Geographical Concepts Research Articles

De l’épistémologie de la psychiatrie à une épistémologie psychanalytique. Entretien avec Paul Bercherie, 17 avril 2021

ObjectiveThis interview with the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Dr. Paul Bercherie attempts to mobilize the major questions that traverse the epistemology of psychiatry and of psychoanalysis. Our conversation covers his work on classical psychiatric knowledge–the subject of his doctoral dissertation–as well as more recent work that questions the conceptual geography of the contemporary psychoanalytic field. MethodIn this open conversation, Paul Bercherie speaks about his training at the end of the 1960s, his various experiences of analysis, and his research path, which led him to develop a singular method of investigation at the interface between practice and theory. The richness of this unique journey is also supported by numerous references to the intellectual context of the time. ResultsReturning to the foundations of psychiatry allows us to revisit the complexity of these texts and illustrates the fruitfulness of the dialogue between French and German psychiatry, which nevertheless has the same objectivist and organicist basis. The author also sheds light on the inconsistency of certain nosographic elaborations. A second series of works serves to resituate Freud in his theoretical context. It results in the demonstration that the discovery of the unconscious is developed within a dated theoretical framework that is poorly suited to its innovation. DiscussionThe Freudian subject of autonomy, the perceptive, cognitive subject, which was that of classical psychology and philosophy, will be called into question by the theories of structuralism, which bases the subject on a heteronomous theory, in which the latter is conceived as a response to the linguistic and social structures which determine it. ConclusionsContemporary psychoanalysis unfolds in the form of separate currents, based on different ethical and theoretical conceptions. However, an analysis shows that the four main currents are individualized from different dimensions already included in the Freudian text. Paul Bercherie argues that these currents should not only be opposed but, instead, that they could benefit from being integrated into a multi-referential clinical orientation. This makes it possible to offer differential but complementary approaches for the patient.

Exploring the concept of place in the literature on smallholder farmers and climate change adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT This critical review paper expands on the meaning of place. It opens a new narrative on how the geographic concept of place is conceptualized in smallholder farmers and climate change adaptation literature in Sub-Saharan Africa. The review suggested that place is not only the ‘where’ of a location but a location geographically connected and interdependent to illustrate how smallholder farmers’ experiences in adapting to climate shocks interact with global efforts such as improving food security, eliminating poverty and building sustainable rural livelihood. Through the various climate change adaptation strategies exhibited by different farmer groups, the paper demonstrated that people in places have the agency to make choices that control their destinies irrespective of whatever global force overwhelms them. The paper argues sense of place expressed through ecological place meaning shapes people’s intuition, beliefs, actions and experiences as illustrated by smallholders’ perception of the determinant and barriers to effective adaptation strategies. The ecological place meaning also influences the ‘glocalization’ of climate impact on agroecological-based livelihoods at different locations and how maladaptive outcomes are perceived. Place gives people identity by (re)shaping actions and experiences and vice versa. There is an undeviating relationship between power, place and people’s experience. Further exploration of the relationship between lifeworld experiences, people, and power is central in understanding the meaning of place in smallholder farmers and climate change interaction.

Visualizing water‐energy nexus landscapes

AbstractOver the past decade, the water‐energy nexus (WEN) has emerged as a prominent framework with which to analyze and visualize interconnections between energy production, freshwater resources, and the hydrological cycle. The WEN is a fundamentally geographic concept embedded in landscapes. WEN analyses often include landscape visualizations, yet these are rarely conceptually rigorous; consequently, the visual‐representational dimensions of WEN analyses remain relatively weak. Our paper addresses this gap through a meta‐review of 503 WEN visualizations sourced from 336 scholarly articles. Based on this analysis, we argue that WEN visualizations often depict complex landscapes as technical systems, while eliding broader considerations of the multiscalar, spatiotemporal, and hydrosocial dimensions of water and energy. In response to these limitations, we offer an alternative approach to visualizing hydrosocial landscapes that draws upon parallel work in geography and cognate disciplines. In the concluding section of the paper, we formulate a set of interdisciplinary recommendations to guide the production of more theoretically‐informed nexus visualizations grounded in the concepts of spatiality, temporality, and hydrosociality.The article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Human Water > Methods Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Engineering Water > Methods

