Geographic Board Research Articles

The New Zealand Honorary Geographic Board at work, 1924–1946

AbstractAfter briefly positioning cultural geography work on place names in New Zealand, this article examines the origins, composition and activities of the Honorary Geographic Board (1924–1946) as a place naming authority, with particular attention paid to some of the key individuals involved.

Board certification and urban\u2013rural migration of physicians in Japan

BackgroundThe board certification system serves as a quality assurance system for physicians, and its design and operation are important health policy issues. In Japan, board certification was established and operated independently by academic societies and has not been directly linked to reimbursement systems. The phenomenon of younger physicians seeking specialist careers has raised concerns about acceleration of the tendency of fewer physicians working in rural areas and the maldistribution of physicians. Little is known about the associations between physicians’ geographical migration patterns and board certification status changes or between the continuation of urban/rural practice and the maintenance of board certification. This study aimed to identify these associations and to discuss their policy implications.MethodsWe analyzed 2012 and 2014 data from the Survey of Physicians, Dentists, and Pharmacists, a national census survey. To analyze geographical migration patterns, transitions in practice location (rural, intermediate, and urban) were analyzed by board certification status change (new, lost, consistently certified, and consistently uncertified). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess whether the odds of migrating to more urban/rural municipalities were associated with board certification status changes, adjusting for covariates, and whether practicing in a rural area was associated with maintaining board certification.ResultsAmong 18,726 newly board-certified physicians, 94.9% (13,435/14,150) of those working in urban areas before certification remained in urban areas, whereas 64.6% (393/608) of those working in rural areas stayed in rural areas. Those who were newly certified had higher odds of moving to more urban areas, adjusting for covariates. Those who stayed in rural areas showed lower odds of maintaining board certification, adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsNewly board-certified physicians are more likely to migrate to other types of areas, particularly more urban areas, than other physicians. Allocating more training quotas to rural areas could be one option for leveling the distribution of specialists. It also appeared that those practicing in rural areas have difficulty maintaining their certification, so the need to establish a support system for already-certified physicians in rural areas should be emphasized.

Geographical board game: promoting tourism and travel in Georgian England and Wales

ABSTRACTGeography was an important subject for middle- and upper-class children to study in Georgian Britain. Publishers saw a marketing opportunity to exploit this development by producing a range of educational puzzles and games to complement more formal approaches to learning found in geography textbooks. About the same time, transportation improvements encouraged wealthy travellers to explore the country's towns and cities, country seats, mills, mines, docks, ancient monuments and natural curiosities. Resorts dedicated to the provision of health and leisure were also on the rise. This article contextualises the production of five early board games in terms of changes, especially in travel and tourism during the late-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It also examines the extent to which these geographical pastimes were also travel guides and whether some promoted tourism more than others.

Report from the New Zealand Geographic Board, September 2004

Report from the New Zealand Geographic Board, September 2004

Report from the New Zealand Geographic Board, June 2002

New Zealand Journal of GeographyVolume 116, Issue 1 p. 30-31 Report from the New Zealand Geographic Board, June 2002 Evelyn Stokes, Evelyn Stokes NZ Geographical Society Representative on the NZ Geographic BoardSearch for more papers by this author Evelyn Stokes, Evelyn Stokes NZ Geographical Society Representative on the NZ Geographic BoardSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 May 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.2003.tb00809.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume116, Issue1October 2003Pages 30-31 RelatedInformation

New Zealand Geographical Society: Report of Representative on New Zealand Geographic Board

New Zealand Geographical Society: Report of Representative on New Zealand Geographic Board

