Geodynamic Zones Research Articles

Geological hazards when justifying the regulations of urban development

Relevance. Territorial planning of cities determines the reduction or prevention of possible or existing losses of the population, economic facilities and the environment from technoprirodnye hazards of different genesis. The effectiveness of planning regulations for urban development depends on the degree of validity of identification and forecasts of the occurrence and evolution of hazardous natural and technogenic processes in time and space. This, in its turn, is determined by the reliability of our ideas about the patterns of their formation and regional distribution. Aim. To identify geological hazards and propose the main engineering and geological constraints in urban planning on the example of Gomel. Objects. Natural and technical system "geological environment – technogenic impacts – hazardous natural and technoprirodnye processes". Methods. Systematic approach to the analysis of patterns of formation of hazardous natural and technoprirodic processes in the city; numerical modeling of geofiltration and geomigration processes based on the geofiltration model "GOMEL". Results. The most characteristic dangerous natural and technoprirodnye processes have been established on the example of the city of Gomel. Priority areas for the introduction of planning restrictions: tectonic situation; man-made flooding, were identified. Soil conditions are considered separately as one of the factors effecting the precipitation of natural and artificial bases under the influence of loads from civil and industrial buildings and structures. The authors have revealed the presence of disjunctive, as well as plicative in the form of flexures, age-varying and multi-scale dislocations forming the block structure of the upper part of the earth's crust of the city. It is shown that from the point of view of the stability of engineering structures, the absolute values of the velocities of long-period unidirectional block displacements are dangerous during long-term operation of structures located in interblock active zones. At the same time, short-period multidirectional movements in the active geodynamic zones of the articulation of blocks cause a change in the slope and bending of the foundations of structures. The paper introduces the engineering-geological features of the most common surface deposits: the terrigenous gray-colored formation of the Paleogene; glacial, periglacial and extraglacial formations of anthropogenic origin and their facies-genetic complexes. The authors identified the potential natural and technological hazards associated with the marked deposits. The paper demonstrates the causes and mechanisms of the formation of technogenic flooding of the city, as well as the genesis of the decrease in the deformation properties of moraine sandy loam with a technogenic increase in humidity. It is concluded that when establishing land use regulations for a city, as a rule, general measures cannot be taken, both for its entire territory and for certain stages of construction activity. The paper introduces the corresponding restrictions on the use of subsoil.

A mineralogical-geomorphological terrain analysis of hotspot volcanic islands - The missing link between carbonatite- and pegmatite Nb-F-Zr-Li-Be-bearing REE deposits and new tools for their exploration (Canary Islands Archipelago, Spain)

