Geographical Criteria Research Articles

The Role of “Guru Penggerak” in Enhancing Character Education in the Digital Era at Elementary Schools in South Sumatra

Character education in Indonesia has become a top priority, especially since the introduction of the 2013 Curriculum, which has been further reinforced by the Merdeka Curriculum. This initiative aims to shape the Pancasila Student Profile, which embodies values such as independence, cooperation, religiosity, and critical thinking. Despite these efforts, the implementation of character education faces numerous challenges, particularly in the digital era. The Guru Penggerak (Teacher Mover) Program, launched by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek), plays a critical role in leading educational changes and fostering students' character development. This study employs a qualitative research design using a case study approach, involving 20 Guru Penggerak from various elementary schools in South Sumatra. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling to ensure diversity based on geographic, socio-economic, and school performance criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to explore the role of technology, challenges, and strategies in character education. Thematic analysis was used to gain insights into the dynamics of character education in this specific context. This study enriches the literature by providing a contextualized perspective on character education in Indonesia, particularly amid digital challenges, and offers a foundation for developing more effective policies to support character education across regions.

A Novel Decision-Support Framework for Supporting Renewable Energy Technology Siting in the Early Design Stage of Microgrids: Considering Geographical Conditions and Focusing on Resilience and SDGs

This research is focused on microgrid design supporting tools and presents an innovative framework for renewable energy (RE) sources’ site selection, integrating multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods with resilience considerations and alignment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It addresses present climatic challenges, identifies key causes of possible power failures, and develops strategies to mitigate their effects, while providing tools for energy managers and decision-makers to select suitable RE sources/technologies, based on geographical and sustainability criteria. The framework categorizes criteria into quantitative and qualitative types, adopting a cost (C)- and benefit (B)-based approach. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) calculates criteria weights to ensure accuracy and compatibility in decision-making, integrating SDG objectives into the evaluation process. This study focuses on five major RE options, photovoltaic (PV), wind, wave, tidal, and geothermal, analyzing more than 50 criteria for each energy type. This evaluation incorporates the expertise of over 50 experts and case studies, making it one of the most extensive research efforts in RE site selection. By systematically addressing resilience challenges and linking them with SDG priorities, this study provides a robust framework for evaluating and optimizing RE options. Its methodologies offer significant contributions to advancing sustainable energy development and enhancing energy systems’ resilience to climate and infrastructural challenges.

A descriptive report on the impact of pharmacy workflows in the operational success of hospital at home implementation at a county academic hospital system.

The hospital at home (HaH) model has become more prevalent in the American healthcare system due to its ability to decrease acute care costs and readmission risk. Recent publications have provided guidance on optimizing medication management and patient safety by leveraging clinical pharmacy services. There is limited data on pharmacoeconomic impact of HaH implementation, specifically in underinsured patients. To describe the development of HaH-related pharmacy workflows and evaluate the operational success of the program in an underinsured patient population. This report describes HaH program implementation between August 1st, 2022, and March 19th, 2024. Patients were eligible for home treatment if they met geographic, clinical, financial, and social criteria. The primary outcome measured was the quantity and cost of medication waste for patients treated at home. Secondary outcomes included HaH medication turnaround time, healthcare resource utilization, and patient safety. All study outcomes were reported using descriptive statistics. Out of 450 patients screened, 3 met criteria and provided consent for HaH enrollment. The total cost of medication waste for all 3 patients was $41.15, and 21 out of 53 dispensed doses (40%) were wasted. The mean medication verification time was 8.1min, and the mean medication preparation time was 50.2min. Study data provides insight into enhancing dispensing practices while establishing the benefits pharmacists bring to the HaH care team. Future research should elaborate on other measures of operational success to identify optimal performance metrics to support expanding pharmaceutical services within the HaH care model.

Hybrid optimization method for optimal site selection and sizing of a hybrid photovoltaic water pumping/diesel/battery system.

