Abstract
This study illustrate the use of indicators and models to support the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture management using two case studies in Chile: prediction of environmental variability effects upon anchovy (Engraulis ringens) fishery of northern Chile and prediction of suitable sites and carrying capacity of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) culture using FARM and geographic information system (GIS) models in the Valdivia estuary. A three stage approach was applied: Stage 1 considers spatio- temporal ecosystem indicators (fisheries, aquaculture, environmental, and regulatory), Stage 2 uses statistical relationships between indicators, GIS, and other simulation models (e.g., artificial neural networks and FARM) of environment-resources interaction, and Stage 3 is the analysis and validation of models outputs. The methodology illustrates how indicators and models may be used to assist decision-makers in developing an ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture. The application of these approaches provides an integrative methodology for abundance prediction of anchovy and site selection for shellfish aquaculture, despite limitations in the available data.
Highlights
Fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 110 million tonnes of fish food in 2006 (~16.7 kg per capita), which is among the highest on record (FAO, 2009)
This study aims to contribute to the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) and the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) and thereby improve the management of coastal systems, where fisheries and aquaculture occur or are being planned
The PFG model is supported by past evidence, showing the spatial and temporal distribution of anchovy, and by the optimal ranges of sea surface temperature (SST), thermal gradients (TGRs) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), that were recorded in the fishing zones
Summary
Fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 110 million tonnes of fish food in 2006 (~16.7 kg per capita), which is among the highest on record (FAO, 2009). EAA management applications should include predictions of environmental variability effects on aquaculture, to estimate carrying capacity and identify suitable sites for farms (Aguilar-Manjarrez et al, 2010). The ecosystem should be taken into account when making predictions of the fisheries’ abundance, suitable sites for aquaculture, potential aquaculture production and economic outputs to minimise environmental impacts and social conflicts, maximise economic returns (GESAMP, 2001; García et al, 2003), and ensure sustainable development (Kapetsky & Aguilar-Manjarrez, 2007)
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