Two geoscientific disciplines (mineralogy, geomorphology) which are placed far apart from each other are selected to forge a genetic tie line between carbonatite- and agpaitic pegmatite-hosted REE deposits, likewise far away from each other. The Canary Islands Archipelago, Spain, (=CIA) is known as a hotspot hosting REE among other rare elements (28 Ma to the Recent) in volcanic landforms. This rare metal metallogenic province is connected to a carbonatite-pegmatite REE province in NNW Africa. It is a binary mineralization with one hub covering SW Tenerife and NE La Gomera that is characterized by an alkali-magmatite-related REE system with pegmatitic syenites at depth and another hub covering Central - and NW Fuerteventura where (meta) carbonatites are exposed and form a bridge to the REE-bearing carbonatites and pegmatites on mainland Africa, Morocco.The REE concentration took place in four stages which differ from each as with regard to their landscape and mineralogy:(1)magmatic calcic-carbonatites with REE-bearing apatite (28 to 24 Ma)(2)calcic-carbonatites, alkali magmatites with REE phosphate and carbonates (contact-metamorphic - metasomatic, epithermal) (19 to 4 Ma)(3)alkali magmatites with hydroxyl-group-bearing REE phosphates, REE oxides, Fe oxide, Fe-Cu sulfides, kaolinite-halloysite, and REE-APS minerals (epithermal) (5 to 0.3 Ma)(4)pyroclastic and volcanic rocks with smectite, kaolinite, REE-bearing silicates and oxides (auto-metasomatic) and a variegated series of more than 100 REE-, Nb-, F-, Zr-, Li- and Be minerals which are diagnostic for carbonatite- and/or alkali-magmatites pegmatitic systems at depth (<0.6 Ma).This REE mineralization of the CIA extending into on-shore Morocco is akin to the REE mineralization recorded from titanomagnetite–magnetite–apatite-REE- deposits in carbonatite-alkaline complexes in N Europe with the reference catena-deposits Kiruna-Sokli-Chibina (Sweden, Finland, Russia). The NNW African REE metallogenic province shows from E to W four geodynamic zones:(1)Atlas Mts. REE - Fe Province (thick continental crust of the mainland),(2)Fuerteventura (thick continental shelf pinching out to the W),(3)Gran Canaria – Tenerife-La Gomera (thin continental shelf to oceanic crust),(4)El Hierro – La Palma (barren zone as to REE oceanic crust).The REE mineralization starts off with syn- to post-kinematic en-echelon strike-slip faulting followed by a clock-wise rotation of its morpho-structural elements and wanes with a reactivation of NE-SW morpho-structural elements as normal faults attesting to a decoupling from the Atlas Mts. deformation and intensification of an individual hotspot mineralization. The land-forming processes and the resultant volcanic landscape are genetically linked to the REE-, Nb-, F-, Zr-, Li-, and Be mineralization: mass wasting (MW) > fluvial drainage (FD) > lacustrine (L), ≥ coastal marine (CM) ≫ aeolian (A). Each of the land-forming processes provides marker landforms indicative processes relevant for rare element accumulations:MW: thrusting, exhumation of the level of primary REE mineralization, zones of structural weakness,FD: morphostratigraphic tracing of fertile bedrocks, demarcation of ring dyke complexes and zones of contact-metamorphic and contact-metasomatism, zones of ground- and surface water stagnancy, zones of strong argillitization and hematitization,CM: exhumation, providing marker heavy minerals and gravel lithoclasts,L: rifting structures, zones of volcanic and epithermal activity,A: pathfinder heavy minerals.The methodological approach taken throughout this composite study (field- and laboratory-based research work combined with a meticulous review of the mineralogical, chronological and geological regional literature) is that of a mineralogical-geomorphological terrain analysis.Numerical geomorphological and sedimentological parameters are of assistance during remote sensing and ground follow-up mapping: (1) elevated degree of sinuosity and argillitization, (2) numerical classification of the terrain based on dip of slope plus altitude, (3) gravel analysis based on granulometry, morphology and situmetry (GMS technique) for provenance and environment analysis. The morphodynamic elements have a high preservation potential and are not blurred by morphoclimatic ones so that the mineralogical terrain analysis can be taken as a trusted exploration tool for REE.Geodynamic and volcanic activity are the driving forces and prevail over the climate impact in shaping the landscape. Therefore, landforms in combination with compositional data from mineralogy can shed some light on the origin of REE-Nb-F-Zr-Li- Be mineral associations on hotspot volcanic islands. This holistic approach can also be taken to different mineral commodities elsewhere in the world given a low maturity of the landscape in the target area. It can also be used for submarine landforms in and around an archipelago simply by minero-stratigraphic correlation from land to sea. The mineralogical terrain analysis as applied in the current study is not a fixed methodological construct but open also for replacements and supplements by e.g. geophysics.