In this paper, a hybrid optimization method based on a technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used for the simultaneous site selection and sizing of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) water pumping/diesel generator energy system. Various sites in Iran are analyzed for the establishment of the photovoltaic water pumping power plants. Key geographical and climatic criteria are used for optimal site selection across different sites. Following this, technical and economic optimization of the hybrid energy scheme is conducted with the aim of maximizing reliability and minimizing costs to meet the water requirements for a 12-ha grain field and a household. The optimal number of components, including solar panels, batteries, converters, and diesel generators, are determined. Additionally, the role of an energy storage device (battery) is carefully evaluated with respect to key parameters such as initial investment cost and fuel consumption rate of the proposed hybrid systems. The results indicate that Sarayan in South Khorasan province, Beydokht 2 in Razavi Khorasan province, and Jajrom in North Khorasan province are the most suitable locations for establishing photovoltaic water pumping systems. Moreover, the optimal sizing of the three proposed hybrid energy systems (1.PV/Diesel/Battery, 2.PV/Diesel, and 3. PV/Battery) reveals that the PV/Diesel/Battery hybrid system offers the lowest costs and highest reliability. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on component prices, interest rates, and fuel prices to examine the results.

SURFBAT: a surrogate family-based association test building on large imputation reference panels.

Genotype-phenotype association tests are typically adjusted for population stratification using principal components that are estimated genome-wide. This lacks resolution when analysing populations with fine structure and/or individuals with fine levels of admixture. This can affect power and precision, and is a particularly relevant consideration when control individuals are recruited using geographic selection criteria. Such is the case in France where we have recently created reference panels of individuals anchored to different geographic regions. To make correct comparisons against case groups, who would likely be gathered from large urban areas, new methods are needed. We present SURFBAT (a SURrogate Family Based Association Test) which performs an approximation of the transmission-disequilibrium test. Our method hinges on the application of genotype imputation algorithms to match similar haplotypes between the case and control groups. This permits us to approximate local ancestry informed posterior probabilities of un-transmitted parental alleles of each case individual. This is achieved by assuming haplotypes from the imputation panel are well matched for ancestry with the case individuals. When the first haplotype of an individual from the imputation panel matches that of a case individual, it is assumed that the second haplotype of the same individual can be used as a locally ancestry matched control haplotype and to approximately impute un-transmitted parental alleles. SURFBAT provides an association test that is inherently robust to fine-scale population stratification and opens up the possibility of efficiently using large imputation reference panels as control groups for association testing. In contrast to other methods for association testing that incorporate local-ancestry inference, SURFBAT does not require a set of ancestry groups to be defined, nor for local ancestry to be explicitly estimated. We demonstrate the interest of our tool on simulated datasets, as well as on a real-data example for a group of case individuals affected by Brugada syndrome.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

The article explores relevant issues regarding the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the processes of globalization and the integration of the world economy. The author analyzes the activities of TNCs as key players on the global economic stage, focusing on their impact on global trade flows, economic dynamics, and the development of countries. TNCs produce goods and services on an international level, make significant investments, and contribute to the spread of advanced technologies, increasing competition and integrating global markets. The article also notes that globalization is an objective circumstance in the development of the modern economy, which is accompanied by the growing interdependence of countries. The role of TNCs in creating international production and providing access to skilled labor resources, as well as their influence on scientific and technological progress, is separately examined. It is determined that TNCs often become a driving force of globalization as they stimulate the development of international trade and investment, spread advanced technologies, and improve productivity across various markets. The main classifications of TNCs are analyzed according to industry, geographic, size, and market criteria, helping to better understand their structures and strategic orientations. In addition, the main directions of TNC activities, such as production, trade, and investment, are studied, making them the primary drivers of economic globalism. The article draws attention to the interaction of TNCs with local markets and their impact on local economies, particularly through investment projects, job creation, and infrastructure development. It is emphasized that TNCs are important factors in economic growth and improving resource efficiency in various regions of the world. Special attention is paid to how the activities of TNCs contribute to the dissemination of advanced management practices and technologies, which allows for increased labor productivity and the development of human capital in host countries. The article also considers the challenges related to the activities of TNCs, such as mergers and acquisitions, which can lead to market monopolization and unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization. The influence of TNCs on international relations and the regulation of economic activity is examined, requiring national governments to develop effective strategies to attract foreign investment and minimize potential risks. Overall, the article highlights the essence of TNCs as important participants in the process of economic globalization, emphasizing their ability to adapt to global challenges while also shaping new directions for the development of the world economy.