Romantic nationhood

ABSTRACT Directed by Rizal Mantovani, the film 5cm (2012) tells the story of a group of five young Jakartans united by friendship. To test the strength of their friendship, one group member, Genta, suggests that they refrain from seeing each other for three months. At the end of this no-contact period, they climb Mount Semeru, the highest mountain in Java, and prove again the resilience of their comradeship. It is a motivational film targeted at young nature lovers which reminds the Indonesian youth of the need to love their country and its beautiful landscape. Drawing on each member’s testimony of love and devotion to the Indonesian nation-state after witnessing first-hand the breathtaking wonder of Mount Semeru, I argue that the film demonstrates the subsuming of the natural environment under the power of the state, using Yi-Fu Tuan’s conception of romantic geography. This analysis demonstrates how portraying nationalism romantically advocates a superficial allegiance to the nation-state and negates the sovereignty of the land.

Encountered Space and Situated Lay-Knowledge: A Mixed Methods Approach:

This research draws on the geographical concept of situated lay-knowledge to highlight how the formation of tourists’ attitudes to travel destinations challenges the theoretical foundation of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). It suggests that situated lay knowledge is dynamic as opposed to static, which is the accepted basis of TPB, and subsequently, proposes a “Situated Lay-Knowledge Travel Behavior Model” (SLKTB). The model was tested in a mixed methods approach where Chinese tourists, who knew little about Portugal, encountered Portuguese culture and cuisine in Macau. The overall results demonstrate that the formation of tourists’ attitudes about travel destinations is not preexisting or static but dynamic and created from their ongoing encounters.

Fundamentals of implementation of the integrated content of learning geography and economy

In September 2020, Ukraine adopted the State Standard for Basic Secondary Education (No. 898 of September 30, 2020), which defined new requirements for the Model and Model Curricula. The article reveals the methodological foundations for the implementation of the intellectual content of teaching geography and economics, which is very important for the professional formation and development of both future teachers and practicing teachers. Attention is focused on the formation of a holistic natural-scientific picture of the world through the study of geographical concepts, objects and subjects of study of physical, social and economic geography, the main goal and tasks of integrating the content of teaching geography, research methods. Methodological recommendations are given for additional research of complex, interrelated topics (problems), geographical patterns, global processes, basic principles on which modern geographical knowledge is based. Designed for future teachers (students of institutions of higher education) and practicing teachers of institutions of general secondary education, methodologists of postgraduate education.

UNDERSTANDING THE SPATIAL PATCHWORK OF PREDICTIVE MODELING OF FIRST WAVE PANDEMIC DECISIONS BY US GOVERNORS

The uneven outcomes of the covid-19 pandemic in the United States can be characterized by its patchwork patterns. Given a weak national coordinated response, state-level decisions offer an important frame for analysis. This article explores how such analysis invokes fundamental geographic challenges related to the modified areal unit problem, and results in scientific predictive models that behave differently in different states. We examined morbidity with respect to state-level policy decisions, by comparing the fit and significance of different types of predictive modeling using data from the first wave of 2020. Our research reflects upon public health literature, mathematical modeling, and geographic approaches in the wake of the underlying complex pattern of drivers, decisions, and their impact on public health outcomes state by statetime line. Contemplating these findings, we discuss the need to improve integration of fundamental geographic concepts to creatively develop modeling and interpretations across disciplines that offer value for both informing and holding accountable decision makers of the jurisdictions in which we live. Keywords: Accountability, covid-19, decision-making, modeling, patchwork.

Staying and immobility: new concepts in population geography? A literature review

Abstract. Immobile populations have received academic attention in recent years, following a period of focus on hypermobility and increasing migration as the main research interest. This article analyses the existing stock of literature on the topics of “immobilities” and “staying” to give insight into the importance of these concepts for rethinking contemporary population geography. It considers texts dealing with voluntary and involuntary types of immobility, as well as reasons for and factors influencing the increased observed immobility in the context of internal migration. Common theoretical frameworks used to explain immobilities and consequences for increasingly rooted societies are discussed. The paper also presents open research questions for future research. It draws the conclusion that staying and immobility are meaningful concepts for future research in the context of population and human geography, since they introduce a new perspective for research dedicated to spatial living patterns of populations. These concepts furthermore highlight the importance of different types and forms of (im)mobilities, the interconnectedness of mobile and immobile populations, and changes in aspirations and capabilities of life-course decision-making over time.