Methodology of a comprehensive risk assessment of the degree of geodynamic hazard of the state of the Earth’s crust block during the development of coal deposits

Geodynamic risks were studied during the development of coal deposits in the Russian Federation at the end of the last century, due to the difficulties in implementing green energy. The main directions of their development are established, their sectorial focus is noted, and a new methodological approach is proposed. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for assessing the risk of geodynamic hazard of the earth’s crust block state in the areas of coal deposits’ development in the Russian Federation in order to ensure safety, which is a complex scientific task. The proposed risk assessment methodology includes an integrated approach taking into account geodynamic zoning, monitoring and industrial safety. The proposed risk assessment methodology includes a systematic approach, taking into account geodynamic zoning, monitoring and industrial safety. The practical use of the implementation of the proposed methodology is to expand the use of digital technologies for collecting information, as well as to gain new knowledge about the impact of geodynamic processes on safety and sustainable development of territories

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE MONGOLIAN-BAIKAL REGION

The origins and formation mechanisms of neotectonic structures in a part of the Mongolian-Siberian region were identified by geodynamic zoning based on multidimensional statistical analysis of numerical arrays describing geological-geophysical and geological-geomorphological processes. These processes in the regional lithosphere were described by a set of 11 geological and geophysical parameters, divided into three main groups using the hierarchical method of cluster analysis. The first group includes the seismic moment, the density of active faults, the rates of current horizontal deformations, and the magnitude of the deep heat flow. The second group involves the thicknesses of the earth’s crust and exogenous active layer, the velocities of current horizontal movements, and the amplitudes of vertical neotectonic movements. The third group includes gravity anomalies and the lithosphere thickness. The spatial grouping of parameters by cluster analysis (K-means method) yields seven clusters, whose spatial position and composition are determined by the geological history, geological structure, geodynamic evolution of the region, and the current deformation rates. Some clusters characterize large rigid lithospheric blocks, while other clusters describe large active fault systems in the given area. The search for latent factors that make the greatest contribution to the dispersion of the geological and geophysical parameter values was carried out using the principal component method, which makes it possible to minimize the number of factors. Four main factors were identified for areas that differ in the morphology and origin of neotectonic structures: (i) higher horizontal compressive and tensile strains, (ii) dynamic effect of mantle anomalies, manifested in uplifts and arching, (iii) activation of thinned lithosphere within the boundaries of lithospheric plates and large blocks, and (iv) active shear deformation of the earth’s crust. The results of clustering and factor analysis of numerical arrays describing the geological-geophysical and geological-geomorphological processes within the Mongolian-Siberian region can be interpreted in the framework of physical mesomechanics.

Application of GIS technologies for engineering geodynamic zoning of mountain territories

The lack in practise of applying special engineering-tectonic studies in the course of standard engineering surveys does not allow us to fully take into account the features of engineering-geological conditions of mountainous territories.In the work for the section of the Black Sea coast from Gelendzhik to Tuapse, which is part of the Afipsko-Defanovskaya orographic stage, a detailed study of discontinuous structures was carried out using cartographic constructions. The use of the GIS technology tool made it possible to carry out an overlay analysis of maps of morphometric indicators, as well as to draw up a diagram of tectonic blocks. The results showed good convergence with the data obtained earlier on a smaller scale. This provided the basis for zoning the territory according to the degree of favorability of engineering and tectonic conditions with the involvement of morphometric and tectonic features. The study of this territory was conducted for the first time and contributes to the clarification of its neotectonic structure, expanding the scope of application of structural and geomorphological methods based on GIS technologies in engineering and geological research.

Monitoring of ground surface deformation at Taimyrsky Mine using Sentinel-1 radar imaging for geodynamic risk assessment

The modern stage of mineral mining involves prediction of geotechnical risks. One of the major methods in this regard is the geodynamic zoning. The key target is to assess the cross-effect of mining operations and blocks structure of the Earth&rsquo;s crust. This article presents the information on ground surface subsidence within the boundary of the mining lease of Taimyrsky Mine as a result of processing of paired images from Sentinel-1A sate llite. The implemented probabilistic kinematic analysis revealed some features of movements in overlying rock mass, in particular, local uplifts of ground surface. The detailed information on vertical deformations was obtained. Such approach enabled detecting the deformation areas subjected to the effect of the global tectonics which is, as a rule, neglected in geotechnical risk assessment while it directly affects mining safety. Despite the apparently consistent patterns resulted from processing of satellite images, the method InSAR is only used as a supplemental technique since the relevant regulatory framework is yet absent. In combination with the conventional surveying for monitoring ground surface deformations, the method InSAR enhances efficiency of monitoring and improves accuracy of geodynamic risk prediction in the course of mineral mining, inclusive of observations over the global tectonic processes. The probabilistic kinematic analysis allows for getting insight into the mechanism of overlying rock mass movement with regard to rock mass jointing and, jointly with InSAR, can be used in the artificial intelligence systems for learning models of prediction of overlying rock movement parameters during mineral mining.

