Geographical Connectivity Research Articles

Numerical evaluation of low-head inverted cross-flow turbine design method: A comprehensive study

This study aimed to address the challenges of micro-hydropower generation in low-head environments to expand the proportion of hydropower in renewable energy and achieve a carbon neutrality policy. To achieve these goals, various factors affecting the micro-hydro systems, including geographical constraints, construction costs, and grid connectivity, were reviewed and assessed. The results concluded that a novel type of cross-flow turbine with inverted structures, improved the economic feasibility, productivity, and installability of micro-hydropower plants by reducing head losses in open channels or small streams. The parametric studies consisted of four steps: first, designing the initial inverted cross-flow turbine based on the traditional design rules; for the second and third steps, a parametric study for comparing the runner diameter ratio and the number of blades is conducted; and in the last step optimized turbine was designed. The best efficiency point of the optimized inverted cross-flow turbine was 72.92 % at a runner rotational speed of 170 RPM with a 0.75 runner diameter ratio and 35 blades. The optimized turbine was improved by 7.8 % in power and 7.35 % in efficiency, higher than the initial turbine. From the hill chart comparison between the initial and optimized turbine, operation range expansion was confirmed. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of the inverted cross-flow turbine under low-head conditions.

Creating Corridors for Nature Protection

This article seeks to provoke by linking two apparently contradictory perspectives on conservation in Europe. On the one hand, in light of the consistent failures of biodiversity protection measures to live up to the ambition of conservation policy, national parks can be seen as historical relics that are no longer fit for purpose. Conservation urgently requires forms of geographical and political connectivity that do not stop at national borders. On the other hand, national understandings of what nature is and how it should be protected continue to be underapplied. Indeed, the national is a key framework within which ideas about nature are presented and its potential can be put to work. In bringing these two perspectives together, the article makes both literal and metaphorical use of a term that is integral to connectivity-based models of conservation: the corridor. Corridors are conduits for the movement of biota in and between ecologically protected areas such as national parks, but are also passages that facilitate the movement of ideas between disciplinary perspectives and between scholarship and policy. Both sets of movements are needed to uphold the new interdisciplinary field of conservation humanities, which can support a more nuanced discussion on the wicked problem of nature conservation.

The Impact of Spatial Layout of Emerging Industry Clusters Development on Economic Structural Adjustment

This paper examines the impact of the spatial layout of emerging industry clusters on economic structural adjustment in China. By analyzing the geographical distribution, proximity to research institutions, and infrastructure development of these clusters, the study aims to understand their role in transforming China’s economic structure towards innovation-driven growth. The findings reveal that the spatial organization of industry clusters significantly influences regional economic development, industrial upgrading, and innovation capacity. Geographical concentration, connectivity, and proximity to knowledge sources are identified as key factors shaping the effectiveness of clusters. The paper concludes with policy implications, emphasizing the need for balanced regional development, enhanced connectivity, and strengthened innovation ecosystems to maximize the benefits of emerging industry clusters for China’s economic structural adjustment.

Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of the Seaport: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

This study uses primary data from a survey of 370 observations in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and adopts the Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Linear Regression Modeling (LRM) with Bootstrap analysis for a reliable test of LRM. Its result shows that factors affecting Seaport competitiveness included Geographical Location, Connectivity, Information Technology, Facilities, Reputation, and Port authority.

Online social support exchange among medical travelers in South Asia: a content analysis of Facebook posts

ABSTRACT In recent years, more than half of the total medical travelers visiting India each year belong to Bangladesh. This study explores social support exchange in an online health community comprising participants who intend to travel/have traveled/are traveling from Bangladesh to India for medical reasons. We used thematic content analysis to classify social support into informational, emotional, and instrumental types. We found that informational support was the most commonly exchanged, indicating the high informational needs of medical travelers. Contrary to the existing literature, instrumental support, often related to urgent treatment needs, was exchanged more frequently than emotional support. This could be due to the resource constraints medical travelers face and the possibility of group members’ geographical connectivity. This study underscores the role of online platforms in facilitating the exchange of social support. It illuminates critical themes related to medical travel, enriching our understanding of this demographic's unique challenges and needs.

