Geographical Attachment Research Articles

К вопросу о применении экспериментального правового режима в области телемедицины в России

The digitalization of society leads to the transfer of public relations into electronic form. Telemedicine is a new way of providing medical care. The undoubted advantages of telemedicine are cost reduction, the possibility of surgical intervention and constant monitoring of the patient's health, and the absence of geographical attachment. However, the introduction of a new method of providing medical care in the form of remote interaction with a patient using telemedicine technologies is impossible without experimenting with its use. Also, insurmountable conflicts may arise between the legal norms intended to regulate telemedicine activities and the legal norms in the field of telemedicine. Of particular value when making changes to legal regulation is the observance of a balance of interests, countering violations of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the individual. In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, it is possible to test new legal norms with the help of experimental legal regimes. The experimental legal regime is aimed at testing a new version of the legal regulation of public relations. Currently, the Russian Federation has introduced an experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovations in the field of medical activity, including the use of telemedicine technologies and technologies for collecting and processing information about the health status and diagnoses of citizens. However, the legal norms establishing this experimental legal regime do not introduce new legislation on telemedicine activities.

Distances in a geographical attachment network model

Distances between nodes are one of the most essential subjects in the study of complex networks. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of two types of distances in a model of geographic attachment networks: the typical distance and the flooding time. By generating an auxiliary tree and using a continuous-time branching process, we demonstrate that in this model the typical distance is asymptotically normal, and the flooding time converges to a given constant in probability as well.

Species acclimatization pathways: Latitudinal shifts and timing adjustments to track ocean warming

Poleward distributional shifts and phenological adjustments are universal ecological responses to ocean warming. Though they are commonly addressed as independent processes, phenology usually depends on the latitudinal location where an organism lives. Such interaction can mask the actual impacts of warming and may even constrain the ability of a species to cope with ocean warming. We propose a framework to analyse alternative acclimatization pathways that accounts for pure distributional shifts, pure phenological adjustments, and mixed response. We tested this analysing drivers of observed changes in the spawning of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in northeast Atlantic in 1992–2019. Since species had contrasting population trajectories, data from the same survey is suitable to test whether shifts are driven by warming or density-dependence. Species showed contrasting responses to warming; horse mackerel spawned earlier (11.7 ± 1.5 days/°C of warming), whilst Atlantic mackerel shifted northward (367 ± 22 km/°C of warming). The narrower reproductive thermal niche of horse mackerel resulted in a tight coupling between latitude and timing of spawning that is consistent with geographical attachment, and an acclimatization constrained to an earlier phenology. The northward shift of Atlantic mackerel might be associated to its wider thermal reproductive niche, which enables prolonged migrations and almost synchronous spawning along the Atlantic margin. Results support our framework underpinning that acclimatization can combine or exclude timing and poleward shift, which could depend on species traits. These new insights are useful for fisheries management and to improve habitat projections under climate change.

The Fabrics of Home: Remembering the Indo-European Repatriation in Contractpensions-Djangan Loepah!

Abstract When a large group of Indo-Europeans had to repatriate to a country many had never set foot in, they set in motion an unforeseen culture of remembrance. The subsequent narratives of forced migration – or rather narratives of belonging – deal with memories of home. Whereas first-generation repatriates predominantly used literature to document their memories, the second-generation remembers the past in the cinematic field of the cultural imaginary. Focusing on the documentary Contractpensions by a second-generation Indo-European, this article explores representations of the repatriate Indo-European experience and the relation between the current country in which they reside and the homeland of earlier generations. Of particular significance are the tensions between geographical attachment, their repatriate identity, and a brittle Dutch nationality. The article argues that the idea of home is central to these tensions, and that place, belonging and citizenship are the threads of home that weave Indo-European repatriate culture and identity into being.

Identifying tourism destinations from tourists’ travel patterns

Traditionally, tourism destinations have been delineated following administrative boundaries. However, it is questionable whether these boundaries are the most desirable spatial configurations to facilitate tourists’ flows and the management of services within a geographical area. Several authors have argued that the way in which tourists consume a destination needs to be taken into consideration in order to improve destination planning and management. This study advocates the geographical functionality of destinations based on destination travel patterns for the geographical consumption of their attractions and services. Territoriality of aggregated travel patterns within two different rural areas are explored to propose consumer-based destinations which would be better adapted to consumer needs. Furthermore, consumer-based destinations may improve destination planning and management by providing tourism actors with information on how tourists consume the destination. This study contributes with methodological innovation by combining network and geographical analysis to explore a network of aggregated travel patterns and its geographical attachment. Thus, the main contribution of this study is the opportunity to adapt the destination to tourists by identifying consumer-based destinations boundaries and the factors that influence the specific travel patterns within the destinations. Ultimately, these travel patterns determine the size and shape of destinations from a social construction perspective, which differs from an administrative one. Secondly, the study reveals the role that certain attractions and accommodation hubs play in overlapping different destinations regions, and the opportunities this offers for improving destination planning and management.

