Geoelectrical Resistivity Method Research Articles

Identification of Groundwater Aquifers Using Geoelectric Methods with Schlumberger Configuration in Peatland Areas, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The geoelectric-resistivity method with Schlumberger configuration is commonly used for groundwater exploration. This method helps identify changes in the resistivity of rock layers beneath the Earth's surface by flowing direct current (DC). In this research, geoelectric-resistivity was used to search for the existence of groundwater aquifers in water crisis areas with peat soil structures. In addition, this research aims to determine the depth of the aquifer layer based on resistivity values below the surface and to identify variations in resistivity values below the surface. The method used in this research was the Schlumberger configuration resistivity geoelectric method with 4 measurement points, each with a stretch length of 500 m . The research results show that the subsurface resistivity value in the Parit Haji Muksin II area is 2.69 ?m to 264 ?m. The unconfined aquifer at the research location was found at point 1 and point 2 at a depth of 3.94 m to 35.5 m, while the confined aquifer was found at points 3 and 4 at a depth of 13.6 m to 61.8 m. This study indicates the presence of potential groundwater resources in tropical peatlands, highlighting the necessity for further comprehensive research to ensure their sustainable utilization in the future.

Identification of Seawater Intrusion in Groundwater using The Wenner-Schlumberger Configuration (2D) Geoelectric Resistivity Method on Balu Island, Santiri Village, Tiworo Utara Sub-District, West Muna Regency

This research aims to identify sea water intrusion in groundwater using the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration (2D) resistivity geolectric method on Balu Island, Santiri village, Tiworo Utara sub-District, West Muna Regency. This research uses primary data which is resistivty measurement data measured in the field aimed at identifying groundwater aquifers. The interpretation data is then reconstructed into 2D cross-sectional profile using Res2Dinv software. The results obtained in the research area show that sea water intrusion has occurred in groundwater at an average surface depth of up to 39.6 meters with low resistivity values ​​between 0.06 – 807 Ohm-meters

Identification of Groundwater Potential on Katela Island, West Muna Regency Using the Geoelectric Resistivity Method

Island Katela has a population of 957 people. Currently, the community has difficulty getting clean water. Activities to identify potential groundwater resources on Katela Island need to be carried out to solve this problem. The purpose of this research activity is to identify the subsurface of the land on Katela Island, West Muna Regency using the geoelectric resistivity method to obtain information on the potential of the groundwater layer. The main objective is to determine the existence of groundwater resources on Katela Island where the presence of groundwater is depicted in 2-dimensional (2D) and 1-dimensional (1D) subsurface resistivity cross-sectional models. The results obtained show that the structure of the subsurface layers in the survey area consists of layers of clay, sand, sandstone, limestone, salt water layers and groundwater (fresh) layers. The potential existence of a groundwater layer (fresh) is at a depth of 31.25 m at Site 1, with a resistivity value above 0.2 Ωm to 1 Ωm. This layer is thought to be a fresh water layer because above it there is a layer of clay which is impermeable so it is difficult for sea water to intrude. Based on resistivity data, at shallow depths (at the surface to a depth of 25 m) in the survey area sea water has been intruded.

Unveiling Subsurface Characteristics of Cliff Land in Sibang, Bali Through Geoelectric Investigation

The unique geological formations and environmental dynamics of cliffs underscore the significance of comprehending soil composition and structural integrity for diverse applications, such as infrastructure development and environmental conservation. Geoelectrical needs to be done because the underground geological conditions of the cliff must be researched and assessed first before construction is carried out so that construction failure does not occur. This research aims to reveal the subsurface characteristics of cliff soil in Sibang, Bali through geoelectrical investigation. This research was conducted by evaluating the soil condition in the field using the geoelectric resistivity method to the ability of a material to inhibit the flow of electric current and geological regional theories. At points BL-01 and BL-04, there is a significant potential risk of landslides due to the thick layer of breccia, especially during high rainfall or additional loads in the area. Point BL-02 also has a potential risk of landslides due to the thick layer of basalt and wet sand. Meanwhile, points BL-03 and BL-05 are more ideal locations for construction because they consist of relatively stable hard rock. Point BL-06 outside the development zone has layers of gravel, weathered tuffa and andesite which could be considered for future development. Thus, a deep understanding of the geological characteristics of each point is important to manage risks and ensure the safety and sustainability of construction projects in that area.

