Population Geography Research Articles

An Areal Approach to Spatial Accessibility Analysis

Place‐based spatial accessibility quantifies the distribution of access to goods and services across space. The Two‐Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) family of methods have become a default tool for spatial accessibility analysis in part due to their intuitive approach and interpretability. This family of methods relies on calculating catchment areas around supply locations to estimate the area and population that may utilize them. However, these “catchment areas” are generally defined by origin‐destination matrices of travel‐time, giving us point‐to‐point distances and not polygons with actual area. This means that population geographies (census tracts, blocks, etc.) are binarily included or excluded, with no room for partial inclusion. When using nongranular data, which is often the case due to data privacy restrictions, this has the potential to cause significant errors in accessibility measurements. In this article, we propose Areal 2SFCA: a new approach that considers the area of overlap between travel‐time polygons and population geographies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Areal 2SFCA method using a case study that compares the Enhanced Two‐Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) and Areal E2SFCA for the state of Illinois in the USA using multiple population granularities.

Transitions across borders: Migration aspirations of young people from Kinmen, Taiwan

AbstractThis paper examines the migration aspirations of young people from the remote border area of Kinmen, Taiwan and their migratory trajectories—internal migration to the main island of Taiwan and cross‐border migration to China. Located between Taiwan and China, Kinmen is an offshore island with a long history of migration. Based on multi‐site ethnographic data from 30 young people, this paper explores their migratory trajectories and aspirations concerning the instability of socio‐political context and the growing social and cultural inequalities of today's globalised world, China's rise in particular. It contributes to the population geography literature by using migration aspiration as a critical lens to analyse how young people negotiate their borderland identity through mobility under the changing cross‐strait political economy. The paper emphasises the importance of considering the transformation of regional economy and culture when analysing youth migration experiences. In recognising the socially grounded aspects of migration aspiration, it highlights the fluid and transformative nature of migration to enrich our knowledge of how marginalised youth form subjectivities and negotiate complex identities through migration. The distinctive experiences of peripheral youth shed new light on the conceptualisation of border crossing, place and desires under the sway of globalisation.

The dynamic rural stayer – Analysing the dynamics of the staying process in rural areas

The staying process has been somewhat neglected in population geography. The purpose of the research is to shed light on the staying behaviour in rural places, the factors that influence the staying decision, as well as understanding how the impact of these underlying mechanisms on the development of rural areas. The article studies stayers in ages above thirty in four local communities in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The analysis is partly based on existing literature on the decision to stay, which highlights place attachment and structural constraints as decisive factors. This article contributes by emphasizing that local dynamics should also be considered a significant factor in the decision to stay, alongside these existing factors. Dynamics may be studied using the concepts of social innovation and collective capability, which reveal the local social culture and opportunities for social interaction as decisive both for the development of the local community as well as the decision to stay. While acknowledging the importance of spatial location and place character, the article concludes that dynamic rural stayers are shaped by both local history and social culture, as well as by their own activities.

Current Trends in Clinico-Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Active Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (Safe and Unsafe) at a Tertiary Care Center in Uttarakhand: An Observational Study.

Otitis media is defined as inflammation of the middle ear due to any cause that may also involve any contiguous pneumatized portion of the temporal bone. It is also one of the most common diseases of childhood after viral upper respiratory tract infection. As a result of the widespread availability of over-the-counter topical antibiotics and the irrational use of these agents, there is a development of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the current bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in clinically diagnosed cases of active chronic otitis media (COM) at a tertiary care center in Uttarakhand. The proposed observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Microbiology of Government Doon Medical College Hospital, Dehradun, over a period of 18 months from August 2022 to January 2024. One hundred and thirty-seven cases of active COM fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Under strict aseptic conditions, pus samples were collected from the middle ear using two sterile cotton swabs under microscopic examination and sent to the microbiology lab for pathogen identification and isolation. The isolated organisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using VITEK-2 as per the latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: In the present study, the most common age group affected by COM was between 18 and 30 years with female predominance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.6%) was the predominantly isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.8%). Considering the antibiotic susceptibility, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem while least sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin. The maximum resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was observed to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The study of changing clinico-bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in cases of COM due to variations in the geography and environment of the study population can help to guide appropriate antibiotic treatment and thus prevent the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Geographical Analysis of Population Growth of Soran District (1987-2020)