Dynamic response of multi-scale geophysical systems: waves and practical applications.

In this review paper, we discuss the nature of an apparent link between heterogeneities associated with geological anomalies hidden from direct observation, detected when they are analysed remotely from various distances-including borehole conditions as well as aero imaging. Here, the main emphasis is placed on geological and geophysical features represented by spatially distributed signals measured along drilled well or along predefined spatial routes. In the common practice of indirect measurements of parameters of seismically active regions, there exist certain observations on correlations in the vicinity of structural and geological anomalies, repeated patterns in the representation of correlation functions and corresponding classification in multidimensional statistical methods. Underlying natural physical processes, which determine the structure of the primary anomalous environment, are of interest. Physical analogies, based on the mathematical modelling and generalization of empirical data, may suggest that such a process may be linked to wave phenomena on a geological scale. Applications include analysis of anomalies associated with non-potential fields, mapping of geodynamic zones and seismic microzoning; reconstruction of the geostructural vertical section of the mountainous regions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 2)'.

Analysis of geodynamic conditions and zoning of oil and gas fields distribution based on the geological-geophysical data (in the context of Yevlakh-Aghjabedi territory)

The paper briefly characterizes the geodynamic conditions of before Hercinian, Hercinian and Alpine periods of regions evolution playing major role in formation of Meso-Cenozoic fold structures in the territory of Yevlakh-Aghjabedi oil-gas bearing region. During the analysis of structural-tectonic features highlighted in 3D models and geological-geophysical deep sections through the regional profiles of various directions, geodynamic conditions are observed (predicted) in the studied region, which cover the following stratigraphic intervals: - Permian-Triassic (basis) - Jurassic-Cretaceous and Paleogen - Maikop-Miocene and - Pliocene-Quaternary. The authors suppose that the favorable geodynamic conditions in these intervals contributed to the zoning of oil and gas deposits distribution.

Геодинамическое районирование юго-западной части Талнахской тектономагматической системы

This study focuses on the markers of tectonically stressed zones inside the rock mass, that were identified during the regional geodynamic zoning of the mine fields of the Talnakh orogenic system. Identification features for tracing geodynamically active structures within the western flank of the Talnakh orogenic system have been identified based on morphometric analysis of the Tunguska series sediments, which are the upper layer of the ore-bearing intrusions and associated ore deposits. In the larger morphostructural groups, the boundaries of contrastingly alternating zones of elevated and depressed absolute depths at the base and the roof of the Tunguska series sediments represent the boundaries of tectonic blocks of different elevation levels with sharply contrasting indices of terrain stress. The circular-shaped structures highlighted in the morphostructural schemes spatially coincide with the tectonic forms were formed as the result of strike-slip and torsional processes. A heterogeneity, which is reflected in the allocation of blocks with different values of the stress distribution coefficient (K) is identified in the initial stress field of the Tunguska series sediments. The boundaries of the geodynamic blocks that were identified using to different methods are identical. It is established that the assumed faults correspond to the faults identified based on the detailed exploration data.

