Geographic Information System Infrastructure Research Articles

A GIS-based approach for improving urban sanitation planning and services delivery: A case study from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Spatial planning and resource allocation are decisive factors in the effective delivery of sanitation services, especially in urban contexts. In low-income countries, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the design and decision-making process in the delivery of such services is still very limited. This study, conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, designs a GIS system with a data-oriented modelling infrastructure to assist and improve faecal sludge management (FSM) in the urban context. The estimation of faecal sludge (FS) daily production is achieved through field surveys and direct observations. The spatial planning system is further used to map and analyse the spatial distribution of existing FSM infrastructure, district-wise, address the inadequate distribution of emptying trucks parking lots within the city and therefore propose suitable sites for the establishment of new faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs). Moreover, an optimal path planning circuit for faecal sludge collection, transport and evacuation is designed based on the minimization of travel distance to the nearest FSTP. The proposed framework leverages GIS in city-wide FSM, virtually appealing to all urban contexts across sub-Saharan Africa, and sheds light on urban planners and managers on the need to incorporate GIS infrastructure within urban services delivery.

Geographic Information System Mapping of Public Works Infrastructure of Kebumen Regency

Geographic Information System (GIS) is an information system that combines graphical (visual) data with text data (attributes) of geographically referenced objects on the Earth's surface. GIS is widely used today in various fields, including analysis, industries, and individual activities such as finding locations or routes to specific destinations. In this research, GIS is used to manage the digitization of infrastructure mapping in Kebumen Regency. The development objective of the GIS is to process and analyze the spatial data of infrastructure locations to generate accurate information. The waterfall method is employed in the development of this system, encompassing stages of analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance using the CodeIgniter framework. The outcome of this research is the Geographic Information System for Mapping Public Works Infrastructure in Kebumen Regency based on Leaflet. The GIS infrastructure of Kebumen Regency facilitates the public in accessing information about the existing infrastructure in the area. The testing results using the black box testing method demonstrate that the system aligns with the defined requirements. The objective of this research is to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS) that can manage and analyze the spatial data of infrastructure in Kebumen Regency, resulting in accurate information. The waterfall method is used in the development of this system, with stages including analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance using the CodeIgniter framework. The outcome of this research is the Geographic Information System for Mapping Public Works Infrastructure in Kebumen Regency based on Leaflet. With the GIS infrastructure of Kebumen Regency, the community can easily access information regarding the infrastructure in the area. This system enables users to visualize the locations of infrastructure and obtain attribute or text data related to those infrastructure objects. Through testing using the black box testing method, the system has been proven to meet the predefined requirements. This indicates that the developed GIS is reliable and provides accurate information about the infrastructure in Kebumen Regency. Thus, the development of this GIS provides significant benefits in managing spatial data of infrastructure and delivering accurate information to the public. This research has successfully achieved its objectives and produced a Geographic Information System that can be utilized as a tool for infrastructure mapping and spatial data analysis in Kebumen Regency.

Regional Trend in Ambient Air Quality Footprints in Calabar Urban, Nigeria

Poor air quality is widely considered as one of the major environmental hazards confronting several urban centres worldwide. This study examined regional trend in ambient air quality footprints in Calabar Metropolis. Data on emission level of CO, NO₂, SO₂, H₂S, and SPM_2.5 were collected using Crowcon Gasman, while point coordinates were collected using Garmin GPSMap 60CSx device. Interpolation algorithm in Geographic Information Systems infrastructure was used to generate the regional trend maps for the metropolis. Parametric analytical techniques such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to test the hypotheses, while descriptive statistics including tables, maps and standard deviation were also used to present the data based on the objectives of the study. The results of the trend surface analysis for the five (5) measured parameters show that CO and SPM_2.5 were not significant at P˃0.05 with F-ratio of 0.99 and 2.45 respectively. Thus, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant change in the regional trend in air quality across Calabar Metropolis was therefore accepted. Analysis for NO₂, SO₂ and H₂S, were significant at P < 0.05 with F-ratio of 3.47, 3.35 and 7.79 respectively, causing the null hypothesis to be rejected. It was therefore recommended that mitigatory measures should be employed for the purpose of ensuring a sustainable, clean and green urban environment.

DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE

The paper discusses the use of microservice architecture in the development of distributed geographic information systems (GIS) for collecting, processing and analyzing data. Microservice architecture is used to build applications in information systems related to solving business problems, and is not widespread in the development of geographic information systems in the scientific field. However, its application is now becoming increasingly important. Decomposition of the software implementation and GIS infrastructure associated with computations and data processing into components in the form of microservices has a number of advantages, such as: increased fault tolerance, increased flexibility, reduced maintenance effort, simplified scaling, and others. The first results of the application of the microservice approach in the development of a geoinformation system for the collection and processing of hydrological and hydrobiological data on the state of water bodies are shown. The architecture, main components, and features of building infrastructure are shown.

