Pleurotus Research Articles

Enhancing oyster mushroom growth and yield using air gliding arc discharge

Abstract Oyster mushroom cultivation can be hindered by slow budding and low yield. This study explored the potential of atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasma to address these challenges. Two types (direct and indirect) of plasma treatment methods were applied to the mushroom spawn and the growth environment in oyster mushrooms. Physicochemical characterization of plasma-activated water (PAW) revealed increased conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, and nitrate/nitrite levels, and hydrogen peroxide with longer treatment times. Plasma-treated spawn exhibited faster budding and earlier colonization compared to others. The longest stem was observed in spawn exposed to plasma for 3 minutes, while the largest stem diameter was found in spawn treated with plasma-activated water for 4 minutes. Mushrooms produced with a 4-minute PAW treatment had the highest total fresh weight and biological efficiency. Therefore, compared to control spawn, the production of mushroom spawn treated with plasma increased by a factor of 1.5. Overall, plasma treatment enhanced mushroom development and yield, indicating its positive impact on oyster growth.

Influence of different substrates on fruiting bodies yield and antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom

The present study was designed to evealuate the influence of different substrates on the yield and antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostrestus) cultivated in 'bag-logs'. The substrates used in this study were: (1) maize straw, (2) beech sawdust mixed with wheat bran, and (3 and 4) maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds mixed in a different ratio. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and total antioxidant acitivity of oyster mushroom were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium chloride method and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay, respectively. The highest fruiting bodies yield of oyster mushroom was obtained from substrate 4 (maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 50:50), while the least was from substrate 1 (maize straw). Total phenolic contents ranged from 3.80 mg in oyster mushroom grown on substrate 4 (maize straw mixed with spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 50:50) to 4.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents g-1 dry mass in oyster mushroom form substrate 2 (beech sawdust mixed with wheat bran). Total flavonoid contents were very low in all analysed mushroom extracts. There was no significant difference between total antioxidant activities of oyster mushroom grown on different substrates.

Oyster Mushroom and its Value Added Products

Cultivation of mushroom is biotechnological process.Two oyster mushroom studied for its consumption and value added products. Pleurotus sajor caju is good in taste and favorite among people as a food.Soup powder made from Pleurotus sajor caju and other ingredients has good flavor and taste.Tomato-mushroom ketchup made from Pleurotus ostreatus and other ingredients has good aroma and taste.Dried oyster mushrooms can be stored for longer period and used in preparation of curries.Oyster mushroom are rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals.Oyster mushroom cultivation has short duration than other mushroom which makes its good alternative as a food

Antioxidant capacities and non-volatile metabolites changes after solid-state fermentation of soybean using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelium

Given the abundance of beneficial properties and enzymes secreted by edible oyster mushrooms, their mycelium could serve as a starter for fermented foods to enhance their nutritional and bioactive quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects on the nutritional ingredients, antioxidant activity, and non-volatile metabolites during solid-state fermentation (SSF) of soybeans by Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium. The results indicated that the contents of dietary fiber and starch in fermented soybeans decreased, while the amounts of protein and lipid increased after SSF (P < 0.05). Analysis of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities of the fermented soybeans revealed that the methanolic extracts significantly increased TPC and antioxidant activities against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as well as against DPPH and ABTS radicals in vitro. A total 154 differential metabolites were identified after SSF, and a Spearman correlation study revealed a direct relationship between antioxidant activities and certain metabolites including phenolic compounds, oligopeptides, and free fatty acids etc. Among these metabolites, phenolic compounds produced by the shikimic acid pathway were diverse in variety and had the greatest multiple differences. The study discovered that a potential mechanism involving SSF with P. ostreatus mycelium increased the antioxidant activity of soybeans.

Using Aquaculture Waste Sludge and Agricultural By-products to Produce Organic Fertilizer

The study was conducted to turn aquaculture sludge and agricultural by-products into organic fertilizer as part of the circular production. The main raw materials included sludge from catfish ponds after harvest and organic materials from agricultural by-products (25% from growing cordyceps, 25% from growing oyster mushrooms, 25% from peanut shells, and 25% from coconut fiber). The aquaculture sludge (AS) and agricultural by products (ABP) are mixed at five different ratios: 10% AS + 90% ABP; 30% AS + 70% ABP; 50% AS + 50% ABP; 70% AS + 30% ABP, and 90% AS + 10% ABP. The results showed that the experiment with the ratio of 30% AS + 70% ABP optimized the decomposition of organic compounds and produced organic fertilizer with higher nutrient content than the other four mixing ratios. Comparing the quality of organic fertilizer produced with the organic fertilizer quality standards of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 15/18 biochemical indicators have met the regulations. The results of the study can provide a guideline for the local people to optimize organic fertilizer production utilizing aquaculture sludge and agricultural byproducts, save input costs for agricultural production, and contribute to reducing waste to the natural environment.

The effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) beta-glucan extract on brain -derived neurotrophic factor and neuron in high-fat-high-fructose diet-induced male Sprague Dawley rats

Obesity is a condition where there is an accumulation of excess body fat, which can increase oxidative stress either in the blood or in tissues, such as brain tissue. This situation can trigger atrophy in neurons and reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which can increase the risk of impaired cognitive function. This study aimed to ascertain the effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) β-glucan extract on the number of neurons and levels of BDNF in rats. The study design was a true experimental with a randomized control group post-test only with white male Sprague Dawley rats as the subjects. A total of twenty-four rats were divided into four groups, namely the normal diet group fed AIN-93M standard diet (KN), the high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet group (KP), and the HFHF diet group with the addition of β-glucan extract dose of 125 mg/kg body weight (P1), and dose of 375 mg/kg body weight (P2). The BDNF was measured by ELISA, and the number of neurons was by histological staining approach. Although there was no significant difference in the number of neurons (p = 0.692), the data revealed a significant difference in BDNF levels (p = 0.005). There was no relationship between the number of neurons and BDNF levels (p = 0.874) and between the β-glucan dose and the number of neurons (p = 0.796). However, there was a relationship between β-glucan dose and BDNF levels (p = 0.001; r = 0.695). This study concludes that the dose of β-glucan from oyster mushroom extract positively affects BDNF levels but not the number of neurons. There was no relationship between the number of neurons with BDNF levels and β-glucan dose. It was presumable because the staining technique was less specific, so the possibility of other cells counted as neurons may occur

Circular Economy, Pengelolaan Sampah Organik melalui Budidaya Maggot dan Jamur Tiram di Kecamatan Sambikerep Surabaya

This project aims to manage organic waste in Sambikerep District, Surabaya, through the cultivation of maggots and oyster mushrooms as part of a circular economy concept. The activity is conducted by Master of Management students from Universitas Airlangga in a Creating Shared Value (CSV) program to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This program provides economic opportunities for low-income communities, especially housewives, and promotes climate change adaptation and mitigation. The program’s success indicators include the number of participants, participant feedback, and the availability of supporting facilities, all of which were achieved successfully. A Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis was also conducted to assess the program's impact on stakeholders, including students, local residents, and partners. The program results provide various skills and benefits, such as leadership, communication, and community relations, measured in monetary terms as a proxy for the training and resources provided.

Hatching Traits and Post-Hatch Performance of Broiler