Geoecological Problems Research Articles

On the Relationship between the Drying out of the Aral Sea and the Salinization of Irrigated Lands

In this article, it is emphasized that the drying of the Aral Sea is the main reason for geoecological problems such as salinization and desertification in the Central Asian region, especially in Uzbekistan. Suggestions and recommendations are given to reduce the negative consequences of these problems.

THE POND NETWORK IN THE GNIZNA RIVER BASIN: SPATIAL LIMITATION, FUNCTIONAL FEATURES, GEO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

The pond network in the basin of the Hnizna River - the left tributary of the Seret River - was considered. The multifunctional features and spatial contiguity of the ponds to the main river and its tributary of the first order have been clarified. It was established that the most regulated was the Terebna River with its tributaries Dzyurava and Kachava, within the basins of which 35% of the pond network is concentrated. 29% of the number of ponds is allocated to the basin of the right tributary of the Hnizdechna River, and 15% of the number of ponds within the main river Hnizna. The coefficient of regulation of river flow by artificial reservoirs was calculated, which demonstrates a high degree of flow regulation, the result of which is an increase in the area of the water mirror, which means an increase in evaporation from the water surface. Among the positive aspects of flow regulation, we note the absence of sudden water rises in the basin as a result of spring floods and summer floods. Thus, the hydrological regime of the main river and its tributary of the first order has been stabilized. The volume of water in the artificial reservoirs of the basin is 6.7% of the Hnizna river flow. Such volumes of regulated runoff enable its multi-purpose use for agricultural, fish farming, fire prevention, anti-erosion, recreational, sanitary and industrial purposes. A typology of ponds was carried out, which demonstrated the vast majority of artificial multi-functional reservoirs. It is worth noting fishery-recreational-farming and recreational-farming-fishing farms. In addition to these three main functions, most ponds perform the functions of fire protection reservoirs, microclimate regulators, and aesthetic ones. The conducted expedition surveys of the Hnizna River basin in 2023, in comparison with the corresponding surveys of 2007 (stock materials of the Department of Geoecology), showed a more significant orderliness of peripheral landscapes, the presence of access roads with a hard surface, which improves the accessibility of recreationists and fishermen to ponds. It is worth noting the creation in the river basin of two entertainment and recreation complexes on the pond in the village. Okhrimovtsi and "Lemkivsky stav" in the village. Old Zbarazh. In these ponds, the main attention is paid to the creation of entertainment and hotel complexes, gazebos-islands, watercraft with various recreational infrastructure. The services of these complexes include: cozy houses for families, gazebos for group recreation, baths, multi-saunas, salt rooms, a font, a tropical shower, and forms of active recreation - wakeboarding, rowing, etc. Here they offer the holding of solemn events such as birthdays, corporate vacations, weddings. Despite the positive changes in peripheral landscapes and the presence of recreational facilities, the quality of water in the main river is quite low, as evidenced by the following diagram, which shows the dynamics of the discharge of polluted or insufficiently purified return water into the Hnizna River basin over the past 7 years. Together with the polluted runoff, 63.5 tons of pollutants entered the river. Among the proposed optimization measures, it is worth noting: - improvement of the sewage treatment plant system in the city of Zbarazh, village Velyki Birky and the town of Terebovli; - to introduce an effective system of water drainage of municipal sewage in rural settlements under the responsibility of the governing bodies of territorial communities; join the system of on-site regular water monitoring of the Dniester Basin Management; strengthen the responsibility of the public in the person of the basin council of the small river Hnizna. Keywords: the basin of the Hnizna River, pond network, functional and spatial features, geoecological problems.

Geoecological problems of agricultural environmental management in conditions of climatic fluctuations within the Voronezh forest-steppe

Geoecological problems of agricultural environmental management in conditions of climatic fluctuations within the Voronezh forest-steppe

GIS modeling to investigate environmental change and degradation in Kohima district, North East Hill (NEH) region of India.

