Geographic Information System Simulation Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis of Geographic Information System Impact on Urban Areas Management

Geographic Information System is a global phenomenon that has revolutionized technology and is receiving much attention currently. To objectively conceptualize the research context of Geographic Information System (GIS) impact on human settlement, bibliometrix and biblioshiny software packages were applied to conduct data mining and qualitative analysis. Research papers including journals and articles in the fields of GIS and Urban Areas management spanning from 2000 to 2023 were extracted. This scientific data was extracted on 8TH January 2023 in the Publish or Perish core collection database. The results indicated that: publications fell from 2000 to 2001, however, they increased a bit in 2002. There was no significant change until 2007 when there was a slight increase in publications up to 2008. Geographic Information Systems, flood-prone areas, urban areas, suitable areas, rural areas and maps are the most frequently used keywords in the field of GIS and urban areas management in recent years. Consequently, the paper concludes that the research directions on GIS impact on human settlement management in future include the following processes and mechanisms: the application of state-of-the-art GIS technologies, the introduction of GIS crime monitoring innovations for urban centers, robust GIS simulation innovations to enhance urban resilience and digitization of human settlements for promotion of sustainable, Smart and Blue Cities. Finally, research into the creation of geo-spatial database platforms and data infrastructure for human or urban centers should be promoted. This paper aims to review the literature on the significance of GIS as a powerful tool in addressing the complexities and challenges inherent in urban environments.

A GIS and hybrid simulation aided environmental impact assessment of city-scale demolition waste management

• Scant attention is paid to environmental impact of demolition waste management (DWM). • We propose a novel evaluation model that combines GIS and system hybrid simulation. • We verify the efficacy of the model through an empirical analysis in Shenzhen, China. • The model is a promising tool to assess environmental impact of city-scale DWM. A considerable amount of demolition waste (DW) generated by urbanization and urban renewal has brought significant threats to the environment. However, there is a serious lack of environmental impact assessment towards city-scale demolition waste management (DWM), particularly from the systematical and dynamical perspective. Traditionally the assessment has been conducted from a static perspective. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of city-scale DWM from a complex system perspective. A novel evaluation model was developed by innovatively integrating the geographic information system (GIS) and system hybrid simulation consisting of system dynamics (SD), agent-based modeling (ABM) and discrete event simulation (DES). The proposed model was verified. Based on an empirical analysis of Shenzhen, China, it is found that the environmental impact of city-scale DWM is mainly concentrated in the central and northeastern regions of Shenzhen, demonstrating spatial heterogeneity and regional aggregation. Furthermore, the results reveal that the model is robust and effective to assess environmental impact from four aspects, i.e., land occupation, water pollution, air pollution and energy consumption. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the status quo of city-scale DWM and accompanying environmental impacts, and coordinating various district governments to formulate effective DWM policies.

An Integrated GIS-Hydro Modeling Methodology for Surface Runoff Exploitation via Small-Scale Reservoirs

Efficient and sustainable exploitation of water resources requires the adoption of innovative and contemporary management techniques, a need that becomes even more demanding due to climate change and increasing pressures coming from anthropogenic activities. An important outcome of this reality is the qualitative and quantitative degradation of groundwater, which clearly indicates the need to exploit surface runoff. This study presents an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS)-based methodological framework for revealing and selecting suitable locations to build small-scale reservoirs and exploit surface runoff. In this framework, the SWAT model was used to quantify surface runoff, followed by the simulation of reservoir scenarios through reservoir simulation software. Andros Island (located in Cyclades Prefecture), Greece was selected as the study area. The obtained results indicated the most suitable location for creating a reservoir for maximizing exploitation of surface runoff, based on the specific water demands of the nearby areas and the existing meteorological, hydrological, and geological background potential. Thus, two selected dam locations are analyzed by using the proposed framework. The findings showed that the first dam site is inappropriate for creating a reservoir, as it cannot meet the demand for large water extraction volumes. In addition, the outcomes confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methodology in optimum selection of locations to construct small-scale water exploitation works. This research presents a contemporary methodological framework that highlights the capability of GIS, SWAT modeling, and reservoir simulation coupling in detecting optimal locations for constructing small reservoirs.