Population geography is one of the most important topics of human geography, and the study of population has been of interest to researchers since ancient times in the side of (number, size, density, composition and patterns of distribution). In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the areas inhabited by the population, and to identify problems and find appropriate solutions to these problems. These studies are significant because they can be used to determine the population growth of the area, which helps to formulate an appropriate scientific plan to serve the population better. The population of the study area has changed a lot in terms of population growth during the study period. Due to the natural (birth and death) and unnatural (migration) increases, this requires research to present the most important changes in population size and their causes, as well as to analyze them. The aim is to analyze population growth and present data and information on this subject, in order to be used by the officials of the district in order to develop appropriate plans to develop the district and provide the best services to its residents. In order to reach the conclusions of the research and on the base to reach the research, we have divided the research into an introduction and two topics in addition to the conclusions and recommendations.

Possibilities of population thinking: Histories and futures of Population Geography through reflections on 50 years of the Royal Geographical Society (with Institute of British Geographers) Population Geography Research Group

AbstractReflecting critically on 50 years of the Royal Geographical Society (with Institute of British Geographers) (RGS‐IBG) Population Geography Research Group (PopGRG), and drawing on interviews with leading population geographers of the British Isles, this paper identifies defining features of Population Geography that attest to its longevity: personal connections and material production; fluidity and adaptability over time and through interdisciplinary contexts; and utility, vitality and relevance of the subdiscipline. We argue that continuation of care, material production and nimbleness can sustain the subdiscipline in the context of ongoing neoliberalisation across Higher Education. To remain vital, Population Geography must also decolonise and promote ‘population thinking’ to more boldly and critically attend to contemporary global challenges.

TURKISH REFUGEES IN BRAZIL AFTER THE 2016 TURKEY COUP ATTEMPT

Population geography is a subdiscipline of Geography devoted to the study of one of the aspects of geographic space, which is population flows. The flow of refugees is a topic of interest. In 2016, Turkey underwent a coup attempt which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of people and increased internal political tension. This study aimed to verify whether Turkey’s internal circumstances impacted the number of Turkish refugee requests in Brazil and if so, to describe these refugees’ general profile and their spatial distribution, without risking their safety. We used data provided by the International Migration Observatory, which is linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Justice. The analyses were performed using descriptive and geospatial statistics and showed a considerable increase in the number of Turkish refugees in Brazil from 2016, as well as their concentration in the richest state of the federation. We believe these results provide relevant information to improve the Brazilian system of recognition and reception of refugees.

Unlocking the potential of the geography laboratory as a 21st-century skill-learning hub

Acquisition of 21st-century skills can be achieved through the use of supporting facilities and infrastructure. In the study of geography, the laboratory functions as a learning tool that significantly improves teaching and learning activities. This research identifies and describes the potential for geography-based laboratory learning for management priorities and future development design. For this reason, this research uses mixed methods and descriptive analysis. Held in the Geography Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Malang. The population in this study consisted of Geography Department students and laboratory managers, while the sample was selected purposively from the class of 2019, totalling 84 students. Primary data was collected through structured interviews with students and in-depth interviews with geography laboratory managers to determine the potential for laboratory development over the last 5 years. Furthermore, this research has secondary data, namely laboratory equipment inventory data. Data analysis was carried out through SWOT analysis. The analysis results show that the geography laboratory consisting of Soil Geography, Geology, Cartography, Geographic Information Systems, Population Geography laboratories has quite large development potential. Conditions in each laboratory require development strategies. The development strategy includes: 1) planning, 2) procurement, 3) inventory, 4) storage, 5) arrangement, 6) utilization, 7) maintenance, and 8) disposal.