As a part of the Himalayan mountains, the North East Hill (NEH) region of India is geophysically dynamic and seismotectonically active since its formation about 55 million years ago with a head-on collision of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The region still has been underthrusting at a rate of 4.5-5cm/year causing the reshaping and changing of its geophysical characteristics (geology, geomorphology, relief, slope gradient, drainage system, etc.), whereas anthropogenic activities, particularly shifting cultivation and technological intervention, have caused changes or degradation of the ecological environment (air, land, water, vegetation, crop pattern, climate, wildlife, etc.). Addressing this burning geoecological problem, a geospatial technology-based case study from the Kohima district of Nagaland in the North East Hill region of India is presented here. Through the development and integration of multiple GIS modules, this reconnaissance study suggests that continuous seismic activities (about 27 seismic events/year) along tectonic faults, thrusts, and lithological shear zones have been reshaping and changing the geophysical environment, whereas the ecological environment has been changing or degrading due to decreasing natural landscape and habitats (forest area, water bodies, and shrubs) at an annual rate of 5.91 km2 (0.60%), increasing built-up area, agricultural land, and wasteland at an annual rate of 2.73 km2 (0.28%), 2.69 km2 (0.27%), and 0.49 km2 (0.05%) respectively. Results also suggest that environmental degradation results in accelerated trends of climate change (rising temperature at the rate of 0.13°C/year, decreasing annual rainy days at the rate of 2days/year, decreasing annual rainfall at the rate of 9.55cm/year, mounting climatic zones at the rate of 175m/year) and its adverse impacts (increasing extreme rainfall events at the rate of 3 events/year and causing cloud burst, erosion, landslides, and floods) in the region.

Set of Engineering and Geophysical Methods for Determining the Volume of Homogeneous Industrial Waste at Sites of Accumulated Environmental Harm

The paper presents the application results of geophysical methods (micro-near-field time-domain electromagnetic sounding and ground penetrating radar profiling) performed in 2022 to determine the volume of homogeneous industrial waste in collection ponds using the example of the phenol lake within the city limits of Ulan-Ude , The Republic of Buryatia. The boundaries and volumes of industrial waste disposal were determined, and the position of the overlying and bottom beds of the phenol pound were recorded. The migration channel of hydrophilic chemical pollutants from the bed of the studied object was identified and the reservoir was installed to collect, over the years of infiltration processes, fluid saturated with hydrophilic chemical pollutants from the phenol pound. 3D models of the industrial waste deposits in the phenol lake and 3D models of the identified collector were built. It was concluded that the used set of geophysical methods was effective for solving similar engineering, environmental and geoecological problems.

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК АНТРОПОГЕННИХ ТА ПРИРОДНИХ ЛАНДШАФТІВ ТЕРИТОРІЙ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ)

The article examines the problems of anthropogenic influence on natural and natural-anthropogenic complexes on the example of landscapes of the Odesa region. Urban planning as a sphere of human activity forms the territory with the aim of organizing the life activities of society. At the same time, the components and elements of the landscape are adapted for economic activity and population living. For urban planning, the landscape represents a place - a spatial resource, a basis for placing technical elements of the environment: industrial and agricultural buildings, city infrastructure. The geological environment serves as the basis of all structures. The article emphasizes the need to study the interaction between the settlements of the Odesa region and nature at the macro- and meso-territorial levels, which largely depends on the properties of the landscapes included in this large region, as well as on the structure of settlement, distances between cities, the density of the transport network, etc. others. The categories of landscapes of the Odesa region are quite diverse. The multiplicity of purposes for the use of the territories of the region requires differentiation of its analysis. Therefore, the components of the natural environment should be ranked according to the importance of each type of use of the territory. At the same time, only those properties that correspond to the intended purpose of the assessment should be assessed. The natural properties of landscapes and their individual components largely determine the conditions of human habitation, the main directions of economic activity, the structure of land use, the response of the natural environment to man-made loads, as well as the spectrum of related geo-ecological problems. Information about the landscape structure of the territory, the natural laws of its formation, the nature of anthropogenic changes in landscapes are important in scientific research developments and in practical activities - when substantiating directions of nature use, construction projects, in nature protection and other fields.

Assessment of the current state of the hydrochemical regime and water-environmental problems of the basin of the Gavaraget River flowing into Lake Sevan

The results of studies of the current hydro-chemical state and water-ecological problems of the Gavaraget River basin, which flows into Lake Sevan from the north-west, are presented. Extreme water discharge, ten-day flow, ecological output have been determined, water-ecological features have been identified, long-term dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the ecological state of the Gavaraget River, spatial-temporal changes in winter and summer-autumn ten-day flow have been shown, the hydro-chemical state has been presented, the main water-ecological problems of this basin and ways to solve them were proposed, the physical and chemical state of Gavaraget water was clarified in accordance with the standards and requirements for water quality, and the level of risk was indicated. It has been clarified that the annual runoff in the basin basically follows the general features of the annual precipitation regime: the minimum amount falls in winter, and the maximum in spring. It is shown that Gavaraget is one of the most polluted rivers in the Lake Sevan basin. It was revealed that it is mainly contaminated with untreated domestic wastewater and agricultural return water. It was found that as the impact of anthropogenic load increases, river water pollution increases from the source to the mouth of the river. The water quality in the upper part of Gavaraget (0.5 km upstream from the village of Tsaghkashen) is excellently characterized as “excellent” (I) and “good” (II), in the lower part (at the river mouth) with “moderate” (III) and “unsatisfactory” (IV) class. The research results can be useful in solving geo-ecological problems, managing aquatic ecosystems, determining ecological flow, assessing risks, predicting water disasters, protecting river ecosystems from degradation, etc.

