interface wire/powder will be presented in this work with interface characterization by optical microscopy and EBSD. Grains selection across several powder layers in the hybrid wall, microstructure analysis will be presented for both wire and powder depositions.

Geometric form of wear of high-speed PSKu plough dumps, methods of its elimination and braking

Dumps of high-speed plows in the process of operation acquire a non-core form of wear, which is solved by hardfacing with subsequent hardfacing reinforcement in the area of technological impact. Hardening of parts as delivered on the basis of alloy reinforcement with hard alloy of the probable area of its formation.

Study of the comfort of urban visual environments in the city of Cheboksary

The current research highlights the problem of ecology of the urban visual environment of a large city on the example of the capital of the Republic of Chuvashia, the city of Cheboksary (Cheboksary). Given the saturation of the city with complex geometric forms and objects of architecture of different styles and epochs, the authors considered it important to study the issue of the perception of the city by the population as a generator of natural influences on the visual sense organs. The subject of the study is the influence of architectural forms of buildings of urbanized space on the psychophysiological comfort of a person, as well as the level of noise pollution by vehicles of the city under study. As the objects of research the authors defined the buildings and architectural ensembles of the city. As a research method, the authors used testing with systematically selected formulations of questions to assess the general perception of aesthetic beauty in cities by residents. The main task of the authors was to define recommendations for creating visual and psychological comfort in the artificial urbanized environment of Cheboksary, as well as to develop a system for identifying irritants and factors of "urban stress".

The Relationship Between Modern Art and Children's Painting in The Context of The New Visual Perception Theory

Art has been the only shelter for artists against the alienation that came with Modernism, which covers a hundred-year period between 1860-1960. In modern art, instead of classical art rules, it is seen that the surface, form and color are given importance in painting with the desire to reach the new, and basic forms gain value in line with the desire to reach the essence. However, children's pictures have broken these rules as an innate feature. However, children's pictures have broken these rules as an innate feature. Recognizing that children paint objects as they perceive, not as a representational reality, and that they follow a very original way while doing this, caused children's paintings to be a source for modern art. Along with modern art, Manet deferred form by chasing light in the open air, and did not refrain from deforming Cezanne forms with the help of geometric forms. The forms used in modern art, where the depth is reduced to two dimensions on the surface, are no longer imitating nature. For painters who chose the path of conveying their spiritual experiences and pure emotional intensities by moving away from the reality of the world seen in modern art, children's paintings included a unique and rich visual language that took them to a metaphysical universe. The aim of this research is to emphasize the effect of children's painting on modern art by revealing similarities between children's paintings and the works of artists such as Gris, Kandinsky, Klee, Cezanne and Chirico, who are among the important names of Modern Art.

Architectural evolution of space settlements in cinema and television

Space settlement as a science fiction theme has been very popular in the last 70 years in cinema and television. Gaining its roots from scientific and technological developments, the topic evolved throughout decades to become much more comprehensive nowadays. The evolution that started with physical models to depict the space station as a pure geometric form continues today with much more complex structures that express the infrastructure, features, and appearance of a space settlement. Through developments in space technologies, together with the progress in computer generated imaging methods, contemporary movies represent space stations and settlements in a much detailed way. Therefore, the architecture of the space settlement in cinema and TV becomes a remarkable theme. Consequently, the role of architects in the design of space settlements in cinema and TV increases. This paper presents an analysis of the architectural evolution of space stations and settlements in cinema and TV through examples with a chronological order from 1950s to 2000s. The analysis is based on the relationship of scientific requirements of a space settlement and existing scientific studies on the design of space settlements with their reflections on the cinema and television industries. The outcomes of the analysis put forth that the detail level, functionality, and architectural style of space settlements in movies evolved through time. Therefore, architects’ role in movies and the design of space settlements shall increase thanks to the developments in representation, production, and construction technologies

Kinetic Art Drawings with ‘Aum’ (aumkara series) by Narendra Srivastava

The earliest pieces of evidence of human ability to communicate and desire to create are represented by symbols, hieroglyphics and sign language. OM’ is the root syllable of origination and dissolution, Bija’ of all mantras. Yet, it is significant to value the differences in form and expression of OM according to each culture. It is important to observe different forms of OM as independent, individual forms, and yet not just variations of OM after appreciating the difference in thinking, sense of beauty, and artistic creativity, you may envelop them in the profound meaning of OM again by seeing Narendra’s kinetic art drawings of OM. His chronicle as a graphic artist and a creative painter is awe-inspiring; he is one of the earliest artists to use typographical designs in his paintings. He adopted the geometrical forms of kinetic art and introduced the sacred symbol OM in different geometrical forms. And the result was a genuine blend of the art of East and West obsessed with ‘OM’. His “Om” series of drawings is the highlight of his career. His drawings are a broader form of kinetic art.