Design of Supplier Selection of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of the Palm Oil Industry

The research aims to identify the optimal strategy for selecting suppliers, analyse criteria priorities, and rank the best suppliers in PT X, Paser Regency. The research method uses quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires based on the ANP (Analytical Network Process) model. The sample was determined using purposive sampling of three employees of PT X. The analysis was conducted in three stages: descriptive, ANP using super decision software, and TOPSIS to rank the FFB suppliers. The results on ANP showed that the design of selection of FFB suppliers in PT X is based on 5 criteria and 16 sub-criteria. Price criteria include payment method, low price, easy agreement, and price stability. The claim policy criteria include quick response, assistance, and warranty. Quality criteria involve technical conformity, quality consistency, and defect rate. Geographical location criteria consider climate, distance, road conditions, and delivery time. The delivery criterion prioritises the sub criteria of the accuracy of the number of deliveries. The conclusion from TOPSIS showed that the highest ranking of FFB suppliers is given to UD. Naila Naufal Jaya, superior on price, quality, delivery, geographic location, and warranty criteria.

Hydrological classification of mine pit lakes using modelling experiments

With the growing global prevalence of open-pit mining activities, there is an increasing necessity for sustainable mine life cycle plans with an early outlook towards mine closure. A major consideration in mine closure planning is the potential formation of lakes in the mine void and how these “pit lakes” can be managed to minimise risks and, if possible, create benefits. Understanding the long-term interactions between pit lakes, groundwater, and surface water systems is essential for that purpose. While numerous site-specific studies have been undertaken, there have been no studies that aim to provide a general, broadly applicable understanding of how pit lake hydrology relates to geographical context, and no efforts to hydrologically classify pit lakes using geographical criteria. This research employs an integrated generic pit lake water balance model to examine mine pit lake interactions with the surrounding surface water and groundwater. Simulating 243 scenarios, the influence of five input factors (climate, hydraulic conductivity, regional groundwater level, catchment area and pit slope) on pit lake behaviour up to 6000 years beyond the closure of the mine was considered. The assessment focused on four pit lake hydrological attributes once the system reached equilibrium: water level, time to equilibrium, the fraction of days where the pit recharges groundwater, and the fraction of days where there is surface overflow from the lake. All scenarios were assigned to one of five hydrological classes based on the interactions between the pit lake and the surrounding surface water and groundwater. Our findings show that, in many contexts, general data on climate type and subsurface hydraulic conductivity can yield reliable predictions of a pit lake's long-term hydrological classification without having to develop a detailed, site-specific pit lake model. The classification needs improvements in non-arid climates where inter-annual variation in rainfall is pronounced. The pit lake classification is particularly valuable for first-pass risk assessments to determine whether site-specific modelling is required.

Suicide risk in juvenile open angle glaucoma patients.

To investigate the association between juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) and mental health among Koreans. This study used nationally representative data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2021. Glaucoma diagnosis followed the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria based on glaucomatous structural defects, visual field defects, corrected vision, and intraocular pressure. As outcomes, suicidal behaviors, psychiatric counseling, and depression were evaluated through mental health questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. Among 7090 participants, 3446 met the inclusion criteria for analysis, and 88 (2.6%) were diagnosed with open angle glaucoma (OAG). After adjusting for age, sex, and best-corrected visual acuity (VA), participants with OAG were revealed to have significantly higher odds of suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation, planning, or attempts) compared with those without OAG (OR: 2.70; 95%CI: 1.12-6.54; P=0.028). This association remained significant after further adjustments for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and presence of chronic conditions (P=0.031 and 0.035, respectively). However, there was no significant difference for the other two outcomes, psychiatric counseling and depression. An age-stratified analysis revealed a stronger association between OAG and suicidal behaviors in younger JOAG participants (<40y) than in older OAG participants (≥40y; OR: 3.80 vs 2.22; 95%CI: 0.79-18.22 vs 0.56-8.80, respectively). OAG patients show a higher risk of suicidal behaviors than those without glaucoma particularly in JOAG patients.

A top-down spatial scenario approach for identifying the locations of rainwater harvesting sites in an urban region.