Geographical movements, site fidelity and connectivity of killer whales within and outside herring grounds in Icelandic coastal waters

Geographical movements, site fidelity and connectivity of killer whales within and outside herring grounds in Icelandic coastal waters

Deep Learning Based Hybrid Analysis of Malware Detection and Classification: A Recent Review

Globally extensive digital revolutions involved with every process related to human progress can easily create the critical issues in security aspects. This is promoted due to the important factors like financial crises and geographical connectivity in worse condition of the nations. By this fact, the authors are well motivated to present a precise literature on malware detection with deep learning approach. In this literature, the basic overview includes the nature of nature of malware detection i.e., static, dynamic, and hybrid approach. Another major component of this articles is the investigation of the backgrounds from recently published and highly cited state-of-the-arts on malware detection, prevention and prediction with deep learning frameworks. The technologies engaged in providing solutions are utilized from AI based frameworks like machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid frameworks. The main motivations to produce this article is to portrait clear pictures of the option challenging issues and corresponding solution for developing robust malware-free devices. In the lack of a robust malware-free devices, highly growing geographical and financial disputes at wide globes can be extensively provoked by malicious groups. Therefore, exceptionally high demand of the malware detection devices requires a very strong recommendation to ensure the security of a nation. In terms preventing and recovery, Zero-day threats can be handled by recent methodology used in deep learning. In the conclusion, we also explored and investigated the future patterns of malware and how deals with in upcoming years. Such review may extend towards the development of IoT based applications used many fields such as medical devices, home appliances, academic systems.

The South China Sea in light of regional rivalry


 The South China Sea is of increasing importance in strategic perceptions, especially at both regional and global levels. That is due to its geographical location, which represents the meeting point of maritime transportation routes in the world, and because it is linked to the most important strategic straits in the Southeast Asian region, which are the most important elements of geographical connectivity and communication with the Pacific and Indian oceans. The South China Sea region suffers from a state of volatility and instability, due to reasons including tension and growing competition between China and other countries. The competition is related to sovereignty over the waters located in the Spartly Islands region, and over the ownership of some or all of these islands in this region. In addition to that, the issue of the growing strategic competition between China and the United States of America in this region, which affects the stability and settlement in the South China Sea region.
 

Geographical Connectivity, Migration Routes, and Wintering Grounds of the Common Crane in the Northern Moscow Region

Geographical Connectivity, Migration Routes, and Wintering Grounds of the Common Crane in the Northern Moscow Region

Decision-Making Support of Sustainable and Efficiency of Railway Project

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a strategic economic project aiming at increasing regional connectivity for economic development. The economic corridor will connect Pakistan's Gwadar port with Kashgar in Western China between 2014 and 2030 by developing a transport infrastructure network consisting of road and rail. It is not only expected to be beneficial for Pakistan and China but is also expected to have positive spillover effects on other countries by enhancing geographical connectivity.

Geographical Connectivity in the United States

Geographical Connectivity in the United States

Harnessing The Internet for Inclusive Development: Evidence from Spatial Panel Data Analysis in Indonesia

Technology utilization is often considered one of the main drivers promoting inclusive development. As a form of technology utilization, whether using the internet can promote inclusive development has been a concern for researchers and policymakers. Considering geographical connectivity characteristics, we examine the effects of internet penetration on inclusive development by applying spatial econometric models and using data from 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2015 to 2020. This study reveals that encouraging the internet penetration can significantly improves the inclusive development in a province. However, the increase of internet penetration leads to the decrease of inclusive development in neighboring provinces. The digital divide among provinces in Indonesia can be attributed to this phenomenon. This study also indicates a strong positive spatial correlation of inclusive development. Our findings point to the need for policies to promote people's use of the internet to achieve more benefits from development, balance the digital development to reduce the harmful effects of the digital divide, and consider the spatial aspects when making policies to promote inclusive development.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHARING ECONOMY IN THE FORMATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL CLUSTER

This article is devoted to the research of the cluster’s formation of educational services in the conditions of the development of economic relations, which reflect the modern manifestations of the sharing economy. The cluster of educational services is considered the example of a municipal autonomous educational institution in Krasnoyarsk, forming a complex of interacting participants characterized by geographical connectivity. The cluster's activities reflect not only educational processes, for the purpose of improving and accessibility of which it was created, but also economic relations that affect their effectiveness. A range of unresolved problems such as the impact of regulatory regulation, the existence of contractual relations and the need to elaborate a specific concept development is identified when a cluster is formed. Consequently, the study of these processes is crucial and it determines the relevance of the chosen scientific direction.

Assessment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intervention Strategies in the Nordic Countries Using Genomic Epidemiology.

We explored how the duration, size, and number of virus transmission clusters, defined as country-specific monophyletic groups in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) phylogenetic tree, differed among the Nordic countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. Our results suggest that although geographical connectivity, population density, and openness influence the spread and the size of SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters, the different country-specific intervention strategies had the largest impact. We also found a significant positive association between the size and duration of transmission clusters in the Nordic countries, suggesting that the rapid deployment of contact tracing is a key response measure in reducing virus transmission.