The Economic Situation of Working Women in Port Said Governorate in the Period from 1986 to 2017: A Study in Population Geography

The Economic Situation of Working Women in Port Said Governorate in the Period from 1986 to 2017: A Study in Population Geography

Shifting values at the cemetery – the artistic interventions of DeathLab

Abstract. Cemeteries are a reflection of the values, history, and composition of their respective communities. Current social developments are therefore also visible through them. The contribution describes the work of DeathLab, a public event series that uses contemporary artist-designed urns as a means of exploring shifting values in funeral culture through physical manifestations. The events involve visits to places associated with farewells and allow for discussions about the cultural significance of death and mourning practices. The practices surrounding death and the artifacts associated with them, such as urns and cemeteries, are intertwined with population geography considerations, and incorporating these elements into scientific analysis such as through artistic interventions holds great promise.

ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION AND CHANGES IN SEX-STRUCTURE OF RANCHI DISTRICT (JHARKHAND)

In population geography, Sex-Structrue is one of the most important factors of population composition and this is studied as Biological composition of any population. Sex is an easily identifiable characteristic. The numerical measurement of sex composition of a population is known as sex ratio. Sex ratio is considered as an important index of economy prevailing in an area and is useful tool for regional analysis. For the study of the Sex-Structure of any population the two important measures are generally adopted as the percentage of males in the population and second, the sex-ratio. The latter is more frequently used in the study of population. Fertility signifies the actual incidence of live births in a population. It is an important demoraphic determinant of Sex-Structure of a population. The age and sex specific incidence of death has a direct effect on the overall sex structure of a population. Migration is the third important process which may change the sex composition of a population. The meaning of sexcomposition or Sex-Structure is to know about the ratio of males and females in any population. It is very necessary for population geographers to know about the sex ratio of any population because balance of any society may be depends upon it's balanced sex ratio. But, there are different reason which are responsible for unbalanced sex ratio such as nature of males and females. Because this nature of males and females are acts sometimes as complementary with each other and sometimes acts opposite against each other. Economy of any region can be understand through the sex ratio of that region. Sex-ratio is one of the most important tool for analysis of regional differences. The sex ratio of the total population at a point of time is known as "The overall sex ratio." The sex-ratio is also shown the socio-economic conditions of any region. It also affects the demographic structure of any region. Sex-ratio is calculated differently in different countries. In India, the sexratio is calculated in terms of number of Females per thousand males. Sex-ratio can be measured from the time of conception to the time of death. This study gives us description and analysis about Sex-Structure and it's distribution and changes in Ranchi district. The distribution and changes of Sex-Structure of Ranchi district affects total population of the district particularly in Rural and Urban areas. The Sex-Structure also influenced the Socio-Economic conditions of the Ranchi district gradually. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution and changes in Sex-Structure. The present study is an empirical research conducted in Ranchi district (Jharkhand) which is based on secondary data. In this paper an attempt has been made to throw light on the very important issues of analysing distribution and changes in Sex-Structure.

Geography and form of settlement of Russians of the near abroad (Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova): main trends of the first quarter of the 21st century

The article identifies the main trends of the territorial dynamics of the Russian population of the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova and Transnistria during 2000s-2010s. It was found that, correlating with the general decline, the geography of Russian population also decreased. However, in all the studied countries the fragmentation of the settlement system occurred at the expense of settlements of lower taxonomic ranks (farms, small villages). In larger settlements, Russian groups persisted even in Moldova and Lithuania, which demonstrated the highest rates of demographic decline of Russian communities in the post-Soviet period. The largest concentrations of the Russian population in all the considered countries remained in the capitals. Moreover, they were also the epicenters of assimilation, the main factor of Russian depopulation in the 2000s and the first half of the 2010s. The level of urbanization of Russian communities remained very high in all the countries (80-90%), but at the beginning of the 21st century it decreased. This process was related not so much to the increased rootedness of Russian villagers, but rather to the migration of the Russian population from peripheral regions to the rural outskirts of metropolitan agglomerations. Being a form of deurbanization, it represented a variant of the geodemographic metropolization of Russian communities (the increasing concentration in capital regions). Only in Moldova the increased demographic stability of rural Russians was determined by a small group of old believer villages amidst a high level of derussification of the rest of the settlement network. Only the Russian community of Transnistria demonstrated an increased territorial and quantitative stability in the 2000s and 2010s. It clearly illustrated the significant role of geocivilizational orientation of post-Soviet states in the demographic dynamics of the local Russian population.

