Geology Of Area Research Articles

Artificial Neural Network Model in Spatial Analysis of Geographic Information System

In the past two decades, the computer technology industry has developed rapidly, and the geological prospecting industry is also undergoing a computerized and electronic revolution. The application technology of new geological information systems is gradually adding us to the spatial information system of geological prospecting projects. In order to deeply study the current situation of the artificial neural network model in the spatial analysis of our country’s geographic information system, this paper uses the traditional classification analysis method; database analysis and neural network analysis method of compensating samples were collected, an artificial model of the network is established, and the algorithm is simplified. And a neural network model is created. In the research of A and B counties’ geographic information system, using a new network model, 61 geological disasters were found in County A, of which 47 were landslides, 4 collapses, and 10 unstable slopes. There were 19 geographical disasters in County B, including 9 unstable slopes, 6 landslides and 4 collapses. In terms of geographic prediction combined with the network model, the comparison with the actual situation shows that the geographical distribution is 99.7% in the geographical and geological disaster-prone areas, and the geographical distribution is less in the nonprone areas, with a proportion of 0.3%. Geological disaster-prone areas of low points accounted for 76.9%, and the number of disaster-affected points in the low-prone areas accounted for 22.8%. The geographical and geological grades divided by the evaluation model are basically consistent with the actual grades, which can meet the needs of geographic evaluation. It is basically realized that starting from the model’s geographic information system, a more comprehensive and practical artificial neural network model is designed.

Áreas Protegidas e Turismo na Serra do Espinhaço: Dez anos de atuação do Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas do Espinhaço - UFMG / UFVJM

Tourism activity in the Serra do Espinhaco Biosphere Reserve (RBSE), Minas Gerais, takes place in practically all its extension. In some areas, tourism has enabled the valorization and preservation of cultural and natural heritage through listing, records of intangible heritage, seal concessions and creation of Conservation Units, especially in the axis of the Estrada Real, which was the route for the gold and diamonds outflow from the mid-18th century. e aim of this article is to provide an overview of tourism in the Serra do Espinhaco Biosphere Reserve, exploring the possible effects of this activity in the enhancement and preservation of the historic-natural heritage. Tis study has as theoretical and practical support in researches already carried out in the area of the Reserve within the scope of the Espinhaco’s Integrated Research Group (GIPE). As natural and cultural heritage constitute a true amalgamation when we refer to the RBSE, the work carried out within the scope of GIPE seeks a constant dialogue with other areas of knowledge, adding references in the areas of geology, biology, physical and human geography, archeology, heritage and social sciences. The great tourist differential of the RBSE resides in this unique heritage amalgamation, and it remains to be seen to what extent the tourists who visit it, in increasing numbers, really know this characteristic/ wealth/potential in order to value it.

Assessment of the Ecological Risks of Landslide Damages in the Carpathian Region

The dynamism of the landslides within the Carpathian region of Ukraine is because of the difficult engineering and geological conditions. High landslide den sity and significant population density contribute to the fact that environmental parameters worsen and require rational management. Permanent natural factors like clay flysch formation, fault tectonics, high seismic activity, and dense network of rivers mostly facilitate the active development of landslides in the Carpathian region. However, it is triggered by extreme long-term precipitation. The numerical parameters of population density, the landslide damage coefficient, and the predictive range of landslide intensification were selected to assess the ecological risk of damages in the area. The landslide dam age coefficient characterizes the tendency of the area to landslide development, considering all the factors contributing to the landslides. Risk, as a multifunctional calculated complex, includes the calculation of damage, according to which we can assess the possibility of risk for the human being while assuming the equal distribution of the population within the study area. The integral components of the risk are calculated based on the data gathered to assess the growth of risks in the future, considering the area distribution and predictive time series of the landslide intensification. This analysis has identified engineering and geological areas having the greatest risk to human life.