Digital Financial Inclusion, Spatial Spillover, and Household Consumption: Evidence from China

Financial development is often considered one of the main drivers promoting household consumption. As a form of financial development, whether digital financial inclusion can promote household consumption has been a concern for researchers and policymakers. Considering geographical connectivity characteristics, we examine the effects of digital financial inclusion on household consumption by applying spatial econometric models and using data from 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2018. The impact of digital financial inclusion is further disaggregated into direct, indirect, and total impacts. The results show that if digital financial inclusion is improved by 1%, household consumption will correspondingly increase by 0.2207%. The spatial spillover effect on neighboring areas is negative: a 1% increase in the level of digital financial inclusion of nearby provinces leads to a 0.1289% decrease in household consumption in the local province. For policymakers, it is necessary to balance the development of digital financial inclusion and view different areas as a whole when making policies to promote consumption. Further analysis based on subsamples finds that the effect of digital financial inclusion on household consumption is more considerable for rural households than for urban households.

Bryde's whales in the North‐East Atlantic: New insights on site fidelity and connectivity between oceanic archipelagos

Abstract The conservation of marine megafauna presents numerous difficulties owing to their high mobility over difficult‐to‐access oceanic areas that impairs the collection of basic, but essential, biological information. The Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) is one of the most elusive species of baleen whales, and although it is known to be a seasonal visitor to several archipelagos in Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira, and Canaries), there are no studies regarding its occurrence or geographical connectivity in this area of the Atlantic. A 14‐year photographic database was used to determine short‐term (intra‐seasonal) and long‐term (inter‐annual) Bryde's whale site fidelity and to estimate individual residency times in Madeira, whereas photographic catalogues from Madeira and the Canaries were compared in order to assess large‐scale movements (i.e. on the scale of hundreds of kilometres). In Madeira, 59 individuals were identified, 27 (45.8%) of which were recaptured. Of these, 10 individuals (37.0%) presented short‐term site fidelity and 17 individuals (63.0%) presented long‐term site fidelity, with a maximum recapture interval of 12 years. Lagged identification rates showed that five individuals (SE = 2) remained in the area for 32 days (SE = 108 days) before leaving and not returning during the same year. Seven individuals were seen both in Madeira and the Canaries (catalogue comprising 51 individuals), three of which were identified multiple times in both archipelagos, with a minimum of 43 days between consecutive sightings. This information combined with the fact that this species is commonly sighted accompanied by calves and feeding in both archipelagos highlights the ecological importance of this area for Bryde's whales. This should be taken into consideration by policymakers when implementing conservation measures, where coordination of effort among countries is needed. This study also reinforces the value of using data from platforms of opportunity and of making photographic data open access.

Regional Connectivity in Pakistan and Central Asian Republics

This article analyzes the emerging economic corridors and growing geographical connectivity in Pakistan and Central Asian Republics (CARs). It hypothesizes that economic corridors and infrastructure building in CARs and Pakistan are connecting inaccessible areas to prosperous regions. The idea of geographical connectivity through economic corridors is not new for landlocked Central Asia and least connected South Asia. In the past some efforts have been made to connect South Asia with Central Asia by great powers. However, such efforts had been overshadowed by tensions between key regional states and political hostilities within states. Since China is facilitating Pakistan and CARs in the building of new infrastructure to make remote areas accessible, several political and regional changes are taking place. Construction of new corridors presents diverse challenges for Pakistan and Central Asia. The article specifies a conceptual understanding of regional connectivity through economic corridors, and then underlines the set-up of new infrastructure. It also assesses the problems attached to the connectivity projects. Currently, connectivity projects under the Belt and Road Initiative have been modernizing the old trade routes in Central and South Asia, and new infrastructure is being built, granting opportunities of increased trade. Even though the announcement of regional connectivity projects by China in Pakistan and CARs has raised hopes as well as suspicions, CARs and Pakistan are visibly involved in the accomplishment of regional connectivity.