Geospatial analysis of soil resistivity and hydro-parameters for groundwater assessment

Groundwater is a precious resource for irrigating the crops in developing countries. This research was governed in Faisalabad District of Pakistan to assess the groundwater strata using GIS cum geoelectric resistivity method approach. The IX1D computer model was calibrated with root mean square error (up-to 5%), to obtain true soil layers’ resistivities and thicknesses model for each VES point based on apparent resistivity data collected by ABEM SAS 4000 Terrameter using the most common Schlumberger electrode array setting. Knowledge of geo-hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and porosity) aids in identifying the quality and potential of groundwater repositories, estimated based on modeling results (soil layers resistivities and thicknesses). Most common interpolation (inverse distance weighted) method in ArcGIS Pro was used for mapping the soil aquifer layers resistivities/thicknesses and geo-hydraulic parameters. Transmissivity, Porosity, and hydraulic conductivity values ranged from 365.46 to 1888.503 m2/day, 31.84 to 39.72% and 4.05 to 15.27 m/day for all surveys, respectively. Based on these results, aquifer layers with thicknesses 30 to 103.5 m, were distinguished as comprised of saline to low marginal quality (fine sand and clay formation), marginal to fresh quality (fine sand and gravel formation) and fresh quality groundwater (coarse sand and gravel formation).Graphical

Identification Of Soil Resistivity Distribution In Ekoriparian Leuwi Padjadjaran Area Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Method

Research focused on the identification of soil resistivity distribution at the Ekoriparian Leuwi Padjadjaran area, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, has been conducted using geoelectric resistivity method 2D with dipole - dipole configuration. Three survey lines were measured with the first and second lines being 2 meters long and the third line measuring 6 meters. Electrode spacing was set at 0.2 meters, with 10 electrodes on the first and second lines, and 30 electrodes on the third line. Data processing is done using the Res2Dinv software. The research results indicated that resistivity values in the range of 4.00 Ωm to 20.0 Ωm were interpreted as clay rocks, values from 20 Ωm to 200 Ωm were interpreted as silt rocks, and resistivity values in the range of 256 Ωm to 1024 Ωm were interpreted as sandy clay rocks. Based on the geology of the study area, the soil is a fine-grained soil, namely silt and sandy loam.

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Geo-electrical resistivity methods are widely used in various fields and have significant applications in scientific and practical research. Despite the widespread use of resistivity methods, current injection is a critical step in the process of resistivity methods, and the quality of current injection significantly impacts the accuracy of the resistivity measurements. One primary challenge is optimizing current injection techniques to enhance resistivity methods. The developed current injector model for the resistivity meter instrument enhances performance by increasing the voltage source to 400 Volts, extending measurement coverage. It provides three injection current options, 0.5A, 0.8A, and 1A, for efficient accumulator use, considering electrode distances and estimating earth resistance using Contact Resistance Measurement (CRM) to estimate the earth resistance. CRM mode ensures proper electrode connection before injection, thus improving measurement efficiency. The embedded TTGO LoRa ESP32 SX1276 facilitates wireless communication over 1.5 km, addressing challenges in remote and internet-limited areas. The model demonstrates reliability, validity, and durability in CRM mode and current injection measurement. Regarding reliability, we determine the relative error of the model by carrying out measurements repeatedly. In lab-scale testing, the average Relative Error in CRM mode is 0.65%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 1.58%. These relative errors are below the 2% maximum error applied in the “Supersting”, a commercial resistivity instrument. The model's validity is defined by comparing the model with the measuring instrument; we have absolute error. In lab scale testing, the average Absolute Error in CRM mode is 3.08%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 3.73%. The model's durability is tested by injecting current for a minute. After one minute of current injection, the power resistor component's temperature is stable at 30°C.

