Abstract
Poor air quality is widely considered as one of the major environmental hazards confronting several urban centres worldwide. This study examined regional trend in ambient air quality footprints in Calabar Metropolis. Data on emission level of CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, and SPM<sub>2.5</sub> were collected using Crowcon Gasman, while point coordinates were collected using Garmin GPSMap 60CSx device. Interpolation algorithm in Geographic Information Systems infrastructure was used to generate the regional trend maps for the metropolis. Parametric analytical techniques such as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to test the hypotheses, while descriptive statistics including tables, maps and standard deviation were also used to present the data based on the objectives of the study. The results of the trend surface analysis for the five (5) measured parameters show that CO and SPM<sub>2.5</sub> were not significant at PË0.05 with F-ratio of 0.99 and 2.45 respectively. Thus, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant change in the regional trend in air quality across Calabar Metropolis was therefore accepted. Analysis for NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S, were significant at P < 0.05 with F-ratio of 3.47, 3.35 and 7.79 respectively, causing the null hypothesis to be rejected. It was therefore recommended that mitigatory measures should be employed for the purpose of ensuring a sustainable, clean and green urban environment.
Highlights
Air quality is the condition of air that defines its content level of one or more pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and suspended particulate matter of 2.5mm or higher in diameter, etc
The objective of this research was to examine the regional trend in ambient air quality footprints in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria
The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant change in the regional trend in air quality across Calabar Metropolis was accepted
Summary
Air quality is the condition of air that defines its content level of one or more pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and suspended particulate matter of 2.5mm or higher in diameter, etc. When land uses are not properly planned and adhered to, air quality would be affected. This condition would arise when large and numerous sources of emission such as industrial, commercial and transportation are located in close proximity to the residential areas or other air pollution-sensitive facilities such as schools. In order to improve air quality, control of human activities is very important rather than attempting to remove just air pollutants from the air [1]
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