Properties of Orbits Under Lie Group Action

Bu çalışmada, Lie grubunun manifold yapısının geometrik formu ile Lie dönüşüm grubu olarak diferensiyellenebilir bir manifoldun noktalarına etki ettirildiğinde, Lie grubunun geometrik yapısı ile Lie dönüşüm grubu etkisi altındaki noktaların yörüngelerinin geometrik yapıları arasındaki ilişkiler incelendi. Matlab uygulamaları yapıldı.

The Effect of Soil Surface Mounds and Depressions on Runoff

Surface mounds and depressions are the basic patterns of microtopography. Their geometric forms and physical properties affect rainfall infiltration, runoff generation and runoff confluence process. In this study, soil beds were set up with seven different types of microtopography to study the effects of surface mounds and depressions on runoff. They were the control check (CK), alternate mounds (AM), continuous mounds (CM), alternate depressions (AD), continuous depressions (CD), alternate mounds and depressions (AMD) and continuous mounds and depressions (CMD). There was only one microtopography type for monomorphic surface relief (MSR) while two for compound surface relief (CSR). All soil beds were exposed under 60, 90 or 120 mm/h rainfall intensity for 90 min. The main results are as follows: surface mounds could promote surface runoff, triggering and shortening runoff generation time, while surface depressions showed contrary results. Whether there was an interval between mounds or depressions also affected the characteristics of runoff. The runoff generation time was 3.8–5.0 times higher for continuous slope than for interval slope, while the runoff yield and runoff coefficient both decreased by approximately 40%. CSR can significantly neutralize the flow-promoting effects of the mounds and the flow-inhibiting effects of the depressions, making the runoff yield and runoff process present a neutral state between the mounds and depressions. CSR prolongs runoff generation time from 1–10 min of MSR to 5–16 min. The runoff yield of CSR presented as 0.12, between 0.17 for mounds and 0.10 for depressions, and so did the runoff coefficient and hydrodynamic parameters. In addition, with rainfall intensity increased, the runoff pattern of CSR and MSR became more similar to each other, and the retarding effects of topography on overland flow were more effective.

MHD Nanofluid Convection and Phase Change Dynamics in a Multi-Port Vented Cavity Equipped with a Sinusoidal PCM-Packed Bed System

In this study, impacts of using a sinusoidal shape encapsulated phase change material (PCM) packed bed (PB) system on the phase change and thermal performance are analyzed in multi-port vented cavity under a partially active magnetic field during hybrid nanoliquid convection. The current study is performed for different magnetic field strengths of domains (Hartmann number between 0 and 50), wave number (between 1 and 8), wave amplitude (between 0.01 H and 0.15 H), and nanoparticle loading (between 0 and 2%) by using the finite element method. The sinusoidal shape of the PCM-PB zone and varying its geometrical form are both found to affect the phase change process and thermal performance. When wave amplitude (Hp) rises from 0.01 H to 0.15 H, full phase change time (t-fr) increases by about 33% while average Nu increases by about 55%. When a partially active magnetic field is imposed at the highest value, up to 30.3% reduction in t-fr is obtained, while average Nu rises by about 9% at t = 18 min. The value of t-fr is reduced by about 15% while spatial average Nu rises by about 55% at the highest nanoparticle loading.