Geodynamic conditions of massive sulfide formation in the Magnitogorsk megazone

Research subject. Volcanism, rock geochemistry, geodynamics, and massive sulfide formation in the Magnitogorsk megazone (MMZ) of the Southern Urals in the Middle Paleozoic.Materials and Methods. Across the largest part of the massive sulfide deposits under investigation, the authors conducted route studies, including geological surveys of individual ore fields and quarries of deposits, core samples of deep wells and transparent sections. Representative analyses of petrogenic and microelements were performed using wet chemistry and ICP-MS in analytical centers in Russia and Europe. Along with the authors’ data, analytical materials published by Russian and foreign researchers were used. Geodynamic reconstructions were carried out taking into account regional data on gravics, thermal field, magnetometry, and seismic stu dies, including «Urseis-95».Results. The geodynamic reconstructions established that the main elements of the paleostructure of the Southern Urals in the Devonian were the subduction zone of the eastern dip and asthenospheric diapirs that penetrated into the «slab-window», which determined the type of volcanic belts, the composition and volume of volcanic rocks of pyrite-bearing complexes, and ore matter of pyrite deposits. The following geodynamic zones in the MMZ were identified: 1 – polychronous accretion prism; 2 – frontal and developed island arcs (D1e2–D2ef1); 3 – zone of back-arc spreading (D1e2); 4 – rear island arc (D2ef1).Conclusions. All investigated zones and ore areas are characterized by an autonomous development of volcanism, a special deep structure and a different composition, as well as by a different volume of massive sulfide deposits that vary in the Cu and Zn ratios and Pb, Ba, Au amounts. In the MMZ volcanic complexes, three groups of plume source basalts are distinguished. The results can be used in predictive-estimation and search operations for massive sulfide mineralization.

Geomechanical conditions of extraction of gold-bearing ore reserves under the bottom of an open pit mine in Malomyr quartz deposit

Based on the studies into the engineering geology, geodynamic zoning, geomechanical stability and stress–strain behavior of rock mass, the authors substantiate the mining technology for Malomyr Mine.

Geodynamic aspects of high-level radioactive waste disposal: a case-study of Nizhnekansky massif

This article describes the methodological aspects and some results of the assessment and prediction of the geodynamic stability of the geological environment as applied to the problem of ensuring the safety of underground isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) in the geological formations of the Nizhnekansky massif, Krasnoyarsk Region. For this, the authors introduced a basic concept of the stability of the geological environment. Based on instrumental observations, mathematical models, system analysis of geospatial data, the ranking of structural tectonic blocks according to the degree of stability and the geodynamic zoning of the northern part of the Nizhnekansky massif were implemented. To assess the stability, the authors used geological data, a digital elevation model, the results of the interpretation of geophysical fields and geodetic observations. It is shown that the stability of the blocks differs significantly according to kinematic parameters. Geodetic observations based on GPS/GLONASS satellite systems, carried out in 2010-2019, made it possible to obtain for the first time information on the rates of horizontal movements of the lithosphere and their cyclicity for the region located in the zone of force interaction of the largest tectonic structures, namely, Siberian platform, West Siberian plate and the Altai-Sayan Orogen. The maximum speeds were recorded for points located in the zone of dynamic influence of the Muratovsky and Pravoberezhny faults. The energy concentration criteria as the fracturability characteristics of structural rock blocks are proposed for the stress–strain analysis of rock mass. To substantiate the long-term geodynamic safety of deep disposals of HLRW of the 1st and 2nd classes, the authors developed a program for the long-term observations of differentiated movements in the earth’s crust and seismic activity for 2021–2026 in an underground research laboratory. The study was carried out under the state contract between the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

Applying primary data from permanent stations for geodynamic zoning

Introduction. The article focuses on present-day geodynamic motion in order to carry out geodynamic zoning of territories. Geodynamic monitoring may be both regional, for instance, of the Russian Federation, Ural region, geological rock mass, and it may also be local, i.e. covering a deposit and enclosing rock mass. Permanent stations of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been used as a source of data for deformation monitoring. Methodology included the method of visualizing geodynamic motions according to the results of cyclic geodetic measurements which makes it possible to single out active geological structures, blocks, and tectonic faults on reasonable grounds. Results. It has been shown that it is advisable to use not modules of observation station displacement vector values but their velocities reduced to an annual cycle as a key source of information on geodynamic motion at large spatial-temporal bases. It has been indicated that an important characteristic of geodynamic motion vector field is divergence which characterizes the degree of convergence or divergence of a vector flux. Summary. Basic theses have been identified of the method of present-day geodynamic motions monitoring and visualization in the form of a vector field according to the results of cyclic geodetic measurements. Based on experimental data, it has been determined that the present-day geodynamic motion is vortical being the indicator of active tectonic faulting.

