Geological Anomalies Research Articles

Ensuring Seismic Safety of Underground Mines During Blasting Operations in Combined Surface-Underground Deposit Development

At present, there are no standard methods for assessing seismic safety of underground mines during blasting on the earth’s surface. The need for such assessments arises when underground mines are located near open-pit coal mines, when the mine fields development is continued into the open pit, and when open surface coal mines use highwall miners. The issues of assessing seismic safety can be complicated by the lack of experimental data on vibration parameters, for example, if the answer is already required at the stage of new mines designing. The paper also provides an analysis of experimental data, including the results of monitoring the state of underground mines during seismic impacts of varying degrees of intensity. It is shown that the spread of the observed PPV, at which local damage or deformation of the underground mines has taken place, attains high values. In the absence of such data for underground mines in specific mining and geological conditions, it is recommended that the maximum allowable PPV vпр be assigned taking into account the class of underground mines and the type of support. At the same time, it is noted that the recommended vпр values given in the literature relate to the openings that were driven in the solid without geological disturbances and anomalies; not deviating from regulatory requirements regarding the state of workings; in the absence of danger of groundwater breakthrough; in the absence of danger of gas-dynamic phenomena, and other negative factors. If this is not the case, according to the requirements of the Federal norms and rules of industrial safety, the seismic safety distance should be increased by 2 times. This requirement is equivalent to multiplying the maximum permissible vibration velocity by a decreasing coefficient k=2b, where the power of two is the regression parameter b obtained from the experimental data processing.

Advanced detection and analysis of inclined shaft passing through aquifer in the mine of western China

The thick sandstone aquifer of the Cretaceous Yijun formation is rich in water and poor in predictability. Under this circumstance, the issue of the main inclined shaft of the mine in western China has been studied. Then, the comprehensive geophysical method is used in the field for advanced exploration and prediction. Based on the mine transient electromagnetic method and direct current resistivity method, the comprehensive advanced detection is carried out. Furthermore, the low resistance area in front is determined, the geological anomaly position and characteristics in front of the head are judged, and the water rich area of the detection is qualitatively evaluated, which provides support for the formulation of production technology scheme. The driving construction verification shows that the result of comprehensive geophysical exploration is basically consistent with the actual one of the shaft, and the detection accuracy of the relatively rich water area reaches over 80% which demonstrates that the comprehensive geophysical exploration method can be effectively applied into the construction of inclined shaft driving.

GPR surveys for the prevention of karst risk in underground gypsum quarries

The investigation and prediction of geological anomalies in underground quarries is fundamental to ensure safety, efficiency and economic convenience of the exploitation. For these aims, non-destructive geophysical surveys may be an effective alternative approach to classical destructive prospecting techniques (i.e. horizontal drilling), with great advantages particularly in complex geological frameworks and in areas subjected to specific geo-hazards. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), for its high resolution, is a suitable technique for underground excavations, particularly for the identification of water bodies, fissures and fractured rocks. The present study is focused on the application of GPR for the prediction of karst structures in underground gypsum quarries. Karst phenomenon is a main risk factor for gypsum orebodies, where large cavities may be intersected by the excavation. The possible filling with clay or pressurized water of these cavities exponentially increases the dangerousness of the phenomenon, due to swelling problems and violent water inrushes. The aim of the present study is to propose, through modelling and field surveys, a description of GPR outputs for principal elements of karst hazard in gypsum bodies, with particular attention to the discrimination of fillings (air, water or clay).

Multi-sparsity-based spectral attributes for discontinuity detection

Structural and stratigraphic discontinuities, such as faults and channels, generally contribute to the construction of traps and reservoirs. Spectral decomposition can utilize the sensitivities of different frequency components to different geological conditions to identify these geological anomalies. The sparse inverse spectral decomposition (SISD) involves a sparse constraint of time–frequency spectra, and one critical parameter is the sparsity which determines the time–frequency resolution. A small sparsity gives a low temporal resolution result that cannot be used for thin-bed detection. Conversely, a large sparsity provides a high-resolution result, but it may lose weak reflection signals. The complex geological conditions in the subsurface will lead to some difficulties in detecting the discontinuities by using the SISD method with a fixed sparsity. To address this issue, we propose multi-sparsity-based spectral attributes by fusing the amplitude spectra results of three different sparsities to detect subsurface discontinuities. Compared with the fixed sparsity, the multi-sparsity-based spectral attributes can detect more geological details and highlight geological edges more clearly. The application on a 3D real data with an area of 230 km2 from deep formation in Northwest China exhibits its effectiveness in discontinuity detection. The proposed method can detect the weak or small hidden geological details more and better than the fixed sparsity method, suggesting that it may serve as a future tool for detecting the distribution of geological abnormalities in subsurface.