The Oregon Geographic Names Board: One Hundred Years of Toponymic Nomenclature

CHAMP CLARK VAUGHAN The Oregon Geographic Names Board One Hundred Years ofToponymie Nomenclature A RELATIVELYUNKNOWN COMPONENT of theOregonHistorical Society is celebrating itscentenary thisyear. The Oregon Geographic Names Board, Oregon's official geographic names authority, was established with a stroke of the pen, when Governor George Chamberlain signed an executive order on October 1,1908.Although thevastmajority of thepublic may not be conscious of itsexistence and responsibilities, the board's ongoing involve ment in controversy ? spurred by the use of the term squaw in geographic names, for example ? has had wide publicity. Because many people view the term squaw as having a derogatory or offensive connotation and ithas therefore been banned by theOregon Legislature, the board has embarked on an enormous task of eliminating theword from 172 geographic names inOregon by generating suitable replacement names.1 Contentious issues like this one increase the visibility of theOregon Geographic Names Board, and although its long history isfilledwith fascinating chronicles, theboard's impact on Oregon and itspeople is far greater than those individual stories. In assessing the origins of both existing and proposed geographic names inOregon, their cultural significance cannot be overstated. The names of places and geographic features reflect the culture ofmany peoples and gen erations, which the board must comprehend and respect in order to carry out its toponymie mission. The Oregon GeographicNames Board (OGNB) was originally known as theOregon Geographic Board. The board latermodified itsname to help state itsprimary purpose, supervising the naming of geographic features in Oregon. A number of state agencies rotated the responsibility ofmanaging the OHQ vol. 109, no. 3 ? 2008 Oregon Historical Society Chush Falls is locatedonWhychus Creek within theThree Sisters Wilderness. Chush isa Sahaptin word meaning 'water'. Chush Falls was not officially named until 2006 but had oftenbeenmistakenly referred toas aSquaw Creek Falls." Upper Chush Falls, locatedupstream,was theofficialSquaw Creek Falls before itsname was changed in2006. board until 1959,when Governor Mark Hatfield transferred itto theOregon Historical Society (OHS). The move was logical because thehistorical society had served as custodian of theboard's records and correspondence since 1909. OHS's first museum curator,George H. Himes, who also served on theOregon Geographic Board, most likely initiated the early custodial arrangement.2 The origins of geographic names inOregon are particularly complex. Long before thefirstnon-Indians arrived,Native peoples had already named numerous geographic features and cultural sites. Because their languages were not written, most of those names were never recorded, and many did not survive.3 European and American mariners who explored the Pacific coastline and, to amuch greater degree, nineteenth-century explorers, fur trappers, missionaries, and immigrants casually assigned names to geo graphic features, using a wide assortment of commemorative, associative, and descriptive terms. Prime examples include theColumbia River, named in 1792 by Captain Robert Gray for his ship, Columbia Rediviva; Mount Hood, named in 1792 by Lieutenant William Broughton of Captain George Vaughan, The Oregon Geographic Names Board 413 Vancouver's command, to commemorate British naval officerAdmiral Sir Samuel Hood; French Prairie, anonymously named in themid 1800s for the early French Canadian settlers as an associative name; and Black Butte in Deschutes County, anonymously named in the 1850s as a descriptive name relating to the forest-covered volcano's dark appearance.4 The newcom erswere likely unaware thatmany of the geographic features already had aboriginal names, or if theywere aware, they customarily ignored them. Regardless of the fact that the names selected were often duplicated else where, misapplied, misspelled, and in some cases derogatory, they became official simply because theywere recorded on maps. The resultwas public controversy and confusion among map users. No one made a serious attempt to standardize and document geographic names in Oregon until after the federal government took the first step. Recognizing that the geographic names issue was becoming a nationwide problem, particularly in theWest, President Benjamin Harrison created theUnited States Board on Geographic Names (USBGN) on September 4, 1890. The USBGN is comprised of employees from several federal agencies involved in a wide variety of programs, including everything from map making and land management to commerce and national defense. Origi nally, the USBGN primarily adjudicated unsettled questions concerning specific geographic names. In 1906, however, President Theodore Roosevelt extended USBGN's...

Official Recognition of Canada's Aboriginal Toponymy: an Historical Perspective

AbstractFrom the early days of a national geographical names board in Canada, at the tum of the century, this authority has been concerned with the official recognition of Aboriginal toponymy for government and public use. Initially, the principles of nomenclature of the Geographic Board of Canada addressed the writing of such names; in more recent years the work of the Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (CPCGN) has included a wider ranging approach.The CPCGN has provided forums for discussion of languages and writing systems; has published guidelines for field collection and bibliographic material; and has addressed the use of extended Roman alphabet characters for spelling Aboriginal names on the Canadian Geographical Names Database.Recording Aboriginal names from oral tradition and the systematic creation of records at provincial/territorial and national levels will continue to be a significant activity of the CPCGN into the twenty-first century.

TE IKA A MAUI and TE WAI POUNAMU: Modern maps of New Zealand showing Maori names, relief and vegetation types circa 1840

The publication of two maps of New Zealand showing Maori place names as at 1840, completed a project started over 50 years ago. The original maps were to have been produced at the time of the Centennial Exhibition marking 100 years since the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Fortunately, much of the compilation material had been archived. By adopting the project, the New Zealand Geographic Board was able to integrate recent principles of the Maori Language Commission in the way Maori names are shown in order to aid their pronunciation. Publication of the maps showing Maori names, relief and vegetation in a historical context provided new challenges for the Geographic Board of New Zealand. This paper reflects upon the challenges presented and the solutions developed in order to produce this unique and important historical document.

Naming as Norming: ‘Race’, Gender, and the Identity Politics of Naming Places in Aotearoa/New Zealand

The process of naming places involves a contested identity politics of people and place. Place-names are part of the social construction of space and the symbolic construction of meanings about place. Accordingly, we argue that the names applied to places in Aotearoa assist in the construction of the symbolic and material orders that legitimate the dominance of a hegemonic Pakeha masculinism. Attempts to rename (and in doing so, reclaim) places are implicated in the discursive politics of people and place. The contestation of place-names in Otago/Murihiku, one of the southernmost regions of New Zealand, is examined. We present a discursive analysis of submissions made to the New Zealand Geographic Board in 1989–90 concerning a proposed reinstatement of Maori names in the area. In interpreting objections to renaming we suggest these objections articulated with and through a number of ‘commonsense’ notions about gender, ‘race’, culture, and nation which discursively (re)produced a hegemonic Pakeha masculinism in New Zealand.

Geographic Naming in New Zealand: The Role of the New Zealand Geographic Board

Geographic Naming in New Zealand: The Role of the New Zealand Geographic Board

The Roots and Development of the Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names

AbstractThe Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names traces its roots to a recommendation of land surveyors in 1888 and action by the federal government in 1897 to create the Geographic Board of Canada. Advisory committees have assisted the CPCGN with principles and procedures, undersea feature naming, alpine nomenclature, and toponymic research. The Committee has convened workshops on gazetteer production, language issues, data automation, and native names. It will continue to pursue field collection of toponyms and development of principles for standardizing toponyms and linking automated toponymic data bases

Post-glacial terraces near cape chocolate, Mcmurdo sound, Antarctica

Summary Near Cape Chocolate, two streams fed by the Hobbs and Salmon* Because of duplication, Salmon Glacier is a new name proposed for the Davis Glacier of Taylor (1911), and others, by Mr G. Warren, Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The name has yet to be approved by the N.Z. Honorary Geographic Board. As a consequence of the change in name, the name Salmon Creek has been proposed instead of David Creek for the stream draining from Salmon Glacier. Hobbs Stream has been proposed for the meltwater stream draining from the Hobbs Glacier. Glaciers flow to a bay partly enclosed by a breached loop of an ice-cored terminal moraine of Hobbs Glacier. A hay-head delta constructed by the streams is diffed at its outer edge, and covers a marine bench which rises to a height of about 30 ft. Along the streams, between the delta and glaciers, are terraces cut in moraine and fluvioglacial sediments. The sequence provides a basis for a post-glacial chronology of the McMurdo Sound region, but the interpretation is complicated by the interplay of isostatic upwarping following deglaciation and perhaps by EUstatic sea-level changes. A local chronology is presented and the 00 ft bench is tentatively correlated witl, the climax of the post-glacial rise of sealevel. The present height of the bench is probably due to isostatic uplift.

Changing Chungking: The Rebuilding of an Old Chinese City

HE transference of the seat of the national government of China from Nanking to Chungking has given an impetus to the growth of that strategically located city, nearly fourteen hundred miles from the sea at the confluence of the Yangtze and Kialing Rivers. The city, which was opened to foreign trade in i89i,' is the first commercial entrepot and the financial center of the province of Szechwan. The municipality of Chungking normally has a population of about 500,000, which places it among the major urban areas of China. Chinese governmental policy now gives large urban areas special political status: a large city may be organized into a municipality by including several smaller near-by cities and areas formerly under different political administrations. Chungking Municipality is now made up by the two county-seat cities Pahsien and Kiangpei and a certain rural area outside these cities containing a large number of villages (Fig. 4), the most important of which are those on the South Shore-Wangchiatou, Lungmenhao, Shihtzushih, and Haitangchi.2 Both the names Pahsien and Chungking have been applied to the main city. On most recent maps the city appears as Pahsien, for the municipality was organized only a few years ago. The Post Office is again using the name Chungking indiscriminately for the municipality and for the main city, and, in the absence of a recognized national geographic board, postal usage is the safest guide to Chinese place names. This study deals primarily with the main city, since it is here that most change is taking place. The municipality is less modernized or Occidentalized than most other Chinese urban areas; but during the last decade Szechwan has steadily become less isolated,

Spelling of Place Names

THE United States Geographic Board has published a “First Report on Foreign Geographical Names” (Washington Government Printing Office, 1932. 10 cents). The list of names is prefaced by a long discussion of the problems involved, which is followed by certain general rules that the Board has adopted. The conventional English usage is adopted for the names of countries, dominions, colonies, etc., and for geographical features common to several States in which the official languages are different. For local geographical names in States where a Latin alphabet is used, the names are spelled in accordance with local usage but conventional English forms, where such exist, are accepted as alternatives. Names in non-Latin alphabets are to be transliterated according to either official transliteration, where such exists, or a system adopted by the Board and printed in this report. The practice of translating names is discouraged. The policy adopted by the Board differs little from that used by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. The differences lie in the spelling of names in possessions of European powers and in the transliteration of ‘j’ and ‘zh’ in certain languages, but it is laid down that in the absence of any specific decision of the United States Board, the decision of the British Committee is to be followed in certain cases. The actual list of names in the Report gives pronunciation in many cases but omits it in several names where its addition would certainly be useful.

United States Geographic Board: First Report on Foreign Geographic Names

United States Geographic Board: First Report on Foreign Geographic Names

The United States geographic Board

The United States geographic Board

The United States geographic board

The United States geographic board

The United States geographic Board

Journal Article The United States geographic Board Get access Rhedecynian Rhedecynian Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 150, Issue 21, 22 May 1926, Page 368, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/150.21.368c Published: 22 May 1926

A Canadian Memorial to Hugh Miller

IN a letter which I have just received from Dr. John M. Clarke, director of the State Museum at Albany, N.Y., he writes:—“You may be interested to know that at my urgent suggestion the Geographic Board of the Province of Quebec have adopted the name ‘Hugh Miller Cliffs’ for the wonderful Old Red Sandstone fish-beds which line Scaumenac Bay on the Bay Chaleur, near the Gulf of St. Lawrence. I think there is no place in the world where the fishes Hugh Miller described are so abundant. It is a little odd that the devout French Catholics of P. Quebec should consent to this naming of their scenery after a Scotch Presbyterian, but the cliffs look across the bay from French Quebec to Scotch New Brunswick!”