Genus Research Articles

Diversity and Spatial Distribution of Predacious Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) on Organic Vegetable Fields and Adjacent Habitats in Brazil

Adults of the fly family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) are general predators on small soft-bodied invertebrates, and often are abundant in agroecosystems. However, information about their diversity and spatial distribution in agricultural landscapes are scarce. Using structured sampling, we identified the species of Dolichopodidae associated with organic vegetable crops, fallow, agroforestry, and native vegetation in the Federal District of Brazil, and evaluate their richness and abundance. We collected 70 species Dolichopodidae distributed in 17 genera and 9 subfamilies. Of these, some 80% of the specimens belong to the following 5 taxa: Chrysotus spectabilis (Loew), Thrypticus violaceous Van Duzee, Condylostylus depressus (Aldrich), Condylostylus “caudatus group” females, and Condylostylus erectus Becker (all Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Habitats with vegetable crops harbored a higher abundance and number of species (diversity α), with a gradual reduction towards more forested environments of native vegetation. This is an inverse gradient with the general patterns of community studies with other taxa. We also verified the importance of less disturbed habitats over time in the agricultural landscape, such as agroforestry and native vegetation, as complementary habitats for the maintenance and conservation of dolichopodid species in particular, a scenario to be tested for other insect groups. Resumo Os adultos da familia das moscas Dolichopodidae (Diptera) sao predadores generalistas de pequenos invertebrados de corpo mole, sendo geralmente abundantes em agroecossistemas. No entanto, informacoes sobre sua diversidade e distribuicao espacial em paisagens agricolas sao escassas. A partir de amostragens locais, identificamos as especies de Dolichopodidae associadas a hortalicas orgânicas, pousio, agrossilvicultura e vegetacao nativa no Distrito Federal, Brasil, e avaliamos sua riqueza e abundância. Foram coletadas 70 especies de Dolichopodidae distribuidas em 17 generos e 9 subfamilias. Destes, cerca de 80% dos especimes pertencem aos seguintes 5 taxons: Chrysotus spectabilis (Loew), Thrypticus violaceous Van Duzee, Condylostylus depressus (Aldrich), Condylostylus “grupo caudatus” e Condylostylus erectus Becker (todos dipteros: Dolichopodidae). Habitats com hortalicas abrigavam a maior abundância e numero de especies (diversidade α), com uma reducao gradual em direcao a ambientes mais florestados de vegetacao nativa. Este e um gradiente inverso com os padroes gerais de estudos comunitarios com outros taxons. Tambem verificamos a importância de habitats menos perturbados ao longo do tempo na paisagem agricola, como agrofloresta e vegetacao nativa, como habitats complementares para a manutencao e conservacao de especies de diclopodideos em particular. Este e um cenario a ser testado para outros grupos de insetos. Key Words: biological control; Neotropical region; Cerrado; habitat management; species richness; organic agro-ecosystems View this article in BioOne

Correction of the Lower Extremity Mechanical Axis Deviation in Children with Angular Deformities of the Knee treated with Guided Growth Hemiepiphysiodesis

Background: Correction rate of angular deformities around the knee following hemiepiphysiodesis has been variable in the literature. This study aims to report the rate of mechanical axis after hemiepiphysiodesis around the knee. Factors associated with differences in correction rate are also reported. Methods: Records of skeletally immature patients, who underwent hemiepiphysiodesis for either genu valgum or genu varum between 2004 and 2018, were reviewed. For all patients, temporary hemiepiphysiodesis was performed using tension band plating. Radiographs at preoperative visit as well as each follow up visit were reviewed. Lower extremity mechanical axis deviation …

Vorinostat as potential antiparasitic drug.

Vorinostat is a drug used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma whose action mechanism is based on Histone Deacetylase inhibition. Histone Deacetylases are a family of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone and non-histone proteins that control many crucial processes, such as gene regulation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis. Histone Deacetylase homologues are also expressed in parasites of the genus Plasmodium, Leishmania, Cryptosporidium, Schistosoma, Entamoeba, and others. In this way, antiparasitic properties of Vorinostat have been explored. The aim of this review is to report the current state knowledge of Vorinostat as antiparasitic drug against Plasmodium, Leishmania, Cryptosporidium, Schistosoma and Entamoeba in order to support future investigation in this field. The authors revised the recent and relevant literature concerning the topic and discussed advances and limitations of studies on Vorinostat as potential drug to treat human parasitic diseases. Vorinostat has been efficient in vitro and, in some cases, in vivo, against parasites that cause parasitic diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis, and schistosomiasis. In vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the antiparasitic activity of Vorinostat, however, the challenge is to assay its activity in animal models and to evaluate if Vorinostat is safe for humans as new alternative to treat human parasitic infections.

Coming soon! Changes affecting the genus Inocybe

Coming soon! Changes affecting the genus Inocybe

First Record of the Genus Macrobathra Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) from Korea with a Newly Recorded Species, M. quercea

In this study, we report a genus Macrobathra for the first time from Korea, including one newly reported species, M. quercea Moriuti, 1973. Adult including the genitalia of both sexes are described and photographs of adults and genitalia, distributional ranges and host plants are also provided.