Quantifying the influence of failure surface asperities on the basal shear resistance of translational landslides

For active landslides, drained shear strength is often determined from either a forensic slope stability analysis or laboratory residual shear testing. Both analyses often yield different shear strength values, often attributed to the complex, micro-scale behavior of the sheared material. However, subsurface asperities, such as cobbles, boulders, discontinuities, steps, and other geologic anomalies, may also influence the effective resistance realized along a highly sheared slip surface, thus influencing slope stability, and consequently landslide forensics. In this study, the influence of subsurface irregularities on effective mobilized residual shear strength, ϕr, and shear resistance from basal asperities, ϕa, is considered for idealized geometry under plane strain and three-dimensional conditions. The results demonstrate that even a modest presence of subsurface asperities may impart significant shear resistance, effectively reducing the drained residual shear strength that yields equilibrium. These effects are amplified when three-dimensional asperities are considered. There are significant uncertainties towards actually quantifying the geometry of subsurface asperities; however, this study highlights the potential role that such anomalies may impart on shear strength calculations in slope stability.

Reservoir characterisation method with multi-component seismic data by unsupervised learning and colour feature blending

ABSTRACTMulti-attribute analysis of multi-component seismic data can provide abundant information on seismic hydrocarbon reservoirs. It can exploit the different responses of compressional and shear waves to the reservoir, in conjunction with colour blending and fusion technology applied to seismic images, to enable the human eye to better discriminate features in seismic data, thereby improving the accuracy of reservoir characterisation. The integration of multi-component data and sophisticated visualisation techniques helps to reduce the number of possible models of the reservoir. Thus, we designed a reservoir prediction method based on unsupervised learning and colour feature blending. First, a large number of compressional and shear wave seismic attributes were extracted using cluster analysis to conduct unsupervised learning to optimise the attributes. Then, using the different responses of compressional and shear waves to oil and gas, and an understanding of rock physics, three types of composite attribute were constructed to highlight oil and gas anomalies by multi-component seismic attributes. Finally, the three composite attributes were transformed to the colour space by a first-order linear transformation and RGB colour blending. Applying this scheme to reservoir prediction shows that unsupervised learning and colour blending techniques could help the human eye perceive geological anomalies, highlight common hydrocarbon characteristics, reduce differences and decrease interpretation ambiguity. The prediction results are essentially consistent with actual data and can be used to predict favourable exploration areas.

Applications of the trend-match attribute for interpreting seismic velocity data

A seismic velocity model is one of the products generated from a seismic imaging project. Recent advances in velocity modeling techniques have significantly improved the quality of seismic velocity data. Yet, the use of seismic velocity to guide geologic interpretations is still limited. This is mainly due to the overwhelming effect of compaction and the low-resolution nature of the seismic velocity model. Geologic boundaries and anomalies are often difficult to visualize from seismic velocity data alone. A new attribute called the trend-match attribute is proposed to reveal changes in velocity compaction trends from seismic velocity. The attribute is computed by comparing seismic velocity data with the regional velocity depth trends defined for different lithofacies using wells. We applied the trend-match attribute on several case studies to facilitate stratigraphic interpretation, horizon mapping, and erosion thickness estimation. Integration of the trend-match attribute volume with migrated seismic images can further constrain the geologic and stratigraphic interpretation at a regional scale.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Soft Tissues of Bivalve Mollusks from Natural Lakes in Eastern Sikhote-Alin (Russia) and the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)

The concentrations of seven heavy metals (HMs) in tissues of bivalve mollusks of the families Unionidae (genera Ensidens, Scabies, Kunashiria) and Cyrenidae (genus Corbicula) and from four natural lakes located on the eastern slope of Sikhote Alin (Primorskii krai, Russian Far East) and the Mekong River delta (Vietnam) were determined. It was established that the HM concentrations in the bivalve mollusks studied, inhabiting unpolluted water reservoirs, are specific for every family and do not depend on the geographical positions of the lakes. They decrease in the following order: Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd > Pb for Unionidae, and Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni ≥ Cd > Pb for Cyrenidae (Corbicula). It is likely that deviations from the revealed sequence are due to anthropogenic pollution of lakes with some metals or the occurrence of a natural geological anomaly.