FROM THE HISTORY OF MODERN RESEARCH OF GEO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL RIVERS OF WESTERN PODILLIA

Systematization of the authors' research and publications on the river-basin systems of small rivers of Western Podillia has been carried out. Three main stages are distinguished. The analyzed basic scientific works of these stages proved the expansion of the spectrum of geoecological studies of small rivers by representatives of the Lviv Scientific School under the patronage of Prof. I. Kovalchuk. At the end of the first stage (2005, 2007, 2010, such studies were carried out by representatives of the Ternopil Scientific Center under the leadership of Prof. L. Tsaryk. The study of the geoecological problems of small rivers reached special relevance in the middle of the second stage with the study of the natural resource potential in river basins (natural recreational, environmental protection, integral resources in the dissertation studies of S. Novytska, O. Greskiv, I. Vitenko, L. Babiuk. During this period, four candidate theses on this issue, a number of bachelor's and master's theses (O. Burtak, V. Tsaryk) were defended ).At the third stage, the activity of expeditionary research in the basins of the rivers Kachava (L. Yankovska, A. Tsidylo), Gnizdechna (I. Kuzyk, I Branovskyi.), Gnizna (V. Tsaryk, P. Tsaryk), Nichlavka and Nichlava (Yu. Melnyk, I. Kuzyk, L. Tsaryk). Graduate students of the Faculty of Geography conduct complex hydroecological studies of the basins of small rivers of Western Podillia, as evidenced by the published collective monograph and a number of articles in specialized scientific journals.
 The article highlights the geoecological problems of small rivers, such as the reclamation of wetlands, which in the conditions of aridization of the climate leads to over-draining of reclaimed lands, disruption of the water balance within river basins, which have turned into ecologically unstable lands. Daily and seasonal changes in the heat balance are observed, which affects the daily and seasonal rhythms of the bioproductivity of soil microorganisms, and therefore the processes of soil formation, renewability and stability of soils. Changes in the heat balance in conditions of aridization of the climate do not contribute to the establishment of optimal ratios between heat and moisture. The problem of disturbance of mineral metabolism in soils as a result of agricultural cultivation, when mineral fertilizers, toxic chemicals are applied to them, and mineral substances are removed from the fields along with the harvest. Annually, with the harvest of one ton of grain, up to 65 kg of the main active substances are removed from the soil. The introduction of an excessive amount of mineral fertilizers leads to their accumulation in soil horizons, and therefore in plant organisms.
 The problem of changing the biogenic cycle of substances is related to the processes of soil and humus formation. Extraction of a significant part of organic substances with plant products from the geosystem in the process of agricultural production, lack of adequate introduction of organic fertilizers instead leads to dehumification of soils, reduction of the capacity of their humus layer, reduction of fertility, ultimately to their depletion and degradation. In river basins, the average application of organic fertilizers has decreased tenfold - from 14 t/ha in 1990 to 0.34 t/ha in 2020, and they are not applied at all on large areas of land.
 Residual soil contamination with radionuclides of cesium-137 and strontium-90 remains within the limits of Polivetska, Palashivska and Bazarska village councils, located in the middle part of the Djuryn river basin. Within the basin of the Nichlava River, radiation pollution is limited to the outskirts of the settlements of Shmankivchiki, Kolindani, Davidkivtsi, Mikhalkiv, Pylypche, Ustya. Radionuclides migrated deep into the soil profiles in the watershed areas and accumulated at a depth of 80-100 cm.
 The conducted studies proved that the development of degradation processes in the conditions of long-term anthropogenic loads is the cause of the loss of the basin system's stability.
 Optimization measures based on the principle of maintaining balance and parity development of the economy and nature protection are substantiated. This means that the use of land and other natural resources and the development of economic activity in the studied territory should not deteriorate the quality of the environment and the state of natural geosystems and their geocomponents. Optimization measures provide for the improvement of the quality of the environment and the formation of an ecologically safe system of nature management
 Key words: historical stages, geoecological problems, small rivers, Western Podillia.