First Record of Discothyrea sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae) from Korea

The species, Discothyrea sauteri Forel, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae), was documented for the first time in Korea. In this study, the morphological characteristics, representative images of this species, and a taxonomic key of the genera of the Korean Proceratiinae are provided.

WOODY PLANT SPECIES COMPOSITION, RICHNESS AND CARBON STORAGE IN DISTURBED TROPICAL RIPARIAN FORESTS

Riparian forests play a vital role in the functioning of river systems and biodiversity protection. However, rapid land use and land cover changes due to human activities have led to their degradation and loss of valuable environmental services they offer. To plan for wise use and facilitate development of improved management strategies, it is important to understand riparian forests structure and carbon storage particularly for sites that are not fully protected. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine woody plant species composition, density, richness and above ground carbon storage in disturbed riparian forests of Morogoro, Tanzania. Thirty (30) sampling plots measuring 10 x 20 m each were laid systematically along 3 sites and all woody plant species with diameter at breast height (Dbh) of ≥ 1 cm identified. In total, 65 woody plant species belonging to 58 genera and 27 families were recorded. Four dominant families were Moraceae (42.2%), Apocynaceae (13%), Annonaceae (10.3%) and Phyllanthaceae (7.8%). The Dbh size class distribution showed a slight deviation from the classical inverse J distribution suggesting that both small and large sized trees are harvested. The average overall stocking density in the plots was 1598 stems ha-1 (range 250-3950) while the overall mean carbon stored in the plot was 76.5 t ha-1 (range 11.4-272.7). Ficus exasperata, Syzygium cumini and Voacanga africana contributed 36% of the carbon. There were no significant differences (one-way ANOVA; in all cases P > 0.05) in stem density, species richness and carbon stocks between sites. This study has revealed that even though the study forests are not fully protected they have high species richness, stem density and above ground carbon and therefore improved management is recommended to maintain the structure and functions of the remaining riparian forests in Kilombero. Key words: River systems, basin, distribution, density, biomass, land use, Kilombero

Corrigendum to: Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujic, Sasic Zoric & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

Key to species of the genus Andixius Emeljanov amp; Hayashi (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) with descriptions of two new species.

Two new species of the genus Andixius Emeljanov Hayashi, A. cultratus Wang, Zhi Chen, sp. nov. and A. lingulatus Wang, Zhi Chen, sp. nov. are described and illustrated from China to provide the genus with six species in total. A key to species of Andixius is presented.

<p><strong>New additions to <em>Gomesa</em> from old known names (Orchidaceae)</strong></p>

Five new combinations are made for taxa formerly described or assigned to the genus Oncidium, but currently placed in Gomesa. These all predate formerly widely known and accepted names: Gomesa bicornuta, comb. nov. for Gomesa cruciata; Gomesa florida f. florida, comb. nov. for Gomesa longicornu; Gomesa maculosa f. maculosa, comb. nov. for Gomesa spilotera; Gomesa maculosa f. aurea for Oncidium spilopterum [unranked] aureum; and Gomesa polyodonta, comb. nov. for Gomesa damacenoi. A new infraspecific taxon, Gomesa florida f. concolor, f. nov., is described for an unpublished but already known infraspecies. Two historical names described by J.M.C. Vellozo are herein resolved: Epidendrum floridum and Epidendrum gilvum, respectively as an accepted name for Gomosa longicornu and new synonym of Gomesa pubes. An historical, nomenclatural, and taxonomic review of all related names is presented, as well as 28 nomenclatural types are designated.

Domitius Culsu sp. nov. (Araneae, Nestici-dae), a new troglobiont spider from Italy with notes on Italian nesticids of the genus Domitius Ribera, 2018

Domitius Culsu sp. nov. (Araneae, Nestici-dae), a new troglobiont spider from Italy with notes on Italian nesticids of the genus Domitius Ribera, 2018

Türkiye Denizleri‘nde Dağılım Gösteren Congridae (Teleostei: Anguilliformes) Familyası Türleri ve Genel Özellikleri

Anguilliformes ordosuna ait Congridae familyası türleri Mığrı balıkları olarak isimlendirilmekte ve morfolojik olarak Anguillidae familyası türlerinden olan Yılan balıklarına benzemektedir. Her iki familya türlerinde dorsal ve anal yüzgeçler kaudal yüzgeç ile birleşmiştir. Mığrı türlerinde dorsal yüzgeç ışınlarının başa daha yakın bir hizada başlamasıyla Yılan balığı türlerinden morfolojik olarak ayırt edilmektedir. Congridae familyasına ait dünya denizlerinde dağılım gösteren 30 genusa ait 195 tür dağılım göstermektedir. Türkiye denizlerinde ise Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809), Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) ve Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) olmak üzere 3 genusa ait 3 tür bulunmaktadır. Bu türlerden ilk ikisi Türkiye‘nin sadece Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz kıyılarında dağılım gösterirken C. conger türü ise tüm denizlerimizde dağılım göstermektedir. Ülkemizde dağılım gösteren Mığrı balıklarının morfolojik ve biyolojik özelliklerinin tanımlandığı bu derleme çalışmasında konu hakkında gerek ülkemizde gerekse ülkemiz dışında yapılmış tüm araştırmalar ayrıntılı olarak incelenerek bir arada sunulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen bu eser ile Congridae familyası türleri hakkında ülkemizde eksik olan özellikle biyolojik bilgilerin varlığına dikkat çekilerek literatüre katkı sağlanmıştır.