Optimizing Current Injection Technique for Enhancing Resistivity Method

Geo-electrical resistivity methods are widely used in various fields and have significant applications in scientific and practical research. Despite the widespread use of resistivity methods, current injection is a critical step in the process of resistivity methods, and the quality of current injection significantly impacts the accuracy of the resistivity measurements. One primary challenge is optimizing current injection techniques to enhance resistivity methods. The developed current injector model for the resistivity meter instrument enhances performance by increasing the voltage source to 400 Volts, extending measurement coverage. It provides three injection current options, 0.5A, 0.8A, and 1A, for efficient accumulator use, considering electrode distances and estimating earth resistance using Contact Resistance Measurement (CRM) to estimate the earth resistance. CRM mode ensures proper electrode connection before injection, thus improving measurement efficiency. The embedded TTGO LoRa ESP32 SX1276 facilitates wireless communication over 1.5 km, addressing challenges in remote and internet-limited areas. The model demonstrates reliability, validity, and durability in CRM mode and current injection measurement. Regarding reliability, we determine the relative error of the model by carrying out measurements repeatedly. In lab-scale testing, the average Relative Error in CRM mode is 0.65%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 1.58%. These relative errors are below the 2% maximum error applied in the “Supersting”, a commercial resistivity instrument. The model's validity is defined by comparing the model with the measuring instrument; we have absolute error. In lab scale testing, the average Absolute Error in CRM mode is 3.08%, and in earth resistance measurement testing, it is 3.73%. The model's durability is tested by injecting current for a minute. After one minute of current injection, the power resistor component's temperature is stable at 30°C.

Identification of Andesite Rocks Using Dipole-Dipole Geoelectric Method in Batursari Subdistrict, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java

A study has been conducted to identify andesite rocks using the dipole-dipole geoelectric resistivity method in the Batursari Subdistrict, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java Province. Measurements were taken along 12 Lines stretching from northwest to southeast, with a Line length of 280 m and electrode spacing of 10 m. The aim of this research was to model the 2D resistivity value Line of the path, determine the type of andesite rock, and assess the depth of the rock in the study area. Based on data processing results, four lithology units were identified: resistivity values ranging from 0 to 150 Ωm were interpreted as soil, 150 to 250 Ωm as weathered andesite, 250 to 400 Ωm as moderate andesite, and resistivity values from 400 Ωm to 3000 Ωm were interpreted as fresh andesite.

Analisis Struktur Lapisan Tanah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Schlumberger Vertikal di Kompleks Perumahan Dosen Uncen Kali Acai, Kulurahan VIM, Distrik Abepura, Kota Jayapura

Research on the analysis of the structure of the soil layer using the Vertical Schlumberger Geoelectric method in the Lecturer Housing Complex of Uncen Kali Acai, VIM Village, Abepura District, Jayapura City. This study aims to determine the soil layer, determine the location and depth of the soft soil layer, determine the soft and hard soil. Data retrieval using geoelectric resistivity method with vertical Schlumberger configuration. The instrument used for subsurface surveys is the HV 500 AK resistivity meter. Field measurements obtained electric current and voltage values and then calculated the apparent resistivity values obtained from analysis using IP2win software to see the distribution profile, depth, and thickness of the soil layer.After doing research in the field, it can be seen that the subsurface structure at the research site is dominated by soft clay material with a resistivity value of 0.24 -692.00 Ωm. . In addition, there is a layer of hard rock in the form of a mixture of limestone with a resistivity value of 1181.00 - 8319.00 Ωm.. And the types of subsurface rocks found at the research site are clay, sandstone and limestone.