МЕЗОРЕГИОН ПРИКАСПИЯ: КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ КОДЫ И ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ КОЛЬЦА

The fundamental instability of the global world, associated with the technological limitation as a marker of globalization, precedes the crisis. Mankind is currently facing a succession of crises, in which the Covid-19 pandemic being only an outward representation, a media "face". The crisis of globalization can follow two paths: First, a transformation through chaos, a "savannah world", "grey zones" where no laws except the law of force apply. Second, transformation through the creation of macro-regions. Both options imply a high risk of military conflicts throughout the space of globalization and, above all, in Southeast Asia, which will lead to an arc of instability affecting Russian interests. The key area determining the behavior of the arc of instability is the Caspian Sea region. At present, of the four possible versions of the post-global world (as of 2015: infrastructure colonialism, cosmocolonialism, ecological capitalism, macro-regionalization) two remain. Ecological capitalism has been transformed into inclusive capitalism, and macro-regionalisation turned out to be the only alternative to the initiative of K. Schwab. Currently, the macro-region is understood in three senses - geopolitical, geographical and administrative. Geographically linked 'blocks', which are the basis of geoplanetary macro-regions, can be called meso-regions. The article considers six versions of the Caspian Sea mesoregionalization: "Transcaucasia", "Anatolia", SENTO, "Pre-Caspian", "Iranian-speaking Oikumene" and "Pyatimorye". It is stated that only the strategically grounded inertial "Anatolian mesoregion" scenario and the geographically grounded realistic "Pre-Caspian" scenario have a notable probability of implementation. Of these, only the second meets Russia's interests. The military, political and economic alliance between Russia and Iran could become the core of such a region. The Caspian Sea mesoregion is economically and logistically based on the meridional North- South transport corridor. It is shown that this corridor should be connected not only to the latitudinal routes, but also to the ring infrastructure, uniting the Transcaucasus in a single whole. hus, the transition from the necessary conditions for the formation of a mesoregion (geographical connectivity, broadly understood security, common interests) to sufficient conditions is carried out. These sufficient conditions include the transition from geographical connectivity to infrastructural and economic connectivity, the creation of a "ring economy" and a "ring identity". However, in addition to transport and economic connectivity and overall military and political security, the core of a mesoregion should also have a high level of social and socio-ethnic cohesion and a common goal setting, which would allow it to be stable against external cultural and semantic manipulation. In other words, one of the sufficient conditions for the existence of a mesoregion is the unity or, at least, the compatibility of the cultural codes of the ethnic groups comprising the region. The article gives a definition of the cultural code and a sketchy way of its calculation, briefly describes the cultural codes of the Caspian countries and draws a conclusion about their compatibility and the possibility of constructing a common cultural code of the region around the interaction of Russian and Persian/Iranian cultures. Such a cultural code can be transmitted through a geoplanetary educational canon.

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Temporal variability of the genetic structure and connectivity patterns of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the seven most important fishing grounds of the Western Mediterranean Sea, were assessed using twelve microsatellite loci during 2 consecutive years (2016 and 2017), in a total of 1403 adult individuals. A high level of geographical connectivity among groups was observed in the two studied years. In fact, no significant geographical differentiation was found in 2016 (FST = 0.0018, p > 0.05), whereas it was indicated in 2017 (FST = 0.0025, p < 0.05). This small divergence in 2017 was not attributed to the distance among locations nor to the effect of the Ibiza Channel. Significant allele frequency changes were found at local level between the 2 years (FCT = 0.0006, p < 0.05), mainly due to Blanes’ fishing ground. Larval dispersal from the North to the South through the main superficial current supports the high level of connectivity pattern found. The temporal genetic instability detected in the Blanes’ fishing ground could be explained by oceanographic temporary features. Our findings evidence only one biological unit in the study region and establish the baseline for an inter-federal management plan of A. antennatus.

Temporary clusters: a new SME clustering management model

Purpose This paper aims to explore a new model to manage small and medium enterprise (SME) clustering process that examines the geographical connectivity conditions within the existing theories on agglomeration. The presented work explores the dynamics governing the decisions related to both the duration and frequency of the different forms of these new clusters. Design/methodology/approach A clustering configurator tool is developed to assist managers for the best temporary cluster model. The configurator considers aspects related to the market, industry and classical clustering requirements as well as social capital (SC). Finally, the performance of various temporary clusters under different demand scenarios and operational conditions are studied using numerical simulation. Findings The results examined the performance of the new clusters under various internal and external defining indicators against potential economic growth, technology spillover and the new metric of SC. The results offered interesting observations suggesting various recommendations to promote these new models to SMEs as well as how to better manage them. Research limitations/implications The presented results are understood in the context of the suggested settings of relationships and scoring weights. Practical implications The new form of clusters will help SMEs overcome the feasibility challenge when considering re-locating to existing clusters while reaping many of these clusters benefits. Furthermore, different recommendations for management aimed at enhancing clustering decisions and the efficiency of SMEs in these new setups are presented. Originality/value This paper suggests a new clustering management approach that capitalizes on the temporal domain rather than classical space or the digital clusters domains. Also, a new management concept called dynamic matching is suggested. SC is considered among clustering objectives which was disregarded in similar studies.