Hydrogen as an indicator of geodynamic processes in coal-bearing strata

Formulation of the problem. The problem of developing and implementing exploration technology that will ensure the protection of mine workings and prevent catastrophes in the development of coal deposits is especially relevant now, when the issue of environmental protection and safety at coal mines is very acute. Analysis of recent research and publications. The idea of degassing of the Earth as a global process of its self-organization was developed by V.I. Vernadsky in a number of works published in 1911, 1912, 1924. This concept has had and continues to have a powerful growing influence on modern Earth sciences. The idea of the key role of hydrogen in degassing of the Earth is developed in the works of V.M. Larin, F.A. Letnykov, А.А. Marakushev, V.V. Khmelyovska, A.V. Shcherbakov, N.D. Kozlova, Yu.A. Kolyasnikov, V.M. Shestopalov, V.I. Starostenko, A.N. Ponomarenko. The purpose of the article is: analysis of the current state of coal mining in Ukraine and in the world as a whole; substantiation of the possibility of using the technology of safe search for hydrogen in minefield development zones. Presentation of the main research material. The new development of safe exploration technology for coal deposits, proposed by the authors, will allow to track in advance, to identify places of possible manifestations of gas-dynamic phenomena and to make operational decisions to eliminate them. The technology is based on the use of exploratory gas-geochemical methods for mapping the places of gas-hydrogen accumulations and together with a set of geological and geophysical methods allows to allocate areas of possible emergency processes in the development zones of mine fields. On a large massif of field work of areal and profile surveys, the feasibility of using search technology has been proven to justify the use of advance degassing wells to prevent uncontrolled explosive processes and technical disasters. The proposed technology has been tested at numerous mining sites in the process of exploration and environmental research in areas of operating and developed mine fields. Conclusions. For the first time in the world practice, new approaches were proposed and substantiated to change the safety paradigm of coal mining, which will prevent the manifestations of unpredictable GDP and the associated material and human losses. Analysis of the results of a complex of fundamental and applied research at coal mining facilities allows, according to the proposed technology, to identify and map the studied areas of abnormal hydrogen concentrations, their characteristics and use it as reliable markers for operational decisions for safe mining by laying advance degassing wells, which will ultimately make emergency GDP impossible. The expediency of application of the proposed technology for substantiation and allocation of geodynamic active and stable zones and blocks promising for industrial exploration of hydrocarbons, determining the locations of possible manifestations of GDP and complex making operative decisions for safety of mining works is proved. And, unfortunately, the research carried out by scientists and the results obtained have not yet found worthy support from the President of Ukraine, state line ministries, commercial structures and the Academy of Sciences.

Giant Quasi-Ring Mantle Structure in the African–Arabian Junction: Results Derived from the Geological–Geophysical Data Integration

The tectonic–geodynamic characteristics of the North African–Arabian region are complicated by the interaction of numerous factors. To study this interaction, we primarily used satellite gravimetric data (retracked to the Earth’s surface), which has been acknowledged as a powerful tool for tectonic–geodynamic zoning. The applied polynomial averaging of gravity data indicated the presence of a giant, deep quasi-ring structure in the Eastern Mediterranean, the center of which is located under the island of Cyprus. Simultaneously, the geometrical center of the revealed structure coincides with the Earth’s critical latitude of 35°. A quantitative analysis of the obtained gravitational anomaly made it possible to estimate the depth of the upper edge of the anomalous body as 1650‒1700 km. The GPS vector map coinciding with the gravitational trend indicates counterclockwise rotation of this structure. A review of paleomagnetic data on the projection of the discovered structure into the Earth’s surface also confirms its counterclockwise rotation. Analysis of the geoid anomalies map and seismic tomography data commonly prove the presence of this deep anomaly. The structural and geodynamic characteristics of the region and paleobiogeographic data are consistent with the proposed physical–geological model. Comprehensive analysis of petrological, mineralogical, and tectonic data suggests a relationship between the discovered deep structure and near-surface processes. The deep structure also sheds light on specific anomalous effects in the upper layer of the crust, including the high-intensity Cyprus gravitational anomaly, counterclockwise rotation of the Mesozoic terrane belt, configuration of the Sinai Plate, and asymmetry of sedimentary basins along continental faults.