Effect of Echinacea pallida supplementation on the amino acid and fatty acid composition of Pharaoh Quail meat

The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of Echinacea pallida extract effect on the amino acid and fatty acid content of Pharaoh Quail meat. We proved that the amount of essential amino acids was greater by 1.31% in the pectoral muscles of Quails that consumed 12 mg/kg of Ehinacea pallida dry extract. This increase was caused by the better accumulation of lysine, arginine, threonine, leucine, and phenylalanine. The amount of essential amino acids was the highest in the thigh muscles of the control group. We found that the quality of fatty acid composition of the pectoral muscles was better due to the greater accumulation of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and α-linolenic acids. The accumulation rate of linoleic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic fatty acids was higher in thigh muscles of the experimental Quail. Keywords: Quails; Phytobiotics; Echinacea pallida; Amino acids; Meat; Fat acids References Allen, P. (2003). 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The genus Condylops Redtenbacher in Iran, Lebanon and Turkey, with description of six new species (Coleoptera, Melyridae, Malachiinae)

The genus Condylops Redtenbacher in Iran, Lebanon and Turkey, with description of six new species (Coleoptera, Melyridae, Malachiinae)

Review of the Genus Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae), with the Description of 12 New Species from Vietnam

Review of the Genus Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae), with the Description of 12 New Species from Vietnam

Hot Spots and Hot Moments for On-Plant Foraging by Ants Within the Flora of Warm North American Deserts

Diagnosing the variability in prospective inter-specific interactions informs both our understanding of particular species as well as how the ecological complex of which they can be a part are altered by their presence. This study uses empirical field descriptions, complemented by published floras and the resources at centers for species conservation, to explore macro-ecological patterns in interactions between plants and ants. I describe on-plant foraging by ants on 70 plant species (11 families, 29 genera) in the Sonoran Desert region, highlighting particular combinations of plant species, ontogenetic stages, and season where forager visitation is disproportionately high or low. Through my plant-ant association surveys, I find species-specific descriptions of on-plant foraging: (1) are qualitatively similar among sites (an arboretum and a wilder location), (2) can predict the activities of ground foraging ants at the patch scale (plant neighborhoods of 12 m2), (3) show plant community types within the warm North American deserts have diverging likelihoods of on-plant foraging, and (4) brief inspections can describe among-plant variation in likelihoods of visitation by ants as well as herbivores that can be deterred by ants.

First record of the genus Vailimia Kammerer, 2006 from India, with the description of two new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina).

The genus Vailimia Kammerer, 2006 is recorded for the first time from India. Two new species, Vailimia ajmerensis Caleb Jangid sp. nov. (♂), and V. jharbari Basumatary, Caleb Das sp. nov. (♂♀), are described and illustrated in detail. Presently, the genus is known only by the males, which means that the female of V. jharbari described herein is the first female known in the genus.

Ecological plasticity and productive potential of tobacco in Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Ecological plasticity and productive potential of tobacco in Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Systematic notes on some leptomedusa species with a description of Neotima galeai n. spec. (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)

This work reports upon observations and identifications of 18 leptomedusae, mostly documenting specimens which have been used for previous molecular phylogenetic studies. All species are illustrated, for some of them links to electronically archived photos are provided. The taxonomy of some genera and species is discussed. The diagnosis of the genus NeotimaPetersen, 1962 is modified to accommodate the new species Neotima galeai, the only member of the genus with subdivided gonads. Eutima sapinhoaNarchi & Hebling, 1975 is transferred to the genus Neotima as Neotima sapinhoa (Narchi & Hebling, 1975) n. comb. Helgicirrha schulziiHartlaub, 1909 and Tima planaNeppi, 1910 are both regarded as junior synonyms of Helgicirrha cari (Haeckel, 1864). Eirene octonemalisGuo, Xu & Huang, 2008 is a new junior synonym of Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886).

<p><strong>A new type designation of <em>Thymus microphyllus</em>, basionym of <em>Micromeria</em> <em>microphylla</em> (Lamiaceae)</strong></p>

Micromeria Bentham (1829: sub t. 1282) (Lamiaceae) is a monophyletic and taxonomically intricate genus, represented by nearly 70 species. These are distributed from the Macaronesian-Mediterranean region to southern Africa, India, and China (Morales 1991b, Govaerts 1999, Harley et al. 2004, Bräuchler et al. 2005, 2008; Puppo & Meimberg 2015, Puppo et al. 2014, 2015).