Site Assessment for MAR through GIS and Modeling in West Coast, South Africa

Towns along the West Coast of South Africa are facing water shortages due to climate change and increasing water demand. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is considered as a solution to improve water security. This paper presents a two-step method of combining geographic information system (GIS) based analysis with numerical modeling to select suitable sites for implementing MAR in the West Coast area. Many factors were taken into account to generate the initial map for suitable sites through GIS based analysis. Subsequently, groundwater flow modeling was adopted to verify and optimize the suitable sites selected by GIS based analysis. The result showed that the map for suitable sites produced by the GIS based analysis was reasonable from a spatial aspect, but due to the lack of groundwater seepage information, the most suitable sites developed are not necessarily the optimal choices in practice. With the aid of both the spatial analysis in GIS and seepage simulation, this two-step analysis approach provides a reliable solution to identify suitable sites for implementing MAR. This approach provides a much better reference to the study of suitable sites and possible impacts of implementing MAR in an aquifer in similar areas with water stress.

A Python-based GIS Simulation of the Spatial and Temporal Variation in Evapotranspiration

Abstract. An assessment of potential evapotranspiration (ET) and direct evaporation is important for informed land management from agriculture to wetlands restoration. These processes vary in space and time, depending on vegetation, soils, and climate throughout the year. Much data has been collected in order to quantify ET for individual plots of land, but means have not been available to provide an integrated view on a landscape scale. A methodology has been developed and an implementing Python script has been written to assess and display the spatial and temporal variability of ET and direct evaporation using a geographic information system (GIS). The methodology utilizes publicly available inputs for broad applicability, and the calculations can be performed for a site with multiple land covers and soil textures. In addition to a visual representation of ET and direct evaporation in space and time, the Python script produces a text file of water losses that could be used in water balance calculations also incorporating precipitation, overland flow and infiltration. The methodology has been demonstrated on a site within Pershing State Park in Linn County, Missouri, and produces results consistent with those expected from hand calculations. All data and code are available in GitHub (https://github.com/TrauthK/Wetlands). Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Evaporation, GIS simulation, Hydrologic modeling, Hydrologic cycle, Python, Raster data, Wetland restoration.

The Research on the relationship between urban land and population -- Based on CA model of GIS

The study of the relationship between urban land and its population can further uncover the simple nature behind the complex relationship of urban elements, which is of critical theory and practical significance for solving the contradictions of the environment, economy and population for the current city. This paper, based on the geographic information system (GIS), has created a integrating model, taken cellular automaton (CA) as the dominant center. It would become an important point for the study of urban population and land relations in China. Moreover, the artificial neural network, intelligent system of genetic algorithm and related mathematical theories are introduced under the premise of the CA- GIS model. At the same time, the Urban Dynamics model is also given. Based on the theory, the model is developed into an intelligent integrated model system, and then some basic ideas for creating intelligent CA- GIS simulation experiment methods are pointed out.

Measuring eco-roof mitigation on flash floods via GIS simulation

Purpose The rapid and ongoing expansion of urbanised impervious areas could lead to more frequent flood inundation in urban flood-prone regions. Nowadays, urban flood inundation induced by rainstorm is an expensive natural disaster in many countries. In order to reduce the flooding risk, eco-roof systems (or green roof systems) could be considered as an effective mechanism of mitigating flooding disasters through their rainwater retention capability. However, there is still a lack of examining the stormwater management tool. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects on flooding disaster from extensive green roofs. Design/methodology/approach Based on geographical information system (GIS) simulation, this research presents a frame of assessing eco-roof impacts on urban flash floods. The approach addresses both urban rainfall-runoff and underground hydrologic models for traditional impervious and green roofs. Deakin University’s Geelong Waurn Ponds campus is chosen as a study case. GIS technologies are then utilised to visualise and analyse the effects on flood inundation from surface properties of building roofs. Findings The results reveal that the eco-roof systems generate varying degrees of mitigation of urban flood inundation with different return period storms. Originality/value Although the eco-roof technology is considered as an effective stormwater management tool, it is not commonly adopted and examined in urban floods. This study will bring benefits to urban planners for raising awareness of hazard impacts and to construction technicians for considering disaster mitigation via roof technologies. The approach proposed here could be used for the disaster mitigation in future urban planning.

GIS-based dynamic modelling and analysis of flash floods considering land-use planning

ABSTRACTFlood inundation is a common natural disaster and a growing development challenge for many cities and thousands of small towns around the world. Soil features have frequently altered with the rapid development of urbanised regions, which has led to more frequent and longer duration of flooding in urban flood-prone regions. Thus, this paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology for measuring and visualising the effects on urban flash floods generated by land-use changes over time. The measurement is formulated with a time series in order to perform a dynamic analysis. A catchment mesh is introduced into a hydrological model for reflecting the spatial layouts of infrastructure and structures over different construction periods. The Geelong Waurn Ponds campus of Deakin University is then selected as a case study. Based on GIS simulation and mapping technologies, this research illustrates the evolutionary process of flash floods. The paper then describes flood inundation for different built environments and presents a comparison by quantifying the flooding extents for infrastructure and structures. The results reveal that the GIS-based estimation model can examine urban flash floods in different development phases and identify the change of flooding extents in terms of land-use planning. This study will bring benefits to urban planners in raising awareness of flood impact and the approach proposed here could be used for flood mitigation through future urban planning.