Electromagnetic Response Characteristics Research on Mine Different Geological Body

A large number of experimental research of the mine transient electromagnetic method was used to collect typical geological anomaly experience card cases in Jin Cheng mine, such as structure, mined-out area etc. In order to achieve fine detection to geologic abnormal body, some card cases were analyzed by the electromagnetic response multi-parameter curves to identify electromagnetic response characteristics of different geologic abnormal body; Another card cases were showed all kinds of the visualization figures distinguished easily to distribution and characteristics of explain geologic abnormal body, such as structure, the mine mined-out area and contains water etc. The results show that: if there was the overall relatively low potential value, high apparent resistivity value, and the potential and apparent resistivity curves appeared to jump ups and downs, it was the typical electrical identification characteristics of no water bearing structure or goaf; If there was the overall relatively high potential value, low apparent resistivity value, and potential and apparent resistivity curve was smooth attenuation, and the inversion depth was smaller than the normal strata, it was a typical electrical characteristics of water bearing structure or goaf.

The stability and roof-support optimization of roadways passing through unfavorable geological bodies using advanced detection and monitoring methods, among others, in the Sanmenxia Bauxite Mine in China’s Henan Province

The safety and stability of roadways is greatly influenced by the complex geological conditions present in the Sanmenxia Bauxite Mine, Henan Province, China. In this study, based on data from field survey, advanced detection methods, numerical studies, and monitoring studies, we have adopted the method of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete to improve the excavation rate of roadways and guarantee the safety of the tunnel when it passes through unfavorable geological bodies, such as shale rocks and broken argillaceous limestone. Field surveys showed that the stability of roof rocks is the major problem faced by engineers; however, tunnel construction using cast-in-situ concrete, which is the method currently applied, costs too much time, resulting in an excavation rate that is too slow to meet the requirements of the Sanmenxia Bauxite Mine. Here, we propose an optimized scheme which, when combined with numerical simulations and data from advanced detection techniques and field monitoring surveys, can improve the efficiency of roadway roof support. During the implementation of the new scheme, the geological anomalies ahead of the working face were detected in advance. It is assumed that the supporting effect of the steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete is equivalent to that of the cast-in-situ concrete as long as a certain thickness is reached. Moreover, the steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete has better mechanical properties than cast-in-situ concrete and achieves a better combination effect with surrounding rock masses. Based on geological conditions and numerical results, the shotcrete should be thickest in the middle area along the roadway axis passing through the unfavorable geological bodies, and gradually become less thick from the middle to both ends. Field tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the scheme. The monitoring results show that the roadway passing through broken argillaceous limestone was stable after being supported by shotcrete (at least 80 mm); its thickness should reach at least about 120 mm when passing through shale rock mass. The results indicate that the use of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete can considerably shorten the construction time compared with cast-in-situ concrete support. The scheme has proved to be a feasible, economical, and time-saving method for underground excavation in the Sanmenxia Bauxite Mine.

A new geophysical exploration method based on electrical resistivity to detect underground utility lines and geological anomalies: Theory and field demonstrations

Although ground investigation had carried out prior to the construction, many problems have arisen during the civil-engineering works because of the presence of the unexpected underground utility lines or anomalies. In this study, a new geophysical exploration method was developed to solve those problems by improving and supplementing the existing methods. This new method was based on the difference of electrical resistance values between anomalies and surrounding ground medium. A theoretical expression was suggested to define the characteristics of the anomalies such as location, size and direction, by applying the electric field analysis. An inverse analysis algorithm was also developed to solve the theoretical expression using the measured electrical resistance values which were generated by the voltage flowing the subsurface medium. To verify the developed method, field applications were conducted at the sites under construction or planned. From the results of the field tests, it was found that not only the new method was more predictive than the existing methods, but its results were good agreed with the measured ones. Therefore, it is expected that application of the new exploration method reduces the unexpected accidents caused by the underground uncertainties during the underground construction works.