Metabolik İlişkilenme ve Coğrafyanın Kapitalist Kaderi

The position of being the determinant of destiny which is attributed to the geography, implies that the limit of the social problems that people both as individuals and collective subjects can overcome is determined by the cultural conditions and the limits of the societies or nations in which they are born into. Accepting this phrase as it is also means accepting historical-cultural conditions as they are unchangeable transcendental laws that determine the features of lives of people. In this study, emphasizing the decisiveness of capitalist social relations and their historicity, thus their openness to change is aimed instead of the mentioned unchangeable transcendental laws. In order to achieve this, there will be made reference to the discussion of “metabolic relationship” which is coined by Marx in order to make sense of the concept of geography and also in order to determine the borders of the concept of destiny in related phrase, the meaning of destiny under the conditions of the capitalist mode of production will be discussed around the concept of “capitalist realism” coined by Mark Fisher. Finally, this study will claim that geography cannot be considered as destiny, however even if it can be considered as such, both the concepts of geography a destiny will have to be re-formulated with emphasizing historicity as their center.

“Doing family” on a global stage

The purpose of this study is to further explore the relationship between “doing family”, mobilities and space through a focus on expatriate families, a group not having received discrete attention so far. Drawing on theoretical concepts of subject-oriented family sociology and human geography as well as data from long-term fieldwork in a German community in an exclusive suburb in southern Tokyo, this paper asks: how and where do these highly mobile, elite individuals do family? What significance do specific places and spaces have for these individuals and their doing family? Are practices and/or notions of family changing, and, if so, how? How can doing family be mapped and situated? The findings reveal the emergence of key practices, including “displays” of family, that are highly structured by gender. They further show the emergence of transnational spaces that are accompanied by the production of embodied, conceptual and geographical fixities on three levels. This paper therefore argues that it is important to situate this group’s doing family in both the specific context of the German community in a global city in Japan and in the broader context of the global stage. These findings show the need for place-, space- and context-sensitive analyses even among a group of highly mobile families.

Emplacing linked lives: A qualitative approach to understanding the co‐evolution of residential mobility and place attachment formation over time

AbstractDespite growing interest in issues of residential mobility and place attachment in a globalised world, research within Environmental and Community psychology has tended to overlook the ways that interpersonal relations, and wider socio‐political and economic structural factors inform place attachment formation amongst residentially mobile individuals. We address this gap drawing on the Human Geography concept of ‘Linked Lives’ (Coulter et al., Progress in Human Geography, 2016, 40(3), 352–374), to conceive the relocation decisions of residentially mobile individuals, and their place (non)attachment to the current residence place, as deeply intertwined with formative place experiences, interpersonal relations, and the structural contexts within which people live (Coulter et al., Progress in Human Geography, 2016, 40(3), 352–374). With the aim of deepening understanding of the co‐evolution of residential mobility and place attachment, this paper presents narrative case studies of residents living in a town in Southwest England, with each resident indicating a different variety of people–place relations to their current residence place. Findings indicate that moving intentions and consequent residential place attachment result from complex interactions over time between (a) formative place experiences and settlement identities, leading to preferred types of residence place; (b) interpersonal relations with significant others including family and community members that vary according to life stage events; and (c) structural forces, comprising cultural, economic, and political factors shaping people's lives. Future research could examine how structural changes arising from the COVID‐19 pandemic are influencing residential mobilities and attachments to place.