Alternative water sources are necessary in developing nations because surface water is not always accessible, and groundwater is depleted. In such situations, rainwater harvesting is considered a promising sustainable water resource management solution. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine suitable locations for rainwater harvesting (RWH) using bottom-up approaches applied to large watersheds. The bottom-up methods begin with various geographic criteria and end with regions suitable for RWH intervention, even considering the distance from settlements to be one of the criteria, excluding urban areas from RWH site identification. This study developed a top-down methodology that began with the distributed pinpoint locations of potential RWH sites, as determined by distributed flow accumulation values produced from a digital elevation model (DEM), and then filtered out the sites based on various criteria in the context of urban areas. The flow accumulation values were apportioned according to the flow-contributing area of each RWH site. Five flow-contributing areal scenarios corresponding to 1 km2, 2.5 km2, 5 km2, 7.5 km2, and 10 km2 were considered in this study, as it is challenging to choose a suitable location for RWH sites in urban zones for efficient water storage owing to a variety of land uses. Based on this technique, a case study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, where it was found that the volumetric potential of rainwater storage is maximum (403,679,424.9 cu. m) for 1 km2 and minimum (169,951,322 cu. m) for 10 km2 flow contributing areal distribution per RWH site.

Techno-economic assessment of repurposing oil & gas wells for Enhanced Geothermal Systems: A New Mexico, USA feasibility study

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) produce renewable power that can complement variable renewable sources such as wind and solar, but EGS is expensive to deploy due to high cost of drilling geothermal wells. Repurposing abandoned or declining oil and gas wells for use in EGS is one option that can lower project capital costs by making use of existing wells and infrastructure. We assess the feasibility of this option using an oil and gas well database for the state of New Mexico. We begin by defining physical and geographic criteria for selecting existing wells suitable for EGS. We then identify clusters of nearby wells that could support separate EGS projects. Finally, we use the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model to estimate the performance and costs of these potential projects. Through our analysis, we find that 543 existing oil and gas wells in the state, comprising 0.4 % of the total number of oil and gas wells drilled in New Mexico, could be used to form 113 EGS projects with a cumulative generating capacity of 361 MW. The modeled Levelized Cost of Electricity of the repurposed EGS projects was 31–70 % lower than that of identical projects using newly drilled wells at the same locations, with the most cost-effective projects having the highest number of wells that can be clustered for higher power output. A major reason for the relatively low number of suitable wells is that oil and gas reservoirs are typically located in cooler geothermal systems, constraining harvestable energy and conversion efficiencies. Nonetheless, potential EGS projects drawing upon fewer existing wells still produce significant heat energy even if it is not enough to generate electricity, so exploring other ways this energy might be used economically is important. The method we present for assessing first-order feasibility and costs of well repurposing for EGS can be applied to any oil- and gas-producing region to identify well clusters where additional site-level investigations are warranted.

Integrated Micro-Destination: A Conceptual Framework

The purpose of this research is to develop a different perspective on the classification of the concept of destination, which is one of the important components of the tourism sector, by introducing the concept of 'integrated micro-destination' and evaluating its importance for the tourism sector, especially concerning destinations. In the study, the concept of destination is first defined, and a new concept is developed from a marketing and competitiveness perspective based on the geographical and size criteria used in destination classifications. The theoretical framework of destination classifications is examined, and it is observed in the literature review that the overall competitiveness of a holistic macro-destination is influenced by the competitiveness within its various micro-destinations. The factors affecting the integrated micro destination concept were evaluated from both the prosody and consumer perspectives.

Optimizing sustainable multiple biomass-to-biofuel conversion network with integrated water resource management utilizing data-driven robust planning

Until now, the biofuel supply chain has lacked an integrated approach to address its fundamental challenges in real-world implementation. The first challenge is maintaining a continuous supply flow in the biofuel network, which can significantly impact economic outcomes and performance measures. The second challenge involves managing water resources for biofuel production to preserve freshwater reserves. The third challenge is managing operational risks, such as uncertainty in biofuel demand, which leads to conservative planning and underscores the need for realistic uncertain programming approaches. To address these challenges, the proposed study designs a biofuel conversion network that utilizes third-generation feedstocks and non-edible seed sources, sourcing necessary water from wastewater resources. This practical solution addresses water-energy relationship concerns, reducing dependency on limited freshwater supplies. To achieve a continuous and cost-effective feed supply, this study incorporates a pre-processing phase using a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making model. This approach ensures the feed supply remains consistent, economical, and sustainable. To manage the uncertainty in biofuel demand, we developed a robust optimization model with an intersected uncertainty set using a data-driven approach. This approach aims to reduce conservatism in the obtained solutions, making the model more practical for real-world implementation. The numerical results reveal some practical implementation for policymakers. The proposed robust optimization using the configured uncertainty set offers a tool to manage the conservatism of renewable energy demand uncertainty and operational risks more effectively than traditional approaches (0.914%). This formulation can help policymakers to maintain greater robustness against fluctuations in confidence levels. Additionally, the simultaneous use of third-generation and non-edible feedstocks creates a multi-biomass-to-biofuel conversion network, offering practitioners a practical solution that significantly reduces reliance on freshwater resources. Furthermore, policymakers can leverage the proposed pre-processing phase to promote economic and continuous supply feed based on geographical, resource accessibility, and infrastructure criteria.