SMALL-WORLD EFFECT IN GEOGRAPHICAL ATTACHMENT NETWORKS

AbstractIn this work, we use rigorous probabilistic methods to study the asymptotic degree distribution, clustering coefficient, and diameter of geographical attachment networks. As a type of small-world network model, these networks were first proposed in the physical literature, where they were analyzed only with heuristic arguments and computational simulations.

Bangladesh–Nepal Trade Relations: Understanding the Influence of Economic Diplomacy

Economic diplomacy is one of the most important means through which governments comprehend their national interests. Bangladesh–Nepal bilateral relations, featuring equal and sincere treatment, mutual support and friendship for generations, can be an example for relations between two countries. Nepal’s relationship with Bangladesh is unique. The relations have improved and the major stake in the relationship lies in strengthening the border areas and in improving people-to-people contact and furthering economic relations and trade. Economic and commercial relations between Nepal and Bangladesh have been growing steadily over the years. However, the volume of bilateral trade has not seen much improvement despite tremendous potentials for expanding and diversifying trade between the two countries. Attaching importance to the influence of economic diplomacy, Bangladesh Government has to focus on convincing people, even some of its neighbors, as well as South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) framework of SAARC that Bangladesh offers excellent investment opportunities and that the overall investment climate is conducive to foreign investment. Economic diplomacy of Bangladesh should go beyond political relations and help pave a way for globalization. Nepal and Bangladesh have to keep friendly relations with India because of their similar cultural and religious traditions and geographical attachment.

Trends in Health Science Research as Reflected in IJMR (1945–2015): A Bibliometric Study

Analytical research is used to provide a quantitative analysis of academic literature . It is also used in mapping the implication of research in the concerned field. It is useful to assess research quality and on the account of the assessment results, allocates the position of the academic institutions. This paper highlights the different publications of health science in India published in “Indian Journal of Medical Research” and indexed in SCOPUS database. Here is an attempt to discuss the research papers, authors affiliation to different academic and research organizations, authors contribution and preferably this paper highlights the author’s geographical attachment. Bibliometric indicators including total articles, independent articles, collaborative ar­ticles, first author articles, and corresponding author articles were analyzed to compare publications between different countries and organizations. All the data and information were retrieved from the SCOPUS database on 27 April 2016 for a period from 1945 to 2015. Indian researchers have their collaboration with other 77 countries and contributed 8331 research outputs to the health sector. There are only 12,177 papers published in this journal, where New Delhi is ahead among all the major cities in India with 1686 number of publications. The number can be more if proper encouragement and adequate infrastructure is provided to the health science researchers. More collaboration can be appreciated for the improvement of research activity.

Внутривидовая генетическая дифференциация соловья-красношейки (Luscinia сalliope): данные секвенирования гена цитохрома b мтДНК

For the first time, genetic diversity and intraspecific subdivision of Luscinia calliope was studied according to the data of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequencing. The strong differentiation of haplotypes of the Siberian Rubythroat into western and eastern groups, which include subspecies according to their geographical attachment, was revealed. A high-haplotypic (Hd = 0.986) and nucleotide (pi = 0.00875) variety was shown for the species as a whole. We revealed considerable genetic distances (pi = 0.016) between the western and eastern haplotypes that were four times higher than the intraspecific distances in terms of cytochrome b for passerines (D = 0.004). For three birds from Transbaikal, significant genetic divergence was detected, which could indirectly indicate the existence of the transition zone of several subspecies in this part of the area.

Understanding what controls the spawning distribution of North Sea whiting (Merlangius merlangus) using a multi‐model approach

AbstractThe processes that control the spatial distribution of North Sea whiting (Merlangius merlangus) spawning adults are investigated using a statistical multi‐model approach. Models of external and internal controls on the population, such as environmental conditions, spatial constraints, present or past spatial distribution, and demographic state of the population, are evaluated, compared and ranked to select those that are the best able to predict the observed distribution of spawning adults. Model selection is greatly influenced by the selection method, either based on data fitting or prediction, as well as by the threshold value used to stop the selection. Model selection based on prediction tends to select simpler models than selection based on data fitting. The hypotheses underlying the selected models are inferred to play a significant role in controlling North Sea whiting spatial distribution. The multi‐model inference approach developed in this study enables comparison of several theoretical concepts and hypotheses and the results provide important clues on the processes involved in the control of the spatial distribution of whiting. We conclude that whiting has a high spatial fidelity to spawning site which can be linked to either geographical attachment or year‐to‐year persistence of the spatial distribution of the population. Environmental factors – temperature and salinity – appear to influence the geographical extent of spawning whiting distribution, whereas local abundance levels are primarily controlled by internal factors, i.e., population size and spatial segregation between ages.