O uso das geotecnologias como ferramentas de ensino na educação básica da escola Prof.º Virgílio Libonati, Belém, Pará, Brasil

As geotecnologias estão cada vez mais acessíveis e isto se deve aos softwares livres e gratuitos estarem sendo progressivamente produzidos e difundidos, bem como também a adequação da linguagem destes softwares que vem sendo demandada, de forma a possibilitar o acesso a um público cada vez mais amplo. O objetivo é diagnosticar a utilização das geotecnologias, como instrumento de ensino da Geografia. O referido estudo foi realizado em loco com alunos de 6º ano na escola pública de âmbito Estadual Prof.º Virgílio Libonati localizada na região metropolitana de Belém do Pará, cujo o par de coordenadas para acesso é 01°27'9.73" latitude Sul e 48°26'38.22" longitude Oeste. A metodologia incluiu a aplicação de questionários após uma palestra com a finalidade de melhor entendimento sobre a cartografia, o meio ambiente e utilidades computacionais. O público algo foram 20 (Vinte) alunos na faixa etária de 11 anos pertencente ao turno vespertino. Essa abordagem destacou a importância das geotecnologias no cotidiano escolar procurando tornar mais dinâmico e eficaz os conceitos geográficos durantes o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Organising concepts in geography education: a model

ABSTRACT This article presents a model for organising geographical concepts that aims to support teachers’ choices of what to teach and how to organise a cohesive and appropriate teaching plan for school geography. The model is a result of a collaborative research process between researchers and Swedish teachers. The purpose was to explore how the core concepts of geography, which are implicit in the Swedish syllabus (Örbring, 2017), can be used in teaching as powerful tools for learning (Brooks, 2018) and to develop epistemic teaching practices for school geography to counterbalance the traditional focus on content (Eriksson and Lindberg, 2016; Knorr-Cetina, 1999). During professional development seminars, teachers’ experiences were linked to procedural concepts in geography (i.e. concepts that mediate specific geographical ways of thinking and doing (Lambert, 2011)), used at an organisational level in line with models introduced by Taylor (2008). This article describes a model that integrates geographical concepts and suggests how they could be used as tools in relation to each other as well as to specific content. Here, we present the considerations behind the structure and functions of the model, and teachers’ reflections on producing and using it in class as a way to develop students’ geographical knowing.

The Effect of Learning model on Integrated Virtual Reality to Reduce Misconceptions of Geography Concept in Geography Students

The preliminary study found that students of the Department of Geography, FMIPA, UNM experienced many misconceptions about material concept of geography. Therefore, a research was carried out that aims to describe the reduction of misconceptions in the material after the implementation of E-Learning model to integrated Virtual Reality. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study with the design ‘One Group Pretest-Postest Design”. The research subject were students of the Geography education ICP (International Class Program) in even Semester of the 2019/2020 academic year, each class totaling 32 students. Data were collected through observation, giving pretest questions before treatment and giving postest questions after treatment. From the data that has been obtained then analyzed using tabulation CRI values to describe the profile of misconceptions that occur in students and analyze the n-gain value to determine the decrease in student misconceptions on the material. From the research results, it can be concluded that the reduction of misconceptions in the material after the implementation of the E-Learning model to integrated Virtual Reality can consistently: reduce student misconceptions.

High School Students' Metaphorical Perceptions about the Concept of Soil

In this study, high school students' perceptions about the concept of soil were tried to be determined through metaphors. The phenomenological design was used in the research. Data from the study was collected from 451 students studying in four different types of high schools in the central district of Kütahya. As part of the study, students were distributed written data collection tools “Soil is like ... because...”, and students were asked to write their metaphors and justifications for the concept of soil. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis technique. 133 different metaphors were produced by the students in relation to the concept of soil. This result showed that students perceived the soil as multifaceted. Among the metaphors produced, the most preferred metaphors were mother (48), human (47), life (40), heart (29), water (22) and homeland (16). It has been observed that students are influenced by mythological, cultural and religious factors in their choice and justification of metaphors. Metaphors have been studied under 10 different categories. Considering these categories, it was concluded that students' perceptions about the concept of soil were positive and that they were aware of the importance of soil in living life. In addition, it was understood that soil, which is a geographical concept, cannot be considered separately from its mythological, cultural and religious contexts. As a result of research, the versatility of the soil appears in curriculum units for Geography and Social Studies, in textbooks as a living being and the source of life; and the importance of soil as a resource will transfer to the student from presentation of the content of the course. The geographical, mythological, cultural and religious aspects of soil are to be included in activities that will allow us to detect soil as a whole have been proposed.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GISy) IMPLEMENTATION WITHOUT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE (GISc) FUNDAMENTAL