Eksplorasi Batuan Andesit Berdasarkan Interpretasi Data Resistivitas Di Desa Petangis, Kecamatan Batu Engau, Kabupaten Paser

Exploration activities are very important before mining andesite rocks. This research was conducted in Petangis Village, Batu Engau District, Paser Regency using the Wenner-Schlumberger geoelectric resistivity method with 10 tracks, where 7 tracks have a length of 705 meters in an East-West direction and 3 tracks have a length of 235 meters in a North-South direction. The purpose of this study is to identify the resistivity value of andesite rocks and determine the 2D and 3D distribution of andesite rocks based on the obtained resistivity values. Based on the 2D resistivity section results, it was found that in the study area, andesite rocks have resistivity values ranging from 212-460 Ωm with varying depths of 1-52 meters and the 3D modeling results indicate that andesite rocks are predominantly distributed on the East side with an estimated volume of 1.34588e+007 m3.
 Keywords: Andesite, Exploration, Resistivity, Wenner-Schlumberger.

Detection of groundwater aquifers using geoelectrical resistivity method (case study : Plupuh Sub-district, Sragen District )

An aquifer is a layer below the ground surface that contains groundwater. Inside the earth there are unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers, where unconfined aquifers are located near the surface while confined aquifers are located very deep beneath the earth. This study aims to find the location, depth, and thickness of aquifers that have the potential to contain large amounts of groundwater. The instrument used in this research is a resistivity meter OYO Model 2119C Mc OHM-EL, with a Schlumberger configuration with a current electrode length of AB/2 to 350 meters. Data acquisition were carried out in the Plupuh sub-district, Sragen district as many as 5 sounding points, and data processing using IP2win software. Based on the interpretation of resistivity geoelectrical data, it can be concluded that the area has the potential to have a lot of groundwater content, for unconfined aquifers at the TS1 sounding point with a depth of 7.7 meters to 19.2 meters with a thickness of 11.5 meters. and TS4 with a depth of 15.4 meters to 30 meters with a layer thickness of 14.6 meters. This aquifer layer is dominated by sand layer lithology, while the confined aquifer layer is located around TS1 and TS2. The two sounding points are located in the east and northeast of the research area. TS1 was detected at a depth of 39.9 meters to 110 meters with a layer thickness of 60.1 meters and TS2 was at a depth of 40.2 meters to 66.5 meters and 80.2 meters to 139.7 meters with a thickness of 84.8 meters. This aquifer layer is dominated by the gravel sand layer in TS1 and the sand layer in TS2.

Landslide Soil Failure Parameters Characterization Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods in Uruagu, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were deployed over the Uruagu landslide area. The main purpose of the study was to characterize the landslide failure parameters in to identify the soil failure mechanisms. Ten profiles of 2D ERI measuring 200 m each, and thirty VES, with three VES along each profile, were executed. Nine of the ten profiles were executed within the landslide site while one profile was executed in a residential street as a control profile. Four soil samples were also taken for physical and geotechnical laboratory index analysis. The PASI resistivity meter was used for the geoelectrical resistivity measurements. The Wenner-Schlumberger array was deployed for the ERI with a minimum electrode spacing of 10 m. The Schlumberger array was deployed for the VES with a maximum current spacing of 130 m. ERI resistivity data analysis involved inversion using the RES2DINV software package involving mean model residual and construction of iso-apparent resistivity contour maps. VES resistivity data analysis involved calculated parameters from plotted field data on a log-log graph then used as initial models in an iterative forward modeling WinResist software package. The results of the ERI and VES for the control profile reveal that the subsurface strata are originally composed of silty clay of resistivity values (16.7 – 60.9) Ωm, clayey silty sand having resistivity values (116 – 800) Ωm and sandstone layer with resistivity values (>814 Ωm). The ERI and VES results for the devastated landslide site reveal counteraction material of resistivity values (>814 Ωm), colluvia and regoliths (116 - 300 Ωm), and variably wet weathered sandstones of resistivity values (<60.9 Ωm). The laboratory results revealed the landslide site is majorly composed of silty sandy clay, silty clay, sandy silty clay, and sandstones as the pre-landslide existing lithologies. The natural water content ranges from 10.6% to 14.0%. The liquid limit ranges from 44.0% to 46.0%, the plastic limit ranges from 15.0% to 17.0%, and the plasticity index from 28.0% to 29.1%. The geophysical and laboratory results revealed consistency in the lithological units in agreement with the characteristic geology of the study area. The landslide site has high gully slope gradients and collects a large volume of floods during the intense rainy season. These soils, during the intense rainfall, imbibe more water, following their high plasticity slide along the sandstone to activate the soil failure.