Изучение влияния факторов, определяющих результаты геофизических исследований на территориях, загрязнённых лёгкими нефтепродуктами

Oil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem of underground space. The penetration of hydrocarbons into aquifers threatens to spread pollution over large areas from the source. Pollutants cause damage to natural environments and lead to damage and destruction of ecosystems. To solve environmental problems in the search for hydrocarbon pollution, geophysics is often used. In contaminated sites, knowledge of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollution, is essential for risk assessment and site remediation planning. Despite the fact that many geophysical methods have proven their effectiveness in solving geoecological problems, pollution of the underground environment is complex. This is primarily due to the fact that the distribution of the pollutant has an impact on both the geological and mechanical components of soils, and the biological and chemical ones. The article discusses the influence of various factors on the formation of anomalies detected by methods of shallow geophysics in the process of studying the pollution of the geological environment with oil products. The main purpose of such work is the detection, contouring and determination of the migration routes of light oil products. The paper describes several generalized models of the distribution of hydrocarbon pollution, each of which can be used to solve the set tasks, as well as be a useful tool for predicting the distribution of oil products and modeling geophysical responses from a multifactorial environment. Among the factors influencing the results of geophysical studies, a special position is occupied by biodegradation processes, as a result of which significant changes in the physical properties of the medium occur.

Environmental aspects of anthropogenic development of Altai mountain areas

The difficulties in finding a balance in the relationship between recreational activities and geosystems are considered. At present there are geoecological problems in mountainous areas of Altai, connected with intensively increasing anthropogenic load on vulnerable landscapes, some elements of geodiversity and territories of remote areas of the Altai Republic. The importance of nature protection and educational function of "Altai" Geopark in protecting the unique elements of geodiversity from human activity is indicated, and in general, the role of "Altai" Geopark and the importance of giving it UNESCO status in further development of ecological and moral tourism in Kosh-Agach region. The issues of overuse of monuments of inanimate nature as objects of excursion show in the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure on them in connection with the increasing annual tourist flow to Kosh-Agachsky district of the Republic of Altai are considered. The role of the development of the geopark "Altai" and giving it the status of UNESCO in the further development of ecological and moral tourism in Kosh-Agachsky area is considered.

Анализ геоэкологических проблем и оценка обеспеченности питьевыми водами Клинского района Московской области

The purpose of the research is to analyze the water availability and geo ecological situation in the catchments of the rivers in Klinsky district in Moscow region. The characteristic of aquifers used for domestic drinking water supply is carried out and the dynamics of groundwater intake in recent years is analyzed. It was revealed that the main reason for the decrease in water intake is an increase in the efficiency of water supply network up to 0.8…0.89 as a result of repair and reconstruction. In the dynamics of changes in the structure of water consumption, the following trends have been identified: water losses reduction as a result of reconstruction and modernization of water supply networks; water consumers increase due to economic development of the district; total water consumption decrease due to the reduction of water losses and the introduction of advanced water use technologies. The main consumer of water resources is the population (45, 48%, respectively), the second main water consumer is industrial enterprises (40…43%). The influence of the depression funnel around the Northern VZU on the water supply in the Klin district with groundwater which is about 83% of the total water intake, is taken into account. The main causes of groundwater pollution have been identified.

To the question of research of geo-ecological problems of urbanization processes in the aspect of the concept of sustainable development

Purpose. To conduct an analysis of the spread of contemporary globalization processes and the geo-ecological problems caused by them, directions regulating the development of cities in the aspect of the concept of sustainable development; to single out and justify the geoecological problems of cities on the basis of the analysis of the development of global urbanization processes. Methods. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the research, the work uses systemic, synergistic, and historical scientific approaches, as well as a complex of scientific methods: methods of induction and deduction, the method of comparison, the method of generalization, the method of analogy, the method of systematization, and the method of modeling. Results. The development and implementation of the Concept of sustainable development, the aspects of sustainable urbanization were determined based on the study of the formation of the world scientific opinion on the issue of sustainable development, namely: environmental protection, economic development, social justice and equality. Their components and the concept of "sustainable urbanization" were considered. The presentation of various aspects of sustainable urbanization in the development programs of the World Bank, UN-Habitat and the Alliance of Cities, in particular – geoecological one, was analyzed. The peculiarities of the flow of geoecological problems of cities and the need to take this aspect into account for the sustainable development of urban social and geographical systems were substantiated. Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate significant attention to the geoecological aspect of urbanization, the importance of its research and analysis in the aspect of sustainable development of cities. An important aspect of further strategic planning and development of cities is a harmonious combination of ecological, economic and social components. In further research, the author plans to develop a model of sustainable development of the city with a balanced ratio of economic, social and environmental components of development.