Permeability Estimation From stoneley Waves in Carbonate Reservoirs

Permeability is one of the petrophysical properties of oil and gas reservoirs and is defined as the ability of rock to transmit fluids through the porous media. After exploration of any reservoir, permeability information is necessary to optimize the well completion method, oil and gas production and field development. Permeability is determined by both direct and indirect methods. Direct methods are core analysis, well testing, and modular dynamic tester (MDT) and the indirect method is using well logging data such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and porosity. Determination of permeability from the Stoneley slowness is one of the indirect and continuous methods in the whole well-bore and has been chosen as the goal of this study. The result of this correlation has been plotted against other well logging data and there is a very good match between this result and other petrophysical properties. Due to the complex nature of permeability in carbonate reservoirs, most of the time there is not a good match between this parameter and other petrophysical properties. This study has been conducted on the data of a single well and correlation has been determined. The results show that in calculation of permeability from Stoneley waves, the effective parameters are porosity, lithology, Stoneley slowness and accuracy of the MDT tool. For more precise correlation in a reservoir or a specific geological area, more data from other wells or reservoirs are necessary.

CORRIGENDUM

Hydrological ProcessesVolume 35, Issue 9 CORRIGENDUMFree Access CORRIGENDUM This article corrects the following: Condensation water in heritage touristic caves: Isotopic and hydrochemical data and a new approach for its quantification through image analysis Cristina Liñán, José Benavente, Yolanda del Rosal, Iñaki Vadillo, Lucía Ojeda, Francisco Carrasco, Volume 35Issue 5Hydrological Processes First Published online: May 27, 2021 First published: 22 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14355AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat In the referenced article, Liñán et al. (2021), the funding statement for the open access charge was missing from the published version of record. It has been added to Acknowledgements section which should now read as follows ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is the result from the studies performed by the Geology area of the General Project for Interdisciplinary Research of the Nerja Cave, which is specifically aimed at the conservation of the cavity. The project is financed by the Nerja Cave Foundation, coordinated by its Research Institute and authorized by the Consejería de Cultura (Junta de Andalucía). The authors thank GeoTranslations for revising the English text, Manuela Vega for her support with image analysis methodology and three anonymous reviewers who have contributed to improving this article. This work is a contribution to the Research Groups RNM-308 and RNM-126 of the Junta de Andalucía. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. REFERENCE Liñán, C., Benavente, J., del Rosal, Y., Vadillo, I., Ojeda, L., & Carrasco, F. (2021). Condensation water in heritage touristic caves: Isotopic and hydrochemical data and a new approach for its quantification through image analysis. Hydrological Processes, 35, e14083. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14083Wiley Online LibraryCASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume35, Issue9September 2021 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Characterization of Sb scaling and fluids in saline geothermal power plants: A case study for Germencik Region (Büyük Menderes Graben, Turkey)

Turkey is located on the seismically active Alpine-Himalayan belt. Although tectonic activity causes seismicity in the Anatolian plate, it also constitutes an important geothermal energy resource. Today, geothermal energy production is heavily concentrated in Turkey's Western Anatolia region. Graben systems in this region are very suitable for geothermal resources. The Büyük Menderes Graben (BMG) is an area of complex geology with active tectonics and high geothermal potential power. Germencik (Aydın) is located in the BMG, where the geothermal waters include mainly Na-Cl-HCO3 water types. This study examined the stibnite scaling formed in the preheater system of the Germencik Geothermal Field (GGF). The formation of the stibnite scaling on the preheater system dramatically reduces the energy harvesting of the GGF. Considering the stibnite scaling in the surface equipment, the optimum reinjection temperature was determined as 95 °C to prevent stibnite scaling in the GGF.

Occurrence, Origin and Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in High Geological Background Impacted Soil-crop Systems in Yunnan, China

ABSTRACT Excessive accumulation of trace elements (TEs) in farmland soil-crop systems is a severe threat to food safety impeding the sustainable development of the ecological environment. This study examined the concentration, pollution status, sources, and potential risk of five TEs (As, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr) in the soil-crop systems of the high geological background area of Lijiang, Yunnan, China. The average TE concentrations (mg·kg−1) in the farmland soils were as follows: Cr (185.3) > Zn (148.1) >Cu (92.4) >As (20.9) >Cd (0.4), exceeding the Chinese limit standards (GB15618-2017) by 29.1, 20.0, 38.2, 16.4, and 60.0%, respectively. The factor matrix analysis (PCA) and source identification study indicated that Cd, Cu, and Cr were the most prominent TEs mainly derived from the soil-forming parent material. However, compared with China’s food contaminants limit standard (GB 2762–2017), only Cr exceeded the food safety limit in all edible crops, especially in the leafy vegetable and rhizome crops, except the cereals. In addition, we established a univariate significant correlation model (R2 = 0.53854, P < .01) between soil Cr content and leafy vegetable Cr accumulation, and a trivariate significant correlation model (R 2 = 0.528, P < .01) of leafy crop Cr accumulation with soil Cr content, SOM, and pH. These data revealed that the soil TEs cumulative contamination in the high geological background area is a lighter risk to edible crops, and the accumulation of TEs in crops (especially leafy vegetables) is mainly from the soil TEs. Meanwhile, pH and SOM are the key factors that affect the bioavailability state of the soil TEs. Therefore, artificial adjustment of soil physicochemical properties could be a potential strategy for the safe utilization of TEs contaminated farmland soil under high geological background.