Подземная исследовательская лаборатория: преодоление неопределенностей в оценке сейсмических условий участка «Енисейский»

The article presents the basic principles and an algorithm allowing to arrange a seismological monitoring system for the Yeniseiskiy site selected for deep geological disposal of high-level waste. It describes the seismological monitoring system developed by NO RAO in 2018 also briefly considering the seismotectonic conditions of the area. The paper describes the process that has been followed to select the corresponding sites and equipment layouts in the areas fitted with seismological monitoring stations with relevant instrumental characteristics being provided. It shows that considering the current stage of research, higher sensitivity was provided in the area as compared to the one associated with available regional seismological observations. It demonstrates the efficiency of the built-up monitoring system with its sensitivity assessment provided both based on the calculated model and under real conditions. The long-term safety assessment performed for such a facility relies upon many factors with the seismic hazard level within the area of the monitored facility also taken into consideration. To provide most reliable evaluation of seismic parameters, continuous seismological monitoring should be performed over a several years’ period along with the sensitivity assessment of the selected monitoring system. The seismological monitoring system should focus not only on the general study of the monitored territory, but also on the areas assumed as zones of most probable seismic event occurrence, i.e. areas involving tectonic faults. The relevance of this task has been repeatedly emphasized in the course of multiple discussions on this issue featuring the representatives from SC Rosatom and the Scientific and Engineering Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety. The monitoring system fitted within the repository area meets relevant regulatory requirements. In accordance with the existing requirements, to reduce the uncertainties in the seismic hazard assessment of the territory, the implementation of certain measures was recommended during further development of the local seismological monitoring network to identify and assess the potential of hazardous geodynamic zones.

Dynamic Characteristics of Fault Structure and Its Controlling Impact on Rock Burst in Mines

As one of the most serious shock dynamic disasters in coal mining, rock burst only occurs under the certain geodynamic environment. Geodynamic is the necessary requirement for the occurrence of rock burst, and the disturbance of mining engineering is the sufficient requirement. In terms of the fault structure, the method of geodynamic zoning is used to classify fault structure forms of rock burst in mines, and a model of geological structure is established to reveal the connection between fault structure and mine engineering. Besides, the influence of fault structure on rock burst is analyzed, and the controlling mechanism of the fault structure on the tectonic evolution of the mine area and the occurrence of rock burst is revealed. This research provides a treatment plan for the prediction and prevention of rock burst and guides the safe production in the coal mining engineering.

Коллизионные деформации Днепровско-Донецкой впадины. Часть 2. Геодинамические режимы и кинематический механизм деформаций