Fine Imaging by Using Advanced Detection of Reflected Waves in Underground Coal Mine

Safety of the mine roadway constructions is controlled by geological disasters such as faults, goaves and so on. The advanced prediction has become an in-demand topic, and advanced detection method of the reflected wave is a crucial technology for advanced prediction of geological anomalies. However, due to the influence of the complex near-source seismic wavefield in the coal mine roadway, the result of wavefield separation and migration imaging is not accurate, which lead to the fact that the fine imaging of geological anomaly is difficult. A comparative analysis of wavefield separation method of kinematics and dynamics is carried out in this paper to solve this problem. A factor of principal polarization direction is introduced according to “the orthogonal difference between the propagation direction of P-wave and S-wave and the vibration direction of particle” starting from the real-time polarization analysis from three-component seismic signals. By the factor, a modified function is constructed and integrated into pre-stack diffraction migration, which put forward the polarization migration method that incorporates wavefield separation with migration imaging. The results of physical simulation and field survey in Xiangyuan coal mine in western China are as follows: The fine imaging by using advanced detection of the reflected waves in underground coal mine can be achieved by using polarization migration in linear observation system and the polarization migration has the effect of enhancing the spatial resolution.

The First Discovery of Low-temperature Rhyolite Melts in Cenozoic Long-lived Bazman Volcano, East Iran; Some Problems and Discussion

The igneous rocks, some geological specifics, and also the very melt inclusions in Late Cenozoic rhyolites were studied in the long-lived Miocene (N1, ca. 20 Ma) - Late Quaternary (Q3?) Bazman volcano, eastern Iran. Unusual low temperature (ca. 690o C) silicate melt inclusions in quartz (Qtz) with a High/very High water content (from average 6.9 to 8.2 (up to 9.0 as a limit) wt% H2O) in the acid rocks were defined by independent methods for the first time. Whole-rock chemistry of the melts studied is similar to ones in subduction-related acid melts from different regions. Rhyolites studied sometimes have higher concentration of ore elements, similar to ones in even basites. Ore inheritance from economic porphyry – PCD (Cu-Au +- Mo) Paleogene (mainly Eocene - Pg2) mineralization and deposits in the region is proposed. Geological anomaly of the whole region is proposed by a complex analysis. This anomaly is maybe responsible for anomalous magmatism due to a known tomography data (since Paleocene (Pg1), as minimum), tectonics, metallogeny (including economic one), and maybe - hydrocarbons (HC, oil - gas) activity.

ON SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY ALGORITHM TO PREDICT DISCONTINUITIES IN COAL SEAMS

The article describes the algorithm for seismic imaging data processing that enables detecting and evaluating geological anomalies based on the system of specific criteria. Employing the algorithm we can complete the process of profile record, amplitude and velocity spectra computation, filtering and imaging of T-X curves. Subsequently computation and statistical processing of kinematic and dynamic parameters are made in the selected velocity windows. The main procedures for the algorithm include tomographic recovery of wavefield parameters in the plane of extraction panel, detection and interpretation of anomalous zones based on the prediction criteria to determine type of the discontinuity. There is a good reason that tomography in the plane of extraction panel shall be made in velocity windows of the dedicated wavetrains step by step for the main informative parameters. Analysis of the velocity distribution for the amplitude module maximum provides high accuracy when it comes to detect anomalous zones. This parameter is marked by relative independence on chance factors. Analysis of typical wavetrain frequency shift is determining factor indicative not only of the discontinuity but also of its type. Recording of wavetrain amplitude distribution is characterized by high accuracy in terms of anomalous zone detection. However, recording is complicated by dependence on a host of chance factors. The other parameters have much lesser quality and can be used as auxiliary. The algorithm is implemented into software capable to computerize most time-consuming operations. Use of this algorithm is illustrated as a case study for the results of data analysis and interpretation for seismic exploration at 37К10-В longwall panel section in Kuzembaev Mine (Kazakhstan).