Understanding what controls the spatial distribution of fish populations using a multi‐model approach

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the distribution of organisms in heterogeneous environments lies at the heart of ecology. The spatial distribution of fish populations observed in the wild results from the complex interactions of multiple controls both external or internal to the fish populations. Whilst species distribution models (SDMs) have been mostly concerned with static description of species distribution as a function of environmental constraints, models of animal movements (MAMs) have focussed on the dynamic nature of spatial distribution of groups of individuals under a number of constraints external and internal to the population. Besides SDMs and MAMs, modelling the spatial distribution of fish populations can be achieved by models that are fundamentally static (like SDMs) but can also incorporate many hypotheses on the control of fish spatial distribution (like MAMs). The hypotheses underlying these models need to make sense at the population level ‐ rather than at the individual or species level –we term these ‘population distribution models’ (PDMs). PDMs are statistical models that rely on several hypotheses, which include: (i) control through geographical attachment, (ii) environmental conditions, (iii) density‐dependent habitat selection, (iv) spatial dependency, (v) population demographic structure, (vi) species interactions and (vii) population memory. We review the basis behind each of these conceptual models and we examine corresponding numerical applications. We argue that the conceptual models are complementary rather than competing, that existing numerical applications are still rarely compared and combined, and that PDMs can offer a statistical framework to achieve this. We recommend that the numerical models associated with different hypotheses be constructed within such a common general framework. This will permit evaluation, comparison and combination of the multiple hypotheses on fish spatial distribution. It will ultimately lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling the spatial distribution of fish populations and to more accurate predictions in which model uncertainty is accounted for.

Topological fractal networks introduced by mixed degree distribution

Several fundamental properties of real complex networks, such as the small-world effect, the scale-free degree distribution, and recently discovered topological fractal structure, have presented the possibility of a unique growth mechanism and allow for uncovering universal origins of collective behaviors. However, highly clustered scale-free network, with power-law degree distribution, or small-world network models, with exponential degree distribution, are not self-similarity. We investigate networks growth mechanism of the branching-deactivated geographical attachment preference that learned from certain empirical evidence of social behaviors. It yields high clustering and spectrums of degree distribution ranging from algebraic to exponential, average shortest path length ranging from linear to logarithmic. We observe that the present networks fit well with small-world graphs and scale-free networks in both limit cases (exponential and algebraic degree distribution, respectively), obviously lacking self-similar property under a length-scale transformation. Interestingly, we find perfect topological fractal structure emerges by a mixture of both algebraic and exponential degree distributions in a wide range of parameter values. The results present a reliable connection among small-world graphs, scale-free networks and topological fractal networks, and promise a natural way to investigate universal origins of collective behaviors.

Evolving small-world networks with geographical attachment preference

We introduce a minimal extended evolving model for small-world networks which is controlled by a parameter. In this model the network growth is determined by the attachment of new nodes to already existing nodes that are geographically close. We analyze several topological properties for our model both analytically and by numerical simulations. The resulting network shows some important characteristics of real-life networks such as the small-world effect and a high clustering.

Growing networks with geographical attachment preference: emergence of small worlds.

We introduce a simple mechanism for the evolution of small world networks. Our model is a growing network in which all connections are made locally to geographically nearby sites. Although connections are made purely locally, network growth leads to stretching of old connections and to high clustering. Our results suggest that the abundance of small world networks in geographically constrained systems is a natural consequence of system growth and local interactions.

Medical specialists' choice of location: The role of geographical attachment in Norway

The relation between current place of work (area of the country) and factors that might possibly represent doctors geographical attachments was studied in a sample of 322 Norwegian medical specialists. Location of hospital residency, age and geographical origin of spouse were associated with current location. Geographical attachment seems to influence doctors' locational choices from start of medical school until the end of their residency. The probability that a doctor shall locate in peripheral areas may increase from less than 10% to more than 50% if the doctor has the residency training in the periphery. Hence, favoring entrance to medical schools of students from the undeserved areas, and location of graduate and postgraduate medical training in the underserved areas, as far as it is feasible while still maintaining medical standards, is suggested by the study.