A Study of Groundwater Aquifers in Tumbur Village Wer Tamrian District Tanimbar Islands District

Water is a primary human need that must be met, but as time increases, the rate of population growth means that water needs are increasingly not being met. The geoelectric method is a geophysical method that utilizes electrical properties to interpret the earth's subsurface. The main aim of the geoelectric method is to find the resistivity value of a rock. The higher the resistivity value, the more difficult it is for the rock to carry an electric current, and vice versa. For this reason, one solution to meet the needs of the Lorulun Village community is to search for groundwater aquifers using one of the methods that can be used, the geoelectric resistivity method. The data collection and analysis method used in this research is to conduct a survey at the location to review and see the conditions directly at the research location. Identification To determine the existence of a water-bearing layer at a certain depth, we can use geophysical methods, namely the geoelectric resistivity method, to obtain an overview of the soil layers below the surface. Apart from that, it can also predict the potential for deep and shallow groundwater in the research area. The problem in this research is analyzing deep groundwater sources based on the characteristics and implementation of geoelectric results and the aim of this research is to conduct a survey and design deep groundwater wells based on the characteristics and implementation of geoelectric results in Tumbur Village, Wer Tamrian District. The data is processed based on the apparent resistivity equation, so that the apparent resistivity value (ρa) is obtained by entering the values ∆V, I, a, and K into the Microsoft Excel program. Then processed using RES2DINV software. The water source is at two points, namely geoelectric drilling points 01 and 02, respectively, where the aquifer is found. The casing screen installation process is placed at 3 meters and 12 meters. The use of gravel packs from a depth of 2 to 12.5 meters is to protect the drilled wall hole from landslides and also act as a filter for mud or other materials entering the screen. and with a depth of ± 15 meters, the resistivity shows a brackish water aquifer. This is caused by the influence of seawater intrusion By conducting a survey and designing a deep-ground water well based on the characteristics and implementation of geoelectric results in Tumbur Village, Wer Tamrian District,

Landslide Soil Failure Parameters Characterization Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods in Uruagu, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were deployed over Uruagu landslide area. The main purpose of the geoelectrical resistivity surveys was to characterize the landslide failure parameters in order to identify the soil failure mechanisms. Ten profiles of 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) measuring 200 m each, and thirty Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), with three VES along each profile, were executed. Nine of the ten profiles were executed within the landslide site while one profile was executed in a residential street as a control profile. Four soil samples were also taken for physical and geotechnical laboratory index analysis. The PASI resistivity meter was used for the geoelectrical resistivity measurements. The Wenner-Schlumberger array was deployed for the ERI with a minimum electrode spacing of 10 m. The Schlumberger array was deployed for the VES with a maximum current spacing of 130 m. ERI resistivity data analysis involved inversion using RES2DINV software package involving mean model residual and construction of iso-apparent resistivity contour maps. VES resistivity data analysis involved calculated parameters from plotted field data on log-log graph then used as initial models in an iterative forward modeling WinResist software package. The results of the ERI and VES for the control profile reveal that the subsurface strata are originally composed of silty clay of resistivity values (16.7 – 60.9) Ωm, clayey silty sand having resistivity values (116 – 800) Ωm and sandstone layer with resistivity values (>814 Ωm). The ERI and VES results for the devastated landslide site reveal counteraction material of resistivity values (>814 Ωm), colluvia and regoliths (116 - 300 Ωm) and variably wet weathered sandstones of resistivity values (<60.9 Ωm). The laboratory results revealed the landslide site is majorly composed of silty sandy clay, silty clay, sandy silty clay and sandstones as the pre-landslide existing lithologies. The natural water content ranges from 10.6% to 14.0%. The liquid limit ranges from 44.0% to 46.0%, the plastic limit ranges from 15.0% to 17.0% and the plasticity index from 28.0% to 29.1%. The geophysical and laboratory results revealed consistency in the lithological units in agreement to the characteristic geology of the study area. The landslide site has high gully slope gradients and collects large volume of floods during intense rainy season. These soils during intense rainfall, imbibe more water, following their high plasticity, slid along the sandstone to activate the soil failure.