Breakthrough and significance of technology on internal multiple recognition and suppression: A case study of Sinian Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan Basin, SW China

Abstract Aimed at the serious mismatch between the synthetic seismogram and the real data of the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the GS1 well area, Sichuan Basin, four aspects of internal multiples identification and suppression were studied. Firstly, a forward modeling method of internal multiple based on reflectivity method was developed. Through eight means such as post-stack and pre-stack forward modeling of internal multiple, and combined with VSP data, it was demonstrated that well-seismic mismatching in this area is mainly caused by the internal multiples. Secondly, the simulation results of internal multiple forward modeling using the stripping method combined with the internal multiple periodicity analysis showed that four groups of overburden layers with velocity inversion were the main sources of the internal multiples. Thirdly, by identifying internal multiples accurately and using suppression technology based on pattern recognition, an effective and replicable suppression scheme suitable for these formations was established, overcoming the difficulty of the small speed difference between internal multiple and primary reflection wave which makes the current methods ineffective. Fourthly, an evaluation index of internal multiple intensity was proposed, and the internal multiple intensity distribution diagram of the fourth member of Dengying Formation (Deng-4 Member) in Gaoshiti-Moxi area was compiled. This scheme greatly improved the well-seismic match, and the strata sedimentary features are clearer on the new seismic profiles with higher lateral resolution, with which smaller faults and geological anomalies can be identified and a series of the bead reflections in the Dengying Formation are first discovered. The coincidence rate of reservoir prediction based on seismic waveform classification was increased from 60% to 90%, and that of hydrocarbon detection based on dual phase medium theory was increased from 70% to 100%.

Integrated Approach for Lithological Classification Using ASTER Imagery in a Shallowly Covered Region—The Eastern Yanshan Mountain of China

This paper studied the applicability of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for lithological classification in the shallowly covered Eastern Yanshan Mountain of Eastern China. The interpreted objects include quartz sandstone, carbonate rock, gneiss, and andesite. An integrated approach was employed to process the remote sensing data: First, the matched filtering method, accompanied by the ASTER library and imagery spectra as reference, was used to enhance the targeted information, namely the remotely visible (typical) rock outcrops. As the andesite is frequently weathered to iron-rich minerals in the field, so the high-resolution SPOT6 3/1 image, instead of the ASTER image, was used to locate the outcrops. Second, the fractal digital number-frequency algorithm was developed to preliminarily extract the lithology anomaly patches; and the obtained geological anomalies were generalized into three types: anomalies related to outcrops, anomalies caused by different forms of the same lithology, and random noise. Third, digital elevation model derived slope masks, in combination with the spatial intersection operation, was used to eliminate the pseudo-outcrop anomalies and noise. Finally, the accuracy assessment was conducted by referencing the local rock-outcrop database, and the misclassification rates for quartz sandstone, carbonate rock, gneiss, and andesite are 8.9%, 12.5%, 23%, and 48.3%, respectively. This study has contributed a useful case study for remote-sensing lithology mapping in shallowly covered areas, and the proposed method should have a great potential to be applied to many similar cases.

Three-component polarization migration of channel waves for prediction ahead of coal roadway

When excavating roadways in coal mining, it is critical to predict any geological anomalies that lie ahead of the excavation in advance. Channel waves can be used for this purpose; however, the mirror imaging artefacts in the diffraction migration of channel waves must be overcome. When mixed with a Rayleigh channel wave, the polarization migration of a two-component Love channel wave is no longer possible. In this paper, the polarization situations in three-dimensional channel waves are comprehensively summarized and a new three-component channel wave polarization migration technique is proposed to remedy the deficiencies in current migration methods. The proposed technique has directional selectivity and filters out other interfering waves during the migration process, eliminates the artificial mirror phenomenon, and provides a higher imaging accuracy than other methods. However, the polarization of three-component channel waves is very complex. For example, the fundamental mode of a Rayleigh channel wave in the center of a coal seam is vertical-linearly polarized instead of elliptically polarized. In addition, the Love and Rayleigh channel waves mix easily as the group velocities of their fundamental modes are similar, and separating these necessitates the use of a special polarization filter. When two types of channel waves mix, a suitable polarization filter can be applied to suppress one or the other; however, this can produce two migration images of Love and Rayleigh channel waves. The most economical and practical means to overcome this is to record the two horizontal components at the center of the coal seam using a Love channel wave polarization migration that is independent of the Rayleigh channel wave. The proposed method was validated by way of a numerical simulation, and the results confirmed its superiority over conventional methods.