CUBISM WITH ITS AESTHETIC PARADIGMS AS AN AVANT-GARDE CULTURALARTISTIC MOVEMENT AND AN ART PRINCIPLE FOR CREATING ANALOGUE FASHION SOLUTIONS

Design in applied art is a process of creating and developing a plan for an aesthetic and functional object,which requires appropriate research, thinking, modeling, adaptation and creation. Aesthetics today appears invarious forms of art. Therefore, when we talk about something that creates an aesthetic experience, we are usuallytalking about some form of art. The focus of aesthetics is not limited but directed towards aesthetic ideas, ideals andsublime appearance. Cubism as an artistic movement is a new way of representing the world. We could associate thebeauty of Cubism with the unconventional value, because its aesthetic paradigms penetrate the elements thatsurround our environment. The works are deformed, illogical, irrational, broken down into small details. Still lifeand portraiture are like a set of geometric shapes that interact with each other. This direction with aestheticparadigms turns into a special form of the avant-garde, where sharp angles, straight lines and neutral colors play adominant role. Artistic pictures - still life, portrait – do not have to look real, they are like a puzzle that the viewerhas to mentally put together, while the consumer has to feel fashion and always need change, because it itselfchanges daily in direction of something new and different. The very idea of designing analog fashion solutions onthe theme of “Cubism“ is derived from the feeling and perception that Cubism is an artistic movement, which findsthe most ordinary spatial patterns and configurations of things, phenomena that represent all the complexity anddiversity of life. At its core, Cubism perceives the world through geometric forms. It can be seen that the works aredominated by the concept of geometric simplification of the forms of the human body. All these aspects combineinto a simple and unique form or symbol, but each of them provides a key to interpretation, each offering a distinct“reading“ of the image. A person's abilities and imaginations are sometimes simply amazing, because they developand express their creativity in different ways. From such a concept came the cubist style, a style of somethingextraordinary and interesting. Cubism as a cultural artistic movement, with its artistic principles, shows free forms,bizarre construction of figures and objects, as if light currents passed through the objects and tried to show the objectfrom different angles. Thanks to the created creations on the theme of cubism, the world is introduced to the style offlat forms without perspective with completely new and unusual colors, which communicate with each other. Thisartistic movement, possessing all these aesthetic paradigms and artistic principles, still manages to influence thecreation of absolutely unconventional analog fashion solutions today.

"FINDING THE WALL FOUNDATIONS OF KONYA ALAADDIN HILL 2nd KILIÇARSLAN PALACE BY USING THE GEORADAR (GPR) METHOD. A REVİEW "

"Alaaddin Hill, which is located in the city center of Konya, Turkey-Konya Province, has been exposed to intense construction and traffic; It forms the historical core of Konya. Alaaddin Hill is a mound that yields finds from the Bronze Age (450–2000 BC). Tepe is the inner castle settlement of the Anatolian Seljuk State and is one of the important natural and archaeological sites located in the center of Konya City today. The mound contains all the settlement levels from the Bronze Age to the end of the Ottoman Period. As a result of the archaeological excavations carried out in 1941, important findings were revealed in the mound. Alaaddin Hill Natural and Archaeological Site, Alaaddin Mosque-i, II Kılıçarslan Tomb and II Kılıçarslan Mansion symbolize the inner castle of Medieval Konya. The 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion archaeological excavation was carried out with the support of Konya Metropolitan Municipality. As a result of the archaeological excavations on the mound on which the mansion sits, the wall extending in the east-west direction and surrounding the palace ruins was revealed to the west of the mansion. Archeogeophysical studies were carried out in order to fully reveal the wall surrounding the palace ruins, on the east of the 2nd Kılıçarslan Palace on Alaaddin Hill, the state of the western façade of the mansion, the continuation of the inner wall ruins passing in front of the mansion, to the east, and to clarify the integrity of the mansion and the Seljuk palace. Archeogeophysical studies were carried out in order to clarify the integrity of the mansion and the Seljuk palace. With the interpretation of the georadar (GPR) method used in archaeogeophysical studies, the anomalies of the inner city wall remains, which give regular geometric forms, were visualized in two and three dimensions.

Archeogeophysical Studies in Archaeological Heritage Studies: the Case of Konya, Alaeddin Hill