Assessment of rainfall-induced shallow landslide susceptibility using a GIS-based probabilistic approach

This study proposes a probabilistic analysis method to assess shallow landslide susceptibility over an extensive area by integrating an infinite slope model with GIS (Geographic Information System) and Monte Carlo simulation, taking into consideration the inherent uncertainty and variability in input parameters. The mechanical parameters of soil materials (such as cohesion and friction angle) used in the infinite slope analysis have been identified as the major source of uncertainty because of their spatial variability; therefore, these parameters were considered as random variables in this probabilistic landslide analysis. To properly account for the uncertainty in input parameters, the probabilistic analysis method used was Monte Carlo simulation. The process was carried out in a GIS-based environment because GIS has effective spatial data-processing capacity over broad areas. In addition, the hydrogeological model was coupled with the infinite slope model to evaluate increases in pore water pressure caused by rainfall.The proposed approach was applied to a practical example to evaluate its feasibility. The landslide inventory map and the spatial database for input parameters were constructed in a grid-based GIS environment and a probabilistic analysis was implemented using Monte Carlo simulation. To evaluate the performance of the model, the results of the probabilistic landslide susceptibility analysis were compared with the landslide inventory. The probabilistic approach demonstrated good predictive performance when compared with the landslide occurrence location. In addition, deterministic analysis was carried out using fixed single-input data for comparison with the results from the proposed approach. In this comparison, the probabilistic analysis showed better performance than the deterministic analysis. In addition, the results showed that proper consideration and understanding of uncertainties play an important role in accurately predicting shallow landslide susceptibility.

Enabling Digital Earth simulation models using cloud computing or grid computing – two approaches supporting high-performance GIS simulation frameworks

Geospatial simulation models can help us understand the dynamic aspects of Digital Earth. To implement high-performance simulation models for complex geospatial problems, grid computing and cloud computing are two promising computational frameworks. This research compares the benefits and drawbacks of both in Web-based frameworks by testing a parallel Geographic Information System (GIS) simulation model (Schelling's residential segregation model). The parallel GIS simulation model was tested on XSEDE (a representative grid computing platform) and Amazon EC2 (a representative cloud computing platform). The test results demonstrate that cloud computing platforms can provide almost the same parallel computing capability as high-end grid computing frameworks. However, cloud computing resources are more accessible to individual scientists, easier to request and set up, and have more scalable software architecture for on-demand and dedicated Web services. These advantages may attract more geospatial scientists to utilize cloud computing for the development of Digital Earth simulation models in the future.

Using indicators and models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture management: the anchovy fishery and Pacific oyster culture in Chile: case studies

This study illustrate the use of indicators and models to support the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture management using two case studies in Chile: prediction of environmental variability effects upon anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery of northern Chile and prediction of suitable sites and carrying capacity of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) culture using FARM and geographic information system (GIS) models in the Valdivia estuary. A three stage approach was applied: Stage 1 considers spatio- temporal ecosystem indicators (fisheries, aquaculture, environmental, and regulatory), Stage 2 uses statistical relationships between indicators, GIS, and other simulation models (e.g., artificial neural networks and FARM) of environment-resources interaction, and Stage 3 is the analysis and validation of models outputs. The methodology illustrates how indicators and models may be used to assist decision-makers in developing an ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture. The application of these approaches provides an integrative methodology for abundance prediction of anchovy and site selection for shellfish aquaculture, despite limitations in the available data.

Integrating GIS and Microscopic Traffic Simulation to Analyze Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Construction

AbstractInfrastructure rehabilitation is critical to assuring the proper functioning of a nation’s transportation infrastructure. While the goal of rehabilitation is typically to restore or improve the performance of the transportation system, the construction activity itself disrupts traffic and worsens the already-congested transportation network with unsafe work zones. Traffic simulation models are becoming widely used in evaluating such disruption in a controlled environment without physical implementation. Though rapid increase in computer processing power has made microscopic simulation feasible, developing valid models is still a tedious and time-consuming task that is prone to errors. This paper presents a study to automate development of microscopic traffic simulation models in a large-scale network by integrating the geographic information system (GIS) and microscopic traffic simulation. This study adopted an integration approach and developed a framework to combine GIS macro- and microscopic mo...