Prevalence, associated factors and consequence of problematic smartphone use among adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and young adults are of major concern to parents. However, the prevalence and associated factors related to these issues in Bangladeshi adolescents and young adults remain unclear to the best of our knowledge. The aim of this study is to assess PSU and ADHD in the context of adolescent and young adult age groups in Bangladesh. The present study collected data from diverse geographical locations in Bangladesh via face-to-face surveys using stratified random sampling methods. We considered age, sex, and geographic location stratification criteria. A total of 578 respondents participated in the survey initially. From this, we discarded 36 responses after screening because the information provided was insufficient or incomplete response. In the end, 542 replies were incorporated into the final analysis. PSU and ADHD depend on several factors, including the individual's demographic background. The prevalence of PSU and ADHD symptoms in adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh is 61.44% and 37.45%, respectively based on our findings. The symptoms of PSU are correlated with age, education level, family type (nuclear/joint), sleeping pattern, physical exercise, and residence area. ADHD symptoms are correlated with age, education level, living with family, smoking habit, physical disability, sleeping pattern, physical exercise, residence area, and PSU. Also, we observed that ADHD and PSU symptoms are positively correlated with each other. A large proportion of young adults and adolescents reported PSU and ADHD symptoms. The present findings have practical implications in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and related policy considerations. We propose to develop an inclusive interventional strategy and community-based programs to address PSU and ADHD-related issues.

Association between corneal hysteresis and glaucoma in a Japanese population: the Hisayama Study

AimsTo investigate the association between corneal hysteresis and the presence of glaucoma and its subtypes in a general Japanese population.MethodsWe analysed the data of 2338 Japanese community-dwellers aged ≥40 years...

China's onshore wind energy potential in the context of climate change

China has great potential for developing renewable energy to achieve its carbon neutrality goals. Orderly development of renewable energy is essential to enhance resource utilization efficiency and ensure safety during the energy system transition process. This study presents a thorough assessment of China's onshore wind power potential by considering the land suitability, the potential and temporal characteristics, and the impacts of climate change. The high-resolution maps combining wind resources with land conditions and climate scenarios are produced to provide insights into system planning, grid integration, and flexibility management. The results show that the capacity potential of onshore wind energy in China is 9.6 TW with an annual generation of 12.6 PWh, and 83 % of total capacity has a cost advantage with the levelized cost lower than the 60 $/MWh threshold. By comprehensively considering geographical, economic, and social criteria, around 8.1 % of the national territorial area is identified as the most suitable area for wind power development, primarily in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The annual electricity generation from these areas can fulfill nearly 69 % of the nation's electricity demand. Future climate change projections indicate a remarkable generalized drop by 18 % in the north and a slight increase by 7 % in the south under the RCP 8.5 scenario. However, significant changes in wind resources are mostly within restricted areas, suggesting that future climate change would like to bring negative but limited impacts on wind power production in China.

Forest Worker Households in the NFPP: Enhancing Sustainable Livelihoods through Capital and Transformation

The persistent conflict between strict conservation and community welfare highlights the growing need to address sustainable livelihoods in forest protection programs. The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) is a comprehensive forest protection program spearheaded by the Chinese government. It is designed to facilitate the conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems through a range of interventions, including logging ban, management, tending, and afforestation efforts. Drawing upon longitudinal micro-level household survey data spanning five consecutive years from 2017 to 2021, this research quantifies the sustainable livelihood levels of frontline participants in the NFPP by examining two dimensions: livelihood capital stock and livelihood transformation capacity. Additionally, it investigates the internal differentiation phenomenon within this cohort. The findings suggest that forest worker households engaged in tasks related to forest management, tending, and afforestation are the frontline participants in the NFPP, in contrast to management, technical, and service personnel. Moreover, these forest worker households exhibit a pattern characterized by a higher livelihood capital stock but a lower livelihood transformation capacity compared to non-forest worker households. Furthermore, within forest worker households, there is a significant group differentiation phenomenon, resulting in inter-group differentials in the sustainable livelihood levels based on geographical and seniority stratification criteria. The developers of the global forest protection program should prioritize addressing the sustainable livelihood issues of frontline participants in the program, especially the real problem of mismatches between livelihood capital stock and livelihood transformation capacity. This can be achieved through designing income incentives, stimulating consumption, and other means to enhance the relatively disadvantaged position of frontline participants while balancing the coordination and fairness of the protection program based on the aspects of both protection and development.