Assessment of the GIS-Aided Precise Approach Using the GNSS-GBAS Landing Systems

The radio navigational Instrument Landing Systems (ILSs) are currently intended to guide the aircrafts in lateral and vertical dimensions to the runway surface safely and precisely. Therefore, they are strongly related to the geographic location of an airport and its runway(s). The ILS systems use the aids of the radio frequency radiation to achieve this purpose, depending on the ground emitting stations, and providing the guidance to the runway centreline location along with the glide slope guidance during the Final Approach Segment (FAS). Furthermore, the new ILS systems are fully aided by the coordinates of the Global Positioning System (GPS) instead of the ground radiations, they use the waypoint fixes during the landing phase of flight by means of transmitting their corrections to the on-board receivers. Those new invented Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) are more precise and trustable, they also increase the capacity of the huge air traffic demands nowadays by multiple and non-straight approaches. As a result, the Geographic Information System (GIS) of any airport supported by the GBAS system is intended to be fully used and implemented in both instrumental and procedural aids. Many previous studies had indicated that the old procedural approaches should be changed to the new GIS aided ones, but without pointing out when and how to implement such important transfer. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of the GIS aided precision procedures using the GBAS stations, and to identify to what extent they can enhance the navigational aviation in the air traffic management domain. A special focus will be put on the Hungarian Budapest international airport in terms of both capability motivating factors and the current GIS infrastructure aiding. Results showed a promising chance for more investment in installing the GBAS stations in the airport. That will enable more capacity and easier approaches in all weather conditions.

Application of Geographic Information Systems to Address Chronic Disease Priorities: Experiences in State and Local Health Departments.

Application of Geographic Information Systems to Address Chronic Disease Priorities: Experiences in State and Local Health Departments.

Application of GIS technology in public health: successes and challenges.

The uptake and acceptance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has increased since the early 1990s and public health applications are rapidly expanding. In this paper, we summarize the common uses of GIS technology in the public health sector, emphasizing applications related to mapping and understanding of parasitic diseases. We also present some of the success stories, and discuss the challenges that still prevent a full scope application of GIS technology in the public health context. Geographical analysis has allowed researchers to interlink health, population and environmental data, thus enabling them to evaluate and quantify relationships between health-related variables and environmental risk factors at different geographical scales. The ability to access, share and utilize satellite and remote-sensing data has made possible even wider understanding of disease processes and of their links to the environment, an important consideration in the study of parasitic diseases. For example, disease prevention and control strategies resulting from investigations conducted in a GIS environment have been applied in many areas, particularly in Africa. However, there remain several challenges to a more widespread use of GIS technology, such as: limited access to GIS infrastructure, inadequate technical and analytical skills, and uneven data availability. Opportunities exist for international collaboration to address these limitations through knowledge sharing and governance.

Expressway to the Future: GIS and Advanced Metering Infrastructure

This article discusses how geographic information system (GIS) enterprise asset management and advanced metering infrastructure are the expressways to the future for utilities to transform data into intelligence necessary to make informed operational and capital decisions. Utilities of the future will require technological investments in GIS‐centric asset management programs and advanced metering infrastructure. GIS as a transformation technology can be used as the unifying framework for applying geospatial information to a host of applications and integrated as a core component of the utility information technology (IT) structure.

Development of a GIS-based monitoring and management system for underground coal mining safety

Abstract Coal mine safety is of paramount concern to mining industry. Mine accidents have various causes and consequences including catastrophic failure of mine, substantial economic losses and most notably loss of lives. Therefore, any initiative in mine monitoring is of vital importance for progressing safety surveillance and maintenance. This paper presents the development of a geographic information system (GIS)-based monitoring and management system for underground mine safety in three levels as constructive safety, surveillance and maintenance, and emergency. The developed model integrates the database design and management to the monitoring system implementation which encompasses query and analysis operations with the help of web and desktop applications. Interactive object-oriented graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed to visualize information about the entities gathered from the model and also to provide analysis operations based on the graphical representations and demonstrations using data tables and map objects. The research methodology essentially encompasses five main stages: (i) designing a conceptual database model; (ii) development of a logical model in terms of entity-relationship (ER) diagrams; (iii) development of a physical model based on physical constraints and requirements; (iv) development of GUIs and implementation of the developed model, analysis and queries; (v) verification and validation of the created model for Omerler underground coal mine in Turkey. The proposed system is expected to be an efficient tool for improving and maintaining healthy standards in underground coal mines which can possibly be extended to a national GIS infrastructure.

Tools to Identify Safety Issues for a Corridor Safety-Improvement Program

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

GIS Technology for Civil Engineering Education

Integrating geographic information system (GIS) concepts into civil engineering (CE) education is very important not only to meet the urgent needs of non-GIS professionals in engineering, but also to teach students relevant skills in spatial analysis, reasoning, and data processing. Recent improvements in computer hardware and software also make it possible for GIS technology to move effectively into the education arena. This paper reviews the current status of GIS uses and developments in civil engineering education, then presents guidelines regarding a GIS course setting, education methods, and infrastructure needs. To determine current uses of GIS in education, a survey of Canadian universities was conducted. The results show that 53% of the universities that responded have GIS courses (or CE courses in which GIS concepts are included) and 30% plan to include GIS contents in their future curriculum. GIS course settings at three educational levels are presented. Education methods of teaching GIS in the classroom include demonstration teaching, hands-on interactive learning, and self-paced learning. Internet sources for teaching GIS are also presented. GIS infrastructure needs in CE education include software and hardware, data sources, and laboratory setting. The results of this study should help to promote the use of GIS technology in CE education.