Transformation of the Employment Structure of the Population in the Regions of the Russian Federation

The subject of the work is the regional development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the topic is the classification and typology of regions as a method of analysis, forecasting and development of measures of state regulation of the economy, the purpose is the classification of regions by indicators of economic efficiency and characteristics of the structure of employment in the economy. The theoretical basis for the article is the domestic literature on spatial analysis and typology of regions, the author's methodology of the quality index of structural shifts– ICS, the practical basis is the methods of analyzing statistical series, forming tables, diagrams and cartograms in Excel, statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). The classification of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the indicator of gross regional product (GRP) per 1 employed in the economy, which is interpreted as the level of labor productivity (production efficiency). A description of the classification results is proposed, including brief characteristics of the employment structure of regions typical for each of the selected groups. The results obtained can be used in scientific work, as well as for teaching courses in population geography, regional economics, labor economics in higher educational institutions. In the future, the research program on the socio-economic typology of regions can be continued as a method of monitoring the situation and a basis for developing recommendations on state regulation of the economy. The goal of such regulation should be to equalize the conditions of economic activity and social development of the population across the country.

Internal Borders and Population Geography in the Unification of Italy – CORRIGENDUM

Internal Borders and Population Geography in the Unification of Italy – CORRIGENDUM

Designing and applying caricatures to teaching population geography at high school

Teaching material is necessary and plays an important role in the teaching and learning process. Caricature or cartoon is one of the most effective visual materials in teaching geography in high school. Caricature itself not only transmits information and knowledge but also helps the teacher to develop the student’s critical thinking skills in teaching geography. Nowadays, geography teachers can collect or design caricatures themselves by using various online applications or caricatures by hand. Caricature can be an important material for many geography teachers to design lesson plans and learning activities for students to discover new understandings in different topics. Applying caricature in teaching geography will greatly contribute to teaching innovation, combining different methods and teaching techniques, etc, especially in competent learning and teaching processes. This article briefly focuses on introducing the basic process of designing a caricature and ways to apply it effectively in teaching population geography at high school, bringing knowledge of joy to our students in each geography lessons.

Spatial Variation of Divorce Cases and its Impact on Population Growth in Qassim Area: A Study in Population Geography

هدف الدراسة: تتناول هذه الدراسة التباين المكاني لحالات الطلاق وأثره على النمو السكاني بمنطقة القصيم، وتهدف إلى تحليل التباين المكاني لأعداد المطلقين في مدن بريدة وعنيزة والرس والبكيرية. وتعرف السمات الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية للمطلقين. المنهجية: اعتمد على عينة مسحية تتكون من (450) استبانة، صممت للإجابة عن الخصائص الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية للعينة، والكشف عن الأسباب التي أدت إلى الطلاق. والعلاقة بين المتغيرات الديموغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية وأسباب الطلاق في المدن الأربع. وقد تبين من الدراسة أن هناك زيادة في ظاهرة الطلاق في المملكة، وتصدرت منطقتا الرياض ومكة المكرمة بأكثر من نصف الحالات. وأن هناك ارتفاعاً في عدد حالات الطلاق في المدن الأربع بنسبة (87.14 %) من إجمالي حالات الطلاق في منطقة القصيم، نسبة لحالات الزواج. وتصدرت مدينة بريدة مدن المنطقة. النتائج: كانت الغالبية العظمى من أفراد العينة في المدن الأربع قد قضوا فترة زواج راوحت بين سنة وست سنوات. ويحمل الغالبية منهم شهادة البكالوريوس، ولديهم أبناء، ويوجد لديهم دخل متوسط. واتضح أن الأسباب الاجتماعية من أكثر الأسباب بين أفراد العينة التي أدت إلى الطلاق، وأظهرت النتائج أن هناك علاقة قوية بين الأسباب التي أدت إلى الطلاق ومتوسط الدخل الشهري، والمستوى التعليمي كما أظهرت ذلك نتائج اختبار كاي تربيع.