Sustainable development for underground mining of strategic industrial minerals: the geological and geotechnical modelling as a key factor. The case of the “Marmorino” mineral deposit (Sacile - NE Italy)

The growing industrial minerals demand, in the perspective of a sustainable development of mining activities, implies a strong orientation to underground operations in the near future. In complex geological areas, for the definition of a reliable 3D ore body model a methodological approach, aimed to improve geological and geotechnical model reliability allows a confident mineral deposit evaluation and a reliable mine design, or, in other terms, costs reduction, safety increase and mining project sustainability. The described method finds its maximum application in complex geological and structural contexts, such as the Valmadonna-Pedemonte “Marmorino” quarry.

Spatial Interpolation for the Distribution of Groundwater Level in an Area of Complex Geology Using Widely Available GIS Tools

Spatial Interpolation for the Distribution of Groundwater Level in an Area of Complex Geology Using Widely Available GIS Tools

Soil bioengineering in northeastern Brazil: An Overview

This article presents an overview of the application of soil bioengineering techniques, also modeled as natural engineering, in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil, showing the importance of integrating living and inert elements to protect river banks from erosion. The employed techniques are different, ranging from the characterization of susceptibility to erosion to the use of biotechniques, considering knowledge in the areas of agronomic engineering, forestry engineering, civil engineering, biology, pedology, geology, geomorphology and geotechnics. It is an approach that uses techniques and methodologies in a multidisciplinary way, seeking to maximize synergies (for example, natural engineering techniques to combine inert materials in ways that help plants to develop increasingly efficient systems). This approach also considers maintenance-cost optimization in the conduction of the works, using different materials, differing from traditional engineering, which uses predominantly inert materials. The research work carried out in different locations sought the availability of local materials such as rocks, geotextiles made from fibers from the native flora or even available on the market, in addition to the use of native species to recovery of the banks or slopes, according to the ecological conditions of the northeastern Brazil. Size and technological and ecological reach were also considered, in addition to different biotechnical aesthetic objectives adapted to different situations.

Evaluation of the technical options of radioactive waste management for utilization of MOX fuel: thermal impact of minor actinide separation with geological disposal of high-level waste

ABSTRACT The impact of disposal of mixed oxide (MOX) fuel from light water reactors (LWRs) has been considered from the viewpoint of the thermal properties and the number of the vitrified waste for various conditions of the nuclear fuel cycle. In addition, the effect of separation of the minor actinides (MAs) (Np, Am, Cm) that potentially influence the geological disposal area has been evaluated quantitatively. Review of the effect of MAs separation on heat generation in MOX fuel disposal has revealed that dedicated measures for thermal impact reduction need to be developed for the purpose of nuclear-fuel-cycle evaluation from the viewpoint of continuous utilization of Pu. Not only MA separation, but also the nuclear fuel cycle conditions, technical options, waste occupied area per waste package are strongly relevant to the thermal properties of the vitrified waste, and it is necessary to consider the combination of these factors together with the number of waste packages to progress the feasibility studies for geological disposal of MOX-LWR.

Arsenic and lead in soil: impacts on element mobility and bioaccessibility.