A Geospatial Model of Periurbanization—The Case of Three Intermediate-Sized and Subregional Cities in Chile

Throughout the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century, the geospatial dynamic exhibiting the highest rate of change globally corresponds to urban expansion surrounding metropolitan areas and large cities. Around intermediate-sized cities, there have also been rapid changes in their geographical space, but study in these areas has had less academic attention and development. Considering this context, this article intends to analyze the dynamics in the periurbanization of communes with intermediate-sized cities. In this study, three geographical criteria were defined for the definition of the study area and seven geospatial indicators of sociodemographic, socioeconomic and land occupation categories, with the purpose of determining the composition of the periurbanization process. Finally, the discussion presents a perspective on the dynamics of periurbanization, the interpretation of future projections identifying three geospatial phenomena and a proposal for a geospatial chorematic model with the composition of periurbanization, based on three subregional intermediate-sized cities in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile. This research contributes new reflections to the debate around spatial planning and periurban research in Latin America and the Global South.

Assessing the efficacy of online applications in enhancing classroom teaching: A comprehensive evaluation of execution and effectiveness

This study explores the practical application of online applications in innovating the organization of teaching activities within public schools in Hue City, Vietnam. The research investigates the nuanced dynamics of execution and efficiency in using online applications across various teaching categories. The study employs a systematic approach to participant selection using stratified sampling based on geographical criteria to ensure representation from both the northern and southern regions of the city. A total of 192 teacher survey questionnaires were distributed focusing on the execution and efficiency of online applications in categories such as warm-up activities, knowledge building, review and consolidation, practice activities and testing and assessment. The commitment to data quality is demonstrated by the high response rate with 187 valid questionnaires collected (97.3% of the expected sample). Statistical analyses including mean scores, standard deviations and correlation coefficients were employed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of online application integration in teaching activities. The findings reveal varying levels of execution and efficiency across different teaching categories emphasizing the need for targeted improvement strategies. Strong positive correlations were observed in specific categories such as practice activities highlighting a consistent association between effective execution and efficiency. The study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on technology integration in education, offering recommendations for teachers, administrators and policymakers seeking to optimize the impact of online applications on teaching practices in the Vietnamese educational context.

Relying on the French territorial offer of thermal spa therapies to build a care pathway for long COVID-19 patients.

Work on long COVID-19 has mainly focused on clinical care in hospitals. Thermal spa therapies represent a therapeutic offer outside of health care institutions that are nationally or even internationally attractive. Unlike local care (hospital care, general medicine, para-medical care), their integration in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients seems little studied. The aim of this article is to determine what place french thermal spa therapies can take in the care pathway of long COVID-19 patients. Based on the case of France, we carry out a geographic mapping analysis of the potential care pathways for long COVID-19 patients by cross-referencing, over the period 2020-2022, the available official data on COVID-19 contamination, hospitalisations in intensive care units and the national offer of spa treatments. This first analysis allows us, by using the method for evaluating the attractiveness of an area defined by David Huff, to evaluate the accessibility of each French department to thermal spas. Using dynamic geographical mapping, this study describes two essential criteria for the integration of the thermal spa therapies offer in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients (attractiveness of spa areas and accessibility to thermal spas) and three fundamental elements for the success of these pathways (continuity of the care pathways; clinical collaborations; adaptation of the financing modalities to each patient). Using a spatial attractiveness method, we make this type of geographical analysis more dynamic by showing the extent to which a thermal spa is accessible to long COVID-19 patients. Based on the example of the French spa offer, this study makes it possible to place the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients in a wider area (at least national), rather than limiting them to clinical and local management in a hospital setting. The identification and operationalization of two geographical criteria for integrating a type of treatment such as a spa cure into a care pathway contributes to a finer conceptualization of the construction of healthcare pathways.