The tectonic inversion of the Dnieper-Donets Basin and the Donets Foldbelt began in the Late Hercynian epoch under the influence of collisional movements of the left-sided knematics of the compression orogen on the edge of the Paleotethis. It is shown that as a result of gently inclined disruptions in the Paleozoic platform cover of the West Donets Graben, a thrust lattice was formed, which controlled the processes of collisional buckling of the horizons in the thrust and strike-slip modes. As a result of the displacement of geomasses from the axial zones of maximum compression to the zones of "geodynamic shadow" - in the direction of the Basin borders in the northern and axial parts of the Graben, linear uplift folds were formed, and in the southern - thrust covers. At the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, in the mode of interference of the uplift-thrust and strike-slip fields of the reverse, right-sided kinematics of movements, deformations of the Hercynian thrust lattice and the dynamically conjugated linear near-fault folding took place with the formation of coulisse articulated upthrust-fold zones and en-echelonly overthrust covers. The geodynamic setting of the grouping of the compression axes in the western part of the Donbass, which was experiencing orogenic uplift, caused the thrust of allochthonous geomasses to the syneclise related autochthon of the southeastern segment of the depression. In the West Donets Graben, this caused an increase in the section beyond the Hercynian Neoautochthon and the Cimmerian-Alpine allochthon with the formation of a clinoform wedging Segment. Along the main strike-slip faults, which form the tectonic rails of its invasion, geodynamic zones of geomass squeezing out, formed by curvilinear, en-echelonly upthrow folds, were formed. In the foreland of the Segment, at the ends of dynamically coupled thrust and strike-slip faults, a forward compression fan is formed; in the hinterland, on the roots of thrust covers, folded suture zones are formed. Based on the results of the kinematic analysis of the Hercynian and Alpine deformation structures, a new kinematic model of the tectonic inversion of the riftogenic structure of the Southeastern Segment of the Dnieper-Donets Basin has been developed. In accordance with it, the deformations of the sedimentary cover of the West Donets Graben were carried out according to the kinematic mechanism of a transverse orocline of pushing geomasses of the sub-thrust type, under the pressure of the tectonic stamp of the Donets Foldbelt.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE UNDERGROUND PIPELINE DURING ROCK SHIFTING IN THE AREAS OF ACTIVE TECTONIC FAULTS

Background In active geodynamic zones can be a change of position of the pipeline in the strength of seismic activity, landslides and clusters, and movements along faults, such as faults, reverse faults and vents, as well as the simultaneous combined effect of these movements. A local change of the position of the pipe taking place under these influences, causes additional stress from bending, and the general stress-strain condition worsens, which can lead to the destruction of pipelines and accidents. Aims and Objectives In this work, a pilot study of the deformation of the pipeline together with the ground for the analysis of stress-strain state of the pipeline and compare with the results of computer simulation. The objective of this study is to determine how much local soil movements affect the stress-strain state of the pipeline. Methods The experimental setup is a box made of OSB panels, which is filled with soil. The soil is placed in a polypropylene tube, to which is attached the load cells transmit measurements of deformation on the computer. At the bottom of the box and its lateral wall has the holes for the bars connected to the boards. These boards with the Jack alternately bring the soil in the vertical and horizontal movement. Results According to the results of the experiment, the dependences of the stresses arising in the experimental polypropylene pipe on the displacements of the soil were obtained. Using the similarity theory, these stresses were recalculated, and graphs of the dependences of stresses arising in a steel pipe, similar in parameters to that used in computer simulation, on soil displacements, were obtained. Comparison of the results of the experiment and computer simulations made earlier in the ANSYS program revealed a slight discrepancy between the results, which is explained by the inaccuracy in the selection of models for soil management. Further refinement of mathematical models is planned.

Type of crossing of coal waste dumps by geodynamical dangerous zones

The paper develops the concept of the existence geodynamically dangerous zones in the earth’s crust. These zones affects to the safety of the state of engineering structures and mining operations. The concept of geodynamic zoning is used, according to which geodynamically dangerous zones occurs during the interaction of blocks of the earth’s crust of various hierarchical ranks. On the example of the East Donbass, the typification of the intersection of coal waste dumps with geodynamically dangerous zones is considered. The position of 34 burning and burnt out dumps located near the cities of Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Region, their size R and the width of geodynamically dangerous zones r are taken in account. Based on the use of geodynamic zoning data, an analysis is made of the nature of the mutual arrangement of carbon rock dumps and the boundaries of blocks of the earth’s crust (geodynamically dangerous zones). It is found 4 types of intersection of the block boundaries and the body of the dumps. The intersection of the first type occurs when R&gt; r and the location of the intersection site entirely under the dump. The intersection of the second type occurs when R &lt;r and the location of the dump entirely in the geodynamically dangerous zone. The intersection of the third type occurs at any ratio of R and r, but the common area overlaps the geodynamically dangerous zone only partially (touch). In the fourth type of intersection, the set of common points R and r is empty (do not intersect). Typification can be used when choosing places for dumping and computer modeling of their thermal state.