Talking population geographies and a ‘love letter’ to the journal

AbstractVarious significant anniversaries for population geography as a recognisable subdiscipline fall round about now, in 2023, serving as fitting prompts for reflecting upon its character, history and possible futures. This paper offers such a reflection, taking an interview transcript between the two authors as its basis, the format here offering a directness of address not always possible in standard academic papers. Arguments are advanced about widening the focus of the subdiscipline, centring on the complexity of what is taken to constitute a ‘population’ and its ‘demographics’—asking about who and what is being counted, how and why—and considering the many ways in which matters of geography, space and place enter into the ‘biopolitics’ of life and death, nurturance and eradication, survival and abandonment, inclusion and exclusion. Concurrently, claims are made about the value of being outward‐looking, drawing on diverse philosophies, theories, literatures and insights only fleetingly represented in the subdiscipline to date. More specifically, the paper is rooted in one author's intensive use of the present journal, Population, Space and Place, for undergraduate teaching, with commentary and scholarly endnotes (cross‐referencing past contributions to the journal) demonstrating the journal generative role in the past, present and future of population geography.

Internal Borders and Population Geography in the Unification of Italy

We offer new evidence on the spatial economic impact of Italian unification. Adopting municipal population as a proxy for local economic activity, we construct a new geocoded dataset spanning the pre- and post-unification periods and discover robust evidence of an acceleration in growth near the former borders. A disproportionate improvement in market access boosted growth in these locations when barriers to trade were dismantled. Indirectly, unification’s decisive contribution to intraregional market integration, local specialization and exchange, and economic development is revealed.

Ethnic context and fertility differential in post‐Soviet Kazakhstan

AbstractPrevious studies have often explained fertility differentials between racial groups by aggregate individual characteristics. Emphasizing a spatial perspective, this study argues that the fertility implications of race may depend on the ethnic composition of the local context. This study tested the explanatory power of contextual ethnic composition, measured by diversity and minority share, with the intriguing case of fertility differentials in post‐Soviet Kazakhstan. Multilevel Poisson regressions and decomposition techniques were performed on the pooled 1995 and 1999 Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Surveys. Further sensitivity tests were conducted with the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey‐Kazakhstan 2010–2011 and 2015 surveys. We found that both diversity and minority share are significant contributors to the majority‐minority fertility differential. Specifically, context‐level ethnic diversity is associated with lower fertility (−0.22, p < 0.001) for both Russians and Kazakhs, while a higher share of Russians in the local context reduces the differential between the two groups (−0.26, p < 0.05). Sensitivity test using data from the 2010s reproduced the significant effect of the context‐level share of Russians on fertility. The findings suggest that minority individuals exhibit lower fertility levels in places where their presence is more suppressed. This study contributes to population geography's recognition of the importance of spatial and contextual processes in shaping fertility outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities by impacting their living environment.

Geodemography as a component of population geography

The article considers in detail the stages of formation and establishment of geodemography as a modern scientific direction of population geography. At the first stage, the central place in the system of knowledge about population belongs to demography. At the second stage, the interaction of demography with neighboring sciences, in particular with geography, is strengthened. At their junction, a new discipline is being formed – the geography of the population. At the third stage, a new direction of population geography is formed, focused on the study of regional differeces in population and settlement, and the development of regional demographic policy, which we call geodemography.