Long-term brown coal mining contributes to risk element contents in soils surrounding coal basins. However, there is a lack of bioaccessibility characterization of the risk elements in the soils at the impacted locations for estimation of the potential health risk, in relation to the effects of soil particle size and element origin. In this study, soils from different geological areas (geogenic vs. anthropogenic) were sampled around the Most brown coal basin, Czech Republic. These soils were passed through sieves to obtain seven aggregate size fractions. For an estimation of the oral bioaccessibility of As and Pb in the size fractions, the physiologically based extraction test was applied, whereas the potential pulmonary bioaccessibility of the elements was estimated by using both Gamble's and Hatch's tests. The results showed that the geochemical pattern of the investigated elements clearly separates the soil samples collected from the mountain region (mineralization from geogenic processes) from those of the basin region (extensive coal mining). For As, the results indicated that it poses higher risks in the anthropogenically affected basin region due to its higher gastro-intestinal and pulmonary bioaccessibility in soil samples in this area. A higher bioaccessibility of As in the soils was recorded in the finer grain size fractions, which are usually air-borne and can be easily ingested and/or inhaled, leading to potential health risks to humans and livestock. The opposite pattern, with a higher content on coarse particles, was recorded for Pb, indicating a potential risk of livestock in the non-forest mountainous areas.

An insect isoscape of UK and Ireland.

The study of insect migration is problematic due to the small size of insects. Stable isotope analysis can be used to elucidate movement, either by geographic assignment of location of a species, or by simply distinguishing migrant from resident populations. There are few isoscapes of any kind in the UK/Ireland available for interrogation. Thus, I have measured stable isotope ratios (of H, C, N and S) of 299 individuals of the non-migratory Brimstone moth (Opisthograptis luteolata) collected from 93 locations around the UK and Ireland by citizen scientists. After removing lipids, stable isotope ratios were measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry, using either a conventional elemental analyser (C, N and S) or a high-temperature, thermal conversion elemental analyser in reductive mode. Maps (isoscapes) were constructed that illustrate the stable isotope spatial distribution of this insect. These are the first isoscapes of H, C, N and S of biological samples covering both UK and Ireland. The insect isoscape patterns can be explained from what we know of moth diet, climate and geology. Sulfur isotopes may be of particular use for distinguishing individuals from areas of unique geology. Isoscape patterns may (with care) predict isotope compositions of other, herbivorous, non-aquatic, chitinous taxa. Such isoscapes, when extended beyond the UK and Ireland, would provide a useful tool to elucidate insect migration.

A computational tool for hydrosedimentological and statistical calculations

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new computational tool called NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC which performs hydrosedimentological and statistical calculations using Visual Basic. This computational tool was developed for studies related to calculations of sediment transport in rivers. The tool includes hydrosedimentological methods for calculating suspension loads, bed loads, and total solid discharge. In addition, it provides the user with the possibility of performing statistical tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, F test and χ2 test of variance, Student's t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and statistical parameter calculations. The NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC automatically calculates and provides the main results for each of the methods, allowing the user to draw their own conclusions. This proposed computational tool supports hydrosedimentological studies, and is reliable and easy to use, contributing to the reduction of sediment-related problems in the areas of hydraulic engineering, geology, and soil and water conservation. Furthermore, this tool may be used in transdisciplinary scientific areas for complete planning and management of water resources.

Selective colonization after storm events in a delta environment: applied ichnology from the early Miocene of Taiwan

The sedimentological and palaeoecological interpretation of early Miocene age shallow marine deposits from one of the most emblematic geological areas of Taiwan – Yehliu peninsula – is not easy to approach in detail, and several contrasting proposals can be found in the literature. The present ichnological study helps to corroborate a delta environment as the most likely palaeoenvironmental setting, and to recognize the different sub-environments and hydrodynamic processes involved. The distal delta front displays the greatest trace fossil diversity, assigned to the Cruziana ichnofacies, including Ophiomorpha, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Rosselia, Schaubcylindrichnus, Scolicia, Thalassinoides and vertical equilibrium adjustment structures. The delta front records predominantly vertical traces attributable to the Skolithos ichnofacies. Amalgamated shell beds (most likely related to storm events) show concentrations of broken bivalve shells. After storm a selective colonization is interpreted, firstly by bioerosive tracemakers during times of decreasing sedimentation rate, followed by a dominance of trophic generalists such as those producing Ophiomorpha during post-storm sedimentation.