Slope stability analysis based on the integration of GIS and numerical simulation

Abstract The integration of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the numerical simulation for slope stability analysis is investigated in this paper. The powerful spatial analysis functions of GIS such as automatic profile generation and gridding of the digital elevation model (DEM) are used in the preliminary treatment of numerical modeling, and a program for transforming GIS data to a commercial finite difference code FLAC has been developed using FLAC's built-in programming language, FISH. At last, for demonstrating the reliability of this technique, the stability analysis of Xuecheng slope in 2D and 3D is performed and discussed. The preprocessing of data using GIS software for slope numerical simulation leads to saving time and money besides providing the real world data for use in numerical modeling.

The Role of NGII in Disaster Management and Mitigation Program

Disaster is a sudden, accidental event that causes many deaths and injuries. Spatial data and related technologies such as Geographical Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), remote sensing, have proven to be crucial for disaster management in such a way that without spatial data, one can not expect effective and ef! cient disaster management Although spatial data can facilitate disaster management, there are substantial problems with collection, access, dissemination and usage of required spatial data for disaster management. If each of the involved organizations in disaster management community collects some part of required spatial data for disaster response during their everyday business and emergency situation, required spatial data will be available to all participants. Sharing information between involved parties in order to facilitate coordinated disaster response operations is another challenge in disaster management. This includes the development of a prototype web-based system which can facilitate sharing, access and use of data in disaster management and especially disaster response. Geospatial data are the initial input for GIS and Emergency Response Modeling and Simulation Systems. In an emergency situation, different organizations become involved in disaster response. Survey Department, along with several other departments of Government of Nepal, jointly conducted several studies related to different types of disasters and their impacts. Survey Department has taken a lead in the creation of a National Geographic Information Infrastructure (NGII) in Nepal to share Geographic information. The mission of the programme is to strengthen planning and resources management through the development of geographic information infrastructure for the access of Geographic and attribute data for planning and decision making. Access to metadata information for all available geographic and related data could only assist in such initiatives.

Combining GIS and forest fire simulation in a virtual reality environment for environmental management

Millions of hectares of forest are destroyed by fire worldwide each year. In order to prevent this ecological and economic disaster, the efficiency of brushwood clearing operations has been proven. It is especially important around urban areas where human lives and properties are at risk. However in France, even if such operations are imposed by the law, it is not always followed in practice especially due to a lack of information. In this paper, we propose a tool designed for pedagogical and decision making purposes to demonstrate the benefits of brushwood clearing operations. Our application allows to simulate and to visualize a fire spread on real areas under different brush-clearing conditions graphically defined by the user. The core of our application is a 3D visualization of a fire spread model combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS). Millones de hectáreas de bosques son destruidas por el fuego en todo el mundo cada año. Para evitar este desastre ecológico y económico, la eficiencia de las operaciones de limpieza de maleza se ha probado. Es especialmente importante en torno a las zonas urbanas, donde la vida humana y los bienes se encuentran en riesgo. Sin embargo, en Francia, aun cuando dichas operaciones son impuestas por la ley, no siempre son seguidas en la práctica, sobre todo debido a la falta de información. En este trabajo se propone una herramienta diseñada para la pedagogía y que pretenda hacer propósitos para demostrar los beneficios de las operaciones de limpieza de matorrales. Nuestra aplicación permite simular y visualizar la propagación del fuego en las áreas reales en diferentes condiciones de forma gráfica definidos por el usuario. El núcleo de nuestra aplicación es una visualización en 3D de un modelo de propagación del fuego combinado con un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS). Milions d'hectàrees de boscos són destruïdes pel foc a tot el món cada any. Per evitar aquest desastre ecològic i econòmic, l'eficiència de les operacions de neteja de mala herba s'ha aprovat. És especialment important al voltant de les zones urbanes, on la vida humana i els béns es troben en risc. No obstant això, a França, tot i que aquestes operacions són imposades per la llei, no sempre són seguides a la pràctica, sobretot a causa de la falta d'informació. En aquest treball es proposa una eina dissenyada per a la pedagogia i que pretengui fer propòsits per demostrar els beneficis de les operacions de neteja de matolls. La nostra aplicació permet simular i visualitzar la propagació del foc a les àrees reals de forma gràfica en diferents condicions definides per l'usuari. El nucli de la nostra aplicació és una visualització en 3D d'un model de propagació del foc combinat amb un Sistema d'Informació Geogràfica (GIS).