Konya Province, one of the provinces with the largest surface area in Turkey, is located in the Central Anatolia Region, between 37°52' north latitude and 32°30' east longitude. Alaeddin Hill is located in the city center of Konya. The hill surrounding which is a mound has been exposed to intense construction and traffic. This structure, which is not a natural hill and has survived from ancient times, forms the historical core of Konya. Alaeddin Hill Mound; It is an archaeological settlement that yields finds dating back to the Bronze Age (4500-2000 BC). The mound is the inner castle settlement of the Anatolian Seljuk State and is one of the important natural and archaeological sites today. The mound contains all the settlement levels from the past to the present, from the Bronze Age to the end of the Ottoman Period. Important findings were unearthed during the archaeological excavations carried out in 1941 on the Alaeddin Hill Mound. Alaeddin Hill Natural and Archaeological Site, Alaeddin Mosque, Yarım Kümbet (Half Cupola), 2nd Kılıçarslan Tomb and Mansion constitute the inner castle of Medieval Konya. During the Seljuk conquest, the province of Konya was a small city within the walls surrounding the present Alaeddin Hill Mound. The 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion Rescue Excavation was carried out in 2010. As a result of the archaeological excavations, the wall surrounding the ruins of the Palace extending in the east-west direction was unearthed to the west of the mansion. During the archaeological excavations, it was determined that the 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion was not an independent structure on its own. It forms a unity with the walls extending to the east and west of the Alaeddin Mansion and the walls that cut these walls vertically to the south. Therefore, it suggests that this building complex is the remains of the Seljuk Palace. According to new findings and information found during archaeological excavations, Alaeddin Hill was built during the reign of Alaeddin II. Archaeological and geophysical studies have begun to fully uncover the wall surrounding the ruins of the palace located to the east of the Kilicharslan pavilion, the condition of the western facade of the pavilion, so that one can see the continuation of the remains of the inner fortress wall that runs east in front of the pavilion, to explain the integrity of the pavilion and the Seljuk Palace. With the integrated interpretation of magnetic (M) and geoelectric (ERT) methods from archaeogeophysical studies, anomalies belonging to the inner city wall remains, giving regular geometric forms, were visualized in two and three dimensions.

Geometric forms in the art of the ancient population of the Kola Peninsula

Geometric images on rocky surfaces (petroglyphs and paintings), which abound in the sites of Northern Fennoscandia (more than 300 separate locations), as well as similar symbols on ceramics, bone products, horns, stone handicrafts, do not often attract the attention of researchers. Like figurative images, they, undoubtedly, have been included in the arsenal of creative activities of our distant ancestors since ancient times and reflect their worldview, captured by visual means. Pisanitsy (pictograms) of the Rybachy Peninsula is the only site of its kind in the vast territory of the Russian North. The petroglyphs of Kanozera, along with similar objects from Alta, Vingen (Norway), Nämforsen (Sweden), Vyg, Onego (Karelia) are among the largest (each with more than 1000 images) rock art galleries of the hunter-gatherer tradition of Fennoscandia and remains the only site of this kind in the Russian Arctic. Modern studies of petroglyphs by means of night photofixation technique based on special powerful lighting directed at an particular angle to the surface with engravings, as well other non destructive technical methods, including the use of a technique based on the creation of 3D models using photogrammetry and obtaining “pseudo-rubbings” allow reveling new images and refine the outline already known. Sharing similar geometric patterns with petroglyphs, the ground labyrinths of the Kola Peninsula are made in different from petroglyphs techniques and materials. The labyrinths constructed of small boulders in the bays of the Barents Sea they are frequently used by various “pseudo-analysts” to build their esoteric speculations. Working in the direction of scientific study of these phenomena, trying to demonstrate and analyze the objects of historical and cultural heritage themselves, the authors follow the postulate that true human behavior and its conscious activity, in general, begins with the use of symbols, thanks to which the final separation of man from the animal environment took place.

Wragge-Morley, Alexander. Aesthetic Science: Representing Nature in the Royal Society of London, 1650–1720

Wragge-Morley, Alexander. <i>Aesthetic Science: Representing Nature in the Royal Society of London, 1650–1720</i>

A comprehensive parametric study on abrasive waterjet trepanning of Al-6061 alloy

ABSTRACT Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) can be used to realize holes of any size and shape in difficult-to-machine ductile materials with negligible heat-affected zone by simply changing the jet path. In this study, the influence of various process parameters, such as waterjet pressure (P), jet traverse speed (), abrasive mass flow rate (m a ) on the AWJ-trepanned hole’s geometrical features (diameter, taper angle, profile), form characteristics (circularity error, cylindricity error), quality measures (damage region, edge radius, burr formation, uncut material, surface morphology), and material removal mechanism in Al-6061 alloy is studied. The results show that higher P and m a at lower are desirable for achieving nominal geometrical features, minimal form error, burr length, and uncut material. Damage region reduces with the decrease in P and m a at higher . Edge radius reduces with the increase in P at lower and m a . The micrographs showed that the initial damage region is uniform at higher P and lower . Better surface quality is obtained at higher P and m a as lip formation and material pile-up are minimum. Material fracture and cracks in the vicinity of the burr are observed. Based on the mean response analysis, near-optimal parameters are suggested for efficient trepanning.

