The paper discusses the fate of the discipline of geography in Poland under Nazi occupation during World War II. The war interrupted the development of geographical research and education initiated in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s. Schools, universities, research centres and libraries were shut down by the new German ‘administrator’. The geographical community was one of the groups of intellectuals that the Nazis targeted with many destructive measures to prevent a possible revival of an independent Polish state and to prevent uprisings against the German occupiers. Despite the dangers, Polish geographers developed underground teaching programmes and continued to undertake research. This paper details the structure and functioning of the underground geography teaching and research programme in Nazi-occupied Poland, including a focus on the research and teaching carried out in POW camps and concentration camps.