Application of Multi Attributes for Feasibility Study of Fractures and Structural Anomalies in Malaysian Basin

There have been lots of efforts to study the geological characteristics and structure of the Malaysian Basin. Faults and fractures are of great importance due to the role they can play affecting different phases of a hydrocarbon prospect life from exploration through production and even abandonment. Carbonate build-ups are another type of significant geological anomalies in the area; because they are proved to be promising prospects. Application of seismic attributes on three dimensional seismic data has been proved to be useful in the study of such features. Each attribute is based on certain property of the seismic data which itself is the result of relevant geological phenomena. In this paper, different seismic attributes that can emphasize on the aforementioned geological anomalies are used in Malaysian Basin. Based on the results and their comparison, it is seen that combination of the results of different attributes can provide a much more convenient outcome.

Principal time constant map, a more accurate mapping tool for helicopter TEM data

Time constant maps are widely used as a preliminary interpreting tool and effective means for data quality assessment in helicopter transient electromagnetic (HTEM) surveys. It can be used to quickly and qualitatively indicate the distribution of geological anomalies. A new time constant method, called Principal Time Constant (PTC) method, is proposed in this paper which directly processed the linear sampled data and can provide an unbiased estimation of time constant compared with the traditional methods, Apparent Time Constant (ATC) method and Sliding Time Constant (STC) method. In order to estimate the performance and stability of these three methods, Monte Carlo simulations have been used with different signal to noise ratios. The simulation results show that the time constant estimated by the PTC method is closer to the true value than that by the ATC and STC methods and the variance of time constant evaluated by the PTC method is closer to the Cramer-Rao Low Boundary, which shows that the PTC method has the most stable performance in the time constant estimation. To verify the effectiveness of the PTC method, a field survey was conducted in Inner Mongolia by the HTEM system for measured data. The time constant maps, produced by different methods respectively, are consistent with the local geology of the survey area in general. However, the map produced by the PTC method has a higher contrast of the time constant value for different targets and shows better consistency with the geological map. The following quantitative insight of resistivity-depth slice also verifies the features revealed in the time constant map, which proves the effectiveness of the time constant map produced by the PTC method.

Extraction of Mineralization-Related Anomalies from Gravity and Magnetic Potential Fields for Mineral Exploration Targeting: Tongling Cu(–Au) District, China

Extraction of mineralization-related anomalies for mineral exploration targeting lies in the interpretation of geological anomalies that indicate favorable ore-forming criteria and major ore-controlling criteria from potential field data, based on the metallogenic model of a study area. The integrated geophysical methods of bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition and power spectrum analysis were applied to Bouguer gravity and original airborne magnetic data to extract (or decompose) multisource geological anomalies and estimate approximate depths of those anomalies for further interpreting multisource mineralization-related anomalies in the Tongling Cu(–Au) district of China. The results (i.e., decomposed anomaly components for interpretation) can be briefly summarized as follows: (1) high-frequency components (i.e., gravity component BIMFG1 and magnetic component BIMFM1) depict the beaded-cyclic distribution of deposit-scale geological anomalies (~ 3 to 4 km deep), indicating shallow subsurface intrusions including dykes, stocks and apophysis; (2) intermediate-frequency components (i.e., gravity component BIMFG2, BIMFG3 and magnetic component BIMFM2) depict the interaction of magmatism and major NE-trending capping structures at shallow upper-crust (~ 6 to 8 km deep), both of which comprise the tectonic–magmatic–metallogenic system in the Tongling Cu(–Au) district; (3) intermediate-low-frequency components (i.e., gravity component BIMFG4 and magnetic component BIMFM3) further verify the coupling mechanism of major capping structures and magmatism at middle upper-crust (~ 9 km deep), indicating the trend and distribution of magma chambers expanding toward depths; (4) low-frequency components (i.e., gravity component ResG and magnetic component ResM), generally seen as the background information, depict district-scale structures and the distribution of magma chamber at depths. By combining above-mentioned geophysical features and the dataset of Cu(–Au) deposits in the study area, three target zones associated with district-scale structures can be identified. Target zone (I) is distributed along the Tongguanshan anticline, and two other target zones [i.e., zone (II) and zone (III)] are distributed along the Yongcunqiao–Shujiadian anticline. Similar geological and mineralization-related anomalies, represented by above-mentioned target zones, provide exploration targeting criteria for mineral exploration in the study area.