This article reviews the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) has been primarily applied in spatial decision making from simple to complex geospatial problems. GIS is usually referred to as a computer system used explicitly to store, manage, analyze, manipulate, and visualize geospatial data. GIS can produce meaningful information for a better understanding of solving related geographic/spatial problems. With the technology, hardware, and software assistance, GIS is at its progressive pace even though GIS starts with a simple and straightforward question of geographic features/event location. This rapid development has made GIS and spatial data becoming a critical commodity today. However, without the basic knowledge and GIS understanding, the actual GIS capabilities, such as understanding geographical concepts, managing geographic phenomena, and solving geographical problems, become limited. To become worse, GIS is was seen as a tool to facilitate map display and simple spatial analysis. Furthermore, the market's professional training emphasizes simple GIS components such as hardware, software, geospatial data mapping, extracting geographical data from tables (tabular data), simple queries or display, and spatial data editing mastered using GIS manuals in training. Thus, this article highlights the impact of implementing GIS without sufficient GIS fundamental knowledge, resulting in complicated spatial decision planning issues.

The changing map of international student mobility

This article presents fifteen essays following a prompt on the changing map of international student mobility through three disruptions, namely Brexit, America First and COVID-19. These essays written by postgraduate students at Beijing Normal University were collected during the Spring semester of 2020 and edited by Stephanie Hollings and Zhang Man under the supervision of Professor Michael Peters. The fifteen texts, written in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlight the many factors and faces of the changing map of international student mobility from fifteen different perspectives. The world map is a key aspect of these essays as it is not only important as a geographical concept but as a discourse of knowledge, power, identity and ideas that will be reflected in each student’s interpretation of international student mobility. Each student draws on their own diverse background and lived experiences, some as Chinese students and some as international students in China, to give light to these disruptions through the eyes of ‘globally mobile’ students, making an important contribution to global discussions on international student mobility. These students, reflecting on being in the midst of a pandemic spreading across the world map, imagine the future post-COVID-19 and how that will interplay with the other two major student mobility disruptions of recent years (Brexit and America First) to impact international student mobility, international education, the ever-changing map of international student mobility and the discourse that comes from that changing map.

Ecolinguistics and ecosophy

This article presents a philosophical framework for studies of ecolinguistics, combining the Eastern wisdom of ecological harmony and the Western human geographical concept of sense of place. To establish the basic criteria for ecolinguistic analysis, the article traces the three most influential Chinese schools of philosophy and extracts three of their shared disciplines: benevolence, frugality and intimacy with nature. To reveal the dynamic relationship between human beings and the places where they reside, the article revisits the concept of sense of place and extends it to cover an ecological dimension of people and place. Connecting ecological ethics derived from classical Chinese philosophy with systemic human-place dynamics, this proposed framework provides an ideological basis for ecolinguistic research, especially for discourse analysis. Following this ecosophy, the involved human beings and other elements of places included in a discourse can be revealed through the system of sense of place; and the ecological implications of linguistic features can be evaluated according to the three major principles. To complete the analysis, positive and negative orientations will be distinguished as well as a middle ground of ambivalent orientation. To conclude, this article aims to provide a well-grounded ideological reference for the deconstruction and subsequent assessment of linguistic resources, and thereby to establish a crucial strand of ecolinguistic scholarship.

Scientific And Theoretical Foundations Of The Concepts Of Tourism, Geography And Geographical Tourism

In the article, the idea of forming a new direction in the tourism industry – geographic tourism is put forward on the basis of international experience, national practice and long-term research. It substantiates in detail the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concepts of tourism, tourist, geography and geographical tourism.

Using Public, On-Campus Art in Teaching and Creating Community in Introductory Geography Courses

Public art installations are part of university campuses across the United States, and these installations can be useful in teaching important geographic concepts, skills, and geovisualization tech...