Geoinformation Approach Research Articles

Preliminary Results of Satellite SAR Monitoring of Oil Spills in the Barents Sea

Analyzed are the preliminary results of satellite radar monitoring of oil spills in the Barents Sea. For the first time on a regular basis, it took place in 2015 – 2016 using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the European Space Agency’ Sentinel-1A satellite. To effectively analyze radar data used geoinformation (GIS) approach, in which on-line GIS or geoportal based on GeoMixer technology, a large volume of oceanographic, physical-geographical and industrial information about the water basin has been collected, including on oil and gas infrastructure and the vulnerability of the coasts, have been used. With the use of new approaches and methods of analysis and data automatic ship identification systems it is shown that main source of oil spills with area from 0.5 to 90 km 2 is a cargo shipping and fishing. Summary maps of detected and mapped oil spills in 2015 – 2016 are presented and discussed.

INTEGRATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGY FOR FUZZY-DETERMINISTIC MODELING CONDITIONS OF FORMATION AND OPERATION KEGEYLI GROUNDWATER IS ABSTRACTED

Offers scientific and methodological basics for application of fuzzy-deterministic simulation geofiltration processes in single layers on the basis of the application of GIS technology in terms of dominance fuzzy initial information. GIS model of Kegeyli withdrawal of groundwater (KWGV) is carried out on the basis of software including ArcGIS (ArcCatalog, ArcMap). The problems of a situational analysis of the results clearly-deterministic simulation. The proposed information model and information model KWGV filtration process to ensure that the relationship between the object model and the geofiltration, represented as a system of fuzzy-deterministic two-dimensional (quasi three-dimensional) nonlinear differential equations filtering and organizing computational experiments (CE). In this context, discusses aspects of geoinformation approach in the process of fuzzy-deterministic simulation of operating conditions Kegeyli abstraction of groundwater. It is proposed software system that focuses on the study of hydro geological objects, both local and regional scale using data from heterogeneous. Formalization of fuzzy algorithms parameters of underground hydrosphere, the relationship abstraction of groundwater and its model. The algorithms select the solution in the formation and exploitation of groundwater resources, the principles of the information model of the region of the filtering process. The results of solving the problem of formalization of parameters and forecast the state of groundwater Kegeyli withdrawals of groundwater.

Oil seeps in the southeastern Black Sea studied using satellite synthetic aperture radar images

One of the tasks being completed while oil pollution monitoring in the Black Sea, was a study of natural seepage. Two known oil seeps are located in the southeastern section, the Georgian sector, from which crude oil enters the marine environment. The archives of European Space Agency and ScanEx Research and Development Center have a considerable quantity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired in 1993–2011 by the ERS-1/2, Envisat, and Radarsat-1 satellites, on which seep oil slicks are clearly visible in this region. Processing of the collected SAR images with detected slicks in combination with the geoinformation approach has revealed a link of these slicks with the bottom sources on the local sedimentary structure in the Southeast Black Sea; their analysis provides both new insight into this phenomenon and new information to help understand nature of these oil seeps. On the basis of an analysis of collected SAR images and detailed bathymetric data, information on the source positions on the bottom and estimates of oil volumes entering the sea surface are obtained.

A geo-information system approach for forest fire likelihood based on causative and anti-causative factors

Innumerable forest fire spread models exist for taking a decision, but far less focus is on the real causative factors which initiate/ignite fire in an area. It has been observed that the majority of the forest fires in India are initiated due to anthropogenic factors. In this study, we develop a geo-information system approach for management of forest fire in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India, with the objective to develop a forest fire likelihood model, integrating GIS and knowledge-based approach for predicting fire-sensitive initiation areas considering major causative and anti-causative factors. Amongst the various causative factors investigated, it was found that wildlife-dependent factor (antler collection and poaching) contributed significantly to fire occurrence followed by management-dependent factors (uncontrolled tourism and grazing), with much less influence of demographic factors. Similarly, anti-causative factor (stationing of anti-poaching/ fire camps) was considered as quite significant.The likelihood model so developed, envisaging various factors and flammability, accounted for different scenarios as a result of pair-wise comparison on an ordinal scale in a knowledge matrix. The inferential statistics computed indicated the robustness of the model and its insensitivity to moderate changes. It makes it possible for this forest fire likelihood model to predict and prevent a forest fire in an effective and scientific manner because it can assume forest fire likelihood in real time and present in proper time.

Geoinformation technology for assessment of accidental chemical pollution

A system for the assessment of accidents from chemical pollution in the atmosphere was developed and the first version of a prototype has been completed. The geoinformation approach to this problem considered in this paper uses the mathematical models and methodological developments for the assessment of hazardous chemical zones dimensions. The zones are represented on a computer map of the region's territory. The system's structure and system's components are described in the paper. An example of a hazardous accident pollution zone determination is given.