География сабағында Coreapp.ai платформасын қолданудың мүмкіншіліктері

The article presents material on the use of an online platform in distance learning. Currently, one of the most effective platforms for organizing and managing students’ learning is the program Coreapp.ai. The article analyzes in detail the advantages of using and organizing the learning process based on this program. However, the platform Coreapp.ai is considered a digital resource and a program that allows one to organize the learning process in a game form. Within the framework of the Coreapp.ai program, students can develop various tasks directly on the platform and structure by difficulty levels and test their knowledge and skills. The authors propose samples of tasks for the study of volcanic processes, lithospheric cataclysms, and geoecological problems and indicators. In addition, the server is free and multilingual, understandable without special explanatory instructions. The user can post on the educational platform such materials as a video file, presentation, document in Word format, audio recording, drawing, as well as compose tasks of various types, in particular exercises with an open answer. Students can fill in the blanks, choose answers to test tasks. To conduct questionnaires and develop tasks with programmed answers, the platform enables to use of ready-made tasks from a similar program LearningApps.org. Also, the authors present several tasks in this study. For example, in the first task, it is necessary to correctly place the names of the elements of the volcano. In the second task, students need to find the correct location of each element of the volcano. The third task provides the establishment of the geoecological situation in a particular area of the globe. The fourth task allows students to identify relationships between objects and processes by means of geoecological indicators. Such tasks ensure students form spatial and logical thinking.

Mining and environmental problems of Dalnegorsk, Primorye territory, and ways to solve them

Intensive development of deposits in the Primorsky Territory has led to the accumulation of a large amount of waste from the processing of mineral raw materials, which has a negative impact on the environment. The environmental situation is aggravated by the fact that tailings, where processing waste is stored, located near settlements (for example, Dalnegorsk). The protection of the ecosphere is an urgent geoecological problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to study the mining and environmental problems of ensuring the environmental safety of the technogenic system. The methodological basis of the study was the teaching of Academician V.I. Vernadsky about the biosphere and noosphere and the main provisions of B.P. Kolesnikov and A.V. Motorin, set out in the program and methodology for the study of technogenic ecosystems. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the complex geoecological assessment of environmental objects using mathematical methods. The patterns of migration of heavy metal compounds and arsenic from tailings to the components of the ecosphere are revealed. Methods for reducing the negative impact of mountain systems on the environment are substantiated using the capabilities of biological systems, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

Water facilities of Ternopil: hydrography, ecological condition and water supply

The most sensitive to anthropogenic pressure in the city are water resources: surface and groundwater, water sources, etc. Therefore, the analysis of hydrographic features and ecological status of water bodies of the city of Ternopil is an urgent and important scientific and practical task. Purpose. Analysis of hydrographic features and ecological condition of water bodies of the Ternopil city, coverage of problems of pollution of the reservoir, quality of water in the Seret River and the main water intakes of the city Methods. Generalization and systematization, descriptive, SWOT-analysis, cartographic, geoinformation, geochemical assessment of the ecological status of water bodies of the city. Results. Generalization and systematization of data on the hydrographic network of the Ternopil city, allows us to state the fact that the main water bodies of the city is the Seret River – 242 km long (within the city 1.8 km) and the basin area 3900 km2; reservoir – an area of 300 hectares, nameless right tributary and canalized left tributary of the Seret River – the Rudka. The ecological condition of the Seret River within the city of Ternopil can be assessed as unsatisfactory. The main geoecological problems of the river are construction within the the coastal protection zone, water pollution by solid waste, exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations of suspended solids, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates and petroleum products. Environmental problems of the Ternopil reservoir are water pollution by chemical compounds of ammonium nitrogen, petroleum products, suspended solids and total iron; high siltation and pollution of the bottom sediments of the reservoir with heavy metals and mobile forms of biogenic elements. Water supply in the Ternopi cityl is carried out from two water intakes - Biletsky and Verkhnyo-Ivachivsky. Verkhno-Ivachivsky water intake is located at a distance of 3 km from the city landfill in the village of Malashivtsi. In the last few years, the process of drilling and using private artesian wells with a depth of more than 50 m has become widespread in the city. According to the results of the analysis, installed compliance with sanitary requirements of water samples in these wells, pH in all samples within normal limits (6,5-8,5). Conclusions. Current trends in climate change and the growth of anthropogenic pressure on water bodies, increases the risks of degradation and changes in some components of the hydrographic network of the city. In Ternopil, it is necessary to modernize the centralized water supply system, reconstruct rainwater collectors and strengthen control over unauthorized discharges into surface water bodies. It is also worth designing another water intake for the city in environmentally secure conditions.

REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

Link for citation: Galkin A.N., Krasovskaya I.A., Pavlovsky A.I., Shershnev O.V. Regional analysis of the occurrence and spread of engineering-geological processes in the Republic of Belarus. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2022, vol. 333, no. 4, рр. 202-214. In Rus.
 The relevance. The issues of studying the scale of distribution and causes of engineering-geological processes in the Republic of Belarus are positioned as one of the priority issues among the wide range of geoecological problems. Obtaining such information allows identifying and analyzing the factors of human economic activity that impact the geological environmental state, identifying the emergence and presence of threats in urbanized territories, leading to decrease in the safety and living conditions of humans. The aim of the research is to analyze the causes and degrees of manifestation of the most noticeable in the regional plan engineering-geological processes occurring in Belarus. Objects: urbanized territories, mineral extraction and processing facilities, reclaimed land, phenomena and processes resulting from engineering and geological human activity. Methods: research and classification engineering-geological processes developing on the territory of Belarus; expert and comparative methods were used to systematize and analyze the main factors of their occurrence and development on the territory of the country, based on the results of earlier published works and present time field investigations carried out by the authors. Results. The author's expert evaluation and field methods of research have established that the most common factors of occurrence and activation of engineering-geological processes in the Republic of Belarus include: land reclamation, open-pit mining and subsurface mining, groundwater overexploitation, static and dynamic loads from structures and transport, engineering and human economic activities in urbanized areas, natural climatic conditions, and the genesis and composition of rocks. Engineering-geological processes and phenomena such as groundwater table drawdown, gravitational processes, local earthquakes, suffusion, frost heaving, flooding, and waterlogging are identified and characterized. The spread of engineering-geological processes and phenomena has both a local character within settlements and covers vast areas of dozens of square kilometers. As a result of the study, the mapping of sources of technogenic impact on the geological environment and the manifestations of engineering-geological processes in the territory of Belarus were compiled.

Environmental problems of small rivers in the Volga and Dneprovsky basin in the territory of the Kaluga region

The article deals with the geoecological problems of small rivers of the Volga and Dnieper basins in the Kaluga region. The analysis of water resources of the Kaluga region is given. It is shown that intensive use of river runoff, transformation of natural landscapes, agromelioration and urbanization, anthropogenic and technogenic load have led to a violation of the hydrological regime of small rivers. This led to a change in the intra-annual distribution of runoff on the territory of the Kaluga Region and neighboring regions, stimulated the progressive process of shallowing and disappearance of small rivers as a result of violation of natural flow-forming complexes. Heavy damage to small rivers, which are very sensitive to pollution, is caused by storm drains, which are often comparable to urban sewage

GEOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

The article is devoted to the essence and content of the emergence of the concept of the concept of geotechnical systems, as well as from the interaction with the environment. The article reveals the features of the structure of geotechnical systems, sustainability and its development. The primal and investigative links of the occurrence of geoecological problems as a result of the influence of its many species on the environment are revealed. The main focus is not on the impact of mining, industrial and agricultural geotechnical systems on the environment.

Geoecological problems of the Terek-Kuma artesian basin

The state of the quality of drinking water and soil of the settlement has a direct impact on the health of the population and this problem is undoubtedly relevant for most territories of the Republic of Dagestan. In this regard, this article discusses the results of studies of drinking water from artesian wells and soil in the village of Bogatyrevka, located 18 km northwest of the city of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan and 8 km west of the Caspian Sea coast, with a population of about 3200 people. The object of research were soils and artesian waters, which are used by the population of the village as a source of drinking water, since there is currently no centralized drinking water supply.

REGISTRATION OF INITIAL ACTIVITIES OF CIVIL GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF NORTHERN FERGANA AND ISSUES OF OPTIMIZING THEM

This article covers geoecological problems in Northern Fergana by identifying, comparing and evaluating saline soils and their impact on the population using field and statistical methods. It also provides practical recommendations for preventing geoecological problems such as soil salinization and desertification.