The Narrative Space: John Hejduk’s Angelic Architecture

Pragmatist modern architecture tends to dissociate mind and body and has been unable to dialogue with the human soul, but architectural educator John Hejduk challenged such an understanding of buildings as autonomous objects and strove for the soul of architecture, which had a direct connection to good humanity. This paper analyzes how Hejduk explored the design concept of “narrative space” to reflect on the predicament of meaninglessness in the built environment, implementing it through design to re-bridge human perceptual and emotional connection to the lost spiritual and cosmic world. The analysis focuses on his poems, experimental drawings, and the symbolism of angels to interpret the hermeneutic depth of historical meaning in his architecture and to define humanity as a poetical dwelling between heaven and earth. The paper discloses how Hejduk used the dialogue between poetical narrative and architectural geometrical form, the symbol of angels as divine messengers, the act of sketching as narrative composition, and the legacy of his architectural pedagogy to reinvent architecture as a more thoughtful design process toward the beauty of humanity. This paper demonstrates that Hejduk’s architectural approach generated a poetical resistance against Cartesian principles of modern architecture and established an expressive and critical design language, interweaving the multiple theoretical threads of memory, history, trauma, and poetical emotion into the production of marvelous space that can tell stories and inspire our passion for spiritual architecture.

Symbolic Designs of Textile Art in African Fabrics

ABSTRAKT This paper examines the symbolic designs of expressive creativity on African fabrics in textile art. It highlights the variations on the theme, symbolic design, colour, and techniques used for the production of African fabrics. Data for the study rely on primary and secondary sources. The primary data were obtained from in-depth interview, samples of African fabrics drawn from exhibition catalogues as well as unstructured interview schedules with primary artists producing some of the textiles in Africa and users wearing clothes drawn from the African people in Nigeria, Mali, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and Tanzania. The illustration of the variations in symbols found in African textile, derived from exhibition catalogues, were used to express the cultural contextual meaning of design patterns on African fabrics. Cultural nationalism and identity dominate the printed geometric forms of flora and fauna as well as other patterns of symbolic designs found on the fabrics. The symbolic designs and variations in theme, colour and patterns on African textile represent rare artistic creativity and expression in the current development of textile art in Africa.

Architectural drawing’s modern transformation in China: the changing visual forms and the rise of the architectural profession

Chinese ‘architectural’ drawing (drawings that are concerned with the built environment) underwent profound transformation regarding their compositional rules around the beginning of the twentieth century, from a unique set of geometric principles to Western Euclidean geometry. This research firstly analyses and compares the different geometrical forms and other related visual expressions in three Chinese ‘architectural’ drawings representing the premodern, the modern, and the intermediate developmental period. Secondly, the changing visual forms reveal a brief history of the development of ‘subjectivity’ in Chinese ‘architectural’ drawing, from the anonymous craftsmanship that conveyed a collective subjectivity by representing Chinese cosmology to the beginning of the projection of the self as an intellectual, and finally to the modern professional architect. This article argues that the changing subjectivity is the key mechanism that has led to the profound transformation across these periods time.

Heuristic Optimization of a New Type of Prestressed Arched Truss.

This paper represents new approaches for calculating, designing, and optimizing prestressed arched trusses with a tie member. Structural systems with long spans, such as trusses, beams, frames, etc., are subjected to a considerable/substantial risk of losing load-carrying capacity because of the different types of loads used. Some traditional design methods define the values of prestressing force in the tie member and internal forces in the truss elements to avoid this load capacity loss. However, the accuracy and limits of the determination of the forces are not necessarily known. The authors offer a new type of prestressed arched truss and some new approaches in the design and calculation process to solve these disadvantages. The study's main objectives were to design an innovative and new geometric form of prestressed arched truss, which allows the development of high-value prestressing force, to optimize a new truss for reducing self-weight, increasing load-carrying capacity compared to its analogs. The force, stiffness matrix, and simulated annealing methods were used during the study. A new advance to the optimization of prestressed arched truss suggested by the authors reduces the self-weight and improves the load capacity of the truss by 8-17%, depending on the span.