A shared pottery-making tradition? Early Roman Ware 1 from Cartagena and Elche (Spain)

The so-called Early Roman Ware 1, identified by P. Reynolds in the Alicante region, was widely distributed in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The presence of this ware in Elche (Alicante) and Valencia opened the possibility that it was widely distributed across the region. Indeed, it has been considered as a possible regional product of the area of Valencia. In Cartagena (ancient Carthago Nova), where our study concentrated originally, ERW1 is relatively common in 2nd and 3rd century CE contexts and has been considered as a local product. The question here is whether the ERW1 detected in Cartagena is the same as known in the Elche and Valencia regions? Were they the product of the same workshop or production center and subsequently distributed across the region? Or do we have several production centers, sharing a technological tradition but operating in different areas?To explore this problem, we have initially characterized 29 samples from this Early Roman Ware 1 found in Cartagena (Murcia) and Elche (Alicante), using a combination of analytical techniques. WD-XRF was used for the chemical characterization, XRD for the mineralogical characterization, and, finally, optical microscopy of thin-sections was applied to investigate the petrographic features. The results of the petrographic characterization indicate the existence of a major petrographic fabric group sharing compositional features. Chemistry reveals a slightly more complex picture. One sample originates in an area of metamorphic geology, possibly in Cartagena, while the other samples, although their provenance is still unknown, most probably originated elsewhere, exploiting kaolinitic clays.

3D simulation of a giant oilfield in calcareous formations and scrutiny study of the interaction of the calculated parameters (Asmari formation in Maroon oilfield, Iran)

Simulation is an art to model the reservoir’s structure in the petroleum industry, which transfers all possible data digitally to the reservoir management system’s suitable computation software. The present study attempts to construct a 3D structural model using the geostatistical method to access in situ oil volume and the best oil production position. The geological area is the Maroon oilfields located at Dezful Embayment in southwest of Iran. In this oilfield, the Asmari reservoir is divided into ten zones. Several steps such as griding, kriging, and experimental variogram were carried out to access all available data to make up the model. The evaluation revealed that zones one and five were the main oil-bearing layers since it contains about 60% of total oil volume in this field. Petrophysical parameter distribution indicated that zones four and seven are good candidates for oil production since they have higher porosity and net to growth thickness than other zones. From the seventh to the tenth zone, the oil volume decreased due to high water saturation in these areas. The best zones for the future program are located in the western part. This study shows that 3D modeling will find elongation-type anticline and reservoir direction and the best location for future drilling programs based on the interaction of the petrographic parameters. The results can be used in various steps during the lifetime of the different reservoirs around the globe.

LEHER - LOW-COST ENHANCED HYDRO-NAVIGATION SYSTEM ENSURING REAL-TIME MONITORING OF SHIPS WITH THE HELP OF RASPBERRY PI, ROCKBLOCK 9603 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION MODULE AND A COUPLE OF OTHER SENSORS

Wrecks are by and large caused because of carelessness in route. As we probably are aware route includes human move in this way mishappen is consistently an opportunity. To decrease this, it is our answer to make a self-governing route-able boat utilizing 'Global Positioning System' support. Latitude and longitude coordinates will allow the boat to decide its precise area on the water body. The coordinates of the destination will be pre-loaded before the flight of the boat. A fanciful way will be resolved between the boat's area and the last area. A magnetometer sensor will be utilized to clarify the geological area of the boat itself to guide the navigation. If there should arise an occurrence of any capricious snag shows up on the radar the boat will be prepared to make an impermanent way to stay away from the deterrent. In the wake of passing the impediment, it will keep on after the recently decided way by following back to the directions that were fixed during setting the last objective directions. The Rockblock 9603 Satellite Communication Module is a special GPS module that can be utilized to send short burst information to the Iridium satellite and back to earth. We will utilize this module to set up a solid association of the boat to the control room. Besides, this module will help us cause the boat to explore independently, with no human intercession.

IN MEMORY OF ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE PETRO FEODOSIYOVYCH GOZHYK

The article illuminates life and scientific heritage of Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine P.F. Gozhyk and demonstrates the contribution and significance of his works for the development of various areasof geology.

Translating Methods of English Geological Terms and The Problem of Computer Lexicography

In recent years, much attention has been paid to teaching ESP (English for Specific Purposes), since the study of texts, with their terminology, increases the motivation of the student, replenishes the vocabulary that will be useful in a future profession. When expanding the research topic, the work of scientists who studied the translation of geological terms in different years was analyzed, the names of some minerals were selected, their morphological structure was studied, and compared with the translation. The results of the study showed that to date in Uzbekistan there are no electronic dictionaries on geological terms. Therefore, we believe that in universities where there are areas of geology, we should pay the attention of teachers of foreign languages to teaching English for special purposes, and conduct their research in accordance with this specialty