Landslide Soil Failure Parameters Characterization Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods in Uruagu, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were deployed over Uruagu landslide area. The main purpose of the geoelectrical resistivity surveys was to characterize the landslide failure parameters in order to identify the soil failure mechanisms. Ten profiles of 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) measuring 200 m each, and thirty Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), with three VES along each profile, were executed. Nine of the ten profiles were executed within the landslide site while one profile was executed in a residential street as a control profile. Four soil samples were also taken for physical and geotechnical laboratory index analysis. The PASI resistivity meter was used for the geoelectrical resistivity measurements. The Wenner-Schlumberger array was deployed for the ERI with a minimum electrode spacing of 10 m. The Schlumberger array was deployed for the VES with a maximum current spacing of 130 m. ERI resistivity data analysis involved inversion using RES2DINV software package involving mean model residual and construction of iso-apparent resistivity contour maps. VES resistivity data analysis involved calculated parameters from plotted field data on log-log graph then used as initial models in an iterative forward modeling WinResist software package. The results of the ERI and VES for the control profile reveal that the subsurface strata are originally composed of silty clay of resistivity values (16.7 – 60.9) Ωm, clayey silty sand having resistivity values (116 – 800) Ωm and sandstone layer with resistivity values (>814 Ωm). The ERI and VES results for the devastated landslide site reveal counteraction material of resistivity values (>814 Ωm), colluvia and regoliths (116 - 300 Ωm) and variably wet weathered sandstones of resistivity values (<60.9 Ωm). The laboratory results revealed the landslide site is majorly composed of silty sandy clay, silty clay, sandy silty clay and sandstones as the pre-landslide existing lithologies. The natural water content ranges from 10.6% to 14.0%. The liquid limit ranges from 44.0% to 46.0%, the plastic limit ranges from 15.0% to 17.0% and the plasticity index from 28.0% to 29.1%. The geophysical and laboratory results revealed consistency in the lithological units in agreement to the characteristic geology of the study area. The landslide site has high gully slope gradients and collects large volume of floods during intense rainy season. These soils during intense rainfall, imbibe more water, following their high plasticity, slid along the sandstone to activate the soil failure.

Shallow Landslide Site Characterization using Electrical Resistivity Technique (ERT) at Balukhali Rohingya Refugee Camps of Ukhiya, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

As the geotechnical investigation is a challenging task due to natural heterogeneity and the limited data so the cheap surface geoelectric resistivity method is widely applied to know the complex subsurface information. To produce the electrical images for a site located at Balukhali Rohingya Refugee Camps area in Ukhiya-Teknaf, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, a field data acquisition technique along with RES2DINV software has been performed. Two Wenner soundings on the 25 m and 50 m image lines at every 1 m and 2 m electrode spacing respectively reveal the shallow subsurface lithological variations. On the other hand, 34 samples were collected from two boreholes at different depths and tested under field and laboratory conditions to measure some basic geotechnical properties such as moisture content, grain size distribution, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, and specific gravity. These geotechnical parameters were compared with the constructed electrical images and confirmed the significance of the electrical resistivity values. Therefore, the geoelectrical resistivity method can be applied as an additional tool to support and enhance conventional geotechnical interpretation purposes as well as shallow landslide site characterization in Bangladesh.

Identifikasi Zona Rawan Longsor Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Di Desa Pao Kecamatan Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa

This research aims to identify landslide-prone zones using the geoelectric resistivity method in Pao Village, Tombolo Pao District, Gowa Regency. The configuration used for data collection in the field is the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration using four the number of lines. The result of research indicates that the first line average is founded in each layer which is suspected to occur in a layer of soil and igneous rock in the form of lava with 2.10 Ωm- 12.7 Ωm in resistivity value. In the second line, the average is founded wet soil, dry soil and igneous rock with 1.26 Ωm – 11.1 Ωm in resistivity value. The third line average is an established layer of soil and lava with 2.18 Ωm – 6.51 Ωm in resistivity value. The fourth line is suspected to occur layer of soil and lava with 1.59 Ωm – 8.50 Ωm in resistivity value and 1.25 m – 15.9 m in depth. It can be concluded that the first and fourth lines, based on the resistivity value, are generated to occur in a layer of soil. Igneous rocks are supported by topography, slup reaching 30o – 35o. Meanwhile, the second and third lines do not happen landslide potential because the resistivity results contain igneous rock. Still, the topography, vegetation, and slup are not the landslide-prone category.

Geoelectrical resistivity and geochemical method for groundwater investigation in the coastal sediment

This research presents new investigations on the identification and mapping of heavy metals in aquifer systems using geoelectrical methods, water samples, and geochemical analyses. The subsurface was investigated using a total of three geoelectrical survey lines in the Wenner Schlumberger configuration. Six samples—three from bore wells, two from rivers, and one from the sea—were collected for additional laboratory examination in order to observe the quality of the water samples and variations in hadrochemical water samples in the research area. Soil samples collected from three different places were geochemically analysed. Cd concentration (0.94-2.42 mg/kg) was found to be higher in the northern portion of the study site, and Cr concentration (4.39-72.98 mg/kg), Ni concentration (12.11-47.69 mg/kg), and Co concentration (7,19-12,86) were found to be higher in the southern section. While Cd, Cr, Ni, and Co distribution of heavy metals are quite high in the northern and southern areas of Galesong beach, they are relatively low in the middle. A geochemical study of soil samples reveals that Cd and Cr concentrations are significantly high in the resistivity zone (<20 Ωm). The environmental resistivity value is low from the center zone to the northwest. The heavy metal zone in the aquifer system can be simply represented by the geoelectrical resistivity distribution presented in the form of a depth section, even though the resistivity value of more than 40 Ωm can be regarded as an aquifer zone.

A geoelectrical study of aquifers in the Natar, South Lampung

The conditions for the development of population growth and development in the area around the City of Bandar Lampung are very fast and starting to get crowded, as happened in the District of Natar South Lampung, especially in the Village of Pemanggilan. This condition causes an increase in the need for clean water resources in line with the increase in groundwater exploitation. Therefore it is necessary to map the potential of groundwater through aquifer mapping and aquifer rock layers through geoelectrical measurements. This study aims to determine the potential of groundwater from volcanic aquifer systems based on geoelectrical measurements. The method used in this study is geoelectric resistivity using the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration with 3 measurement points. The results of the study show that using the geoelectrical resistivity method, layers with a resistivity value of ? 30.3 ?m are interpreted as shallow aquifers at depths varying from 1 to more than 24 meters with lithology suspected to be tuff and tuff sandstones, which according to geological data are included in the Lampung Formation. Using the 2D geoelectric method, the distribution of shallow aquifers in the study area to a depth of 24 meters can also be determined. The data obtained is expected to be used as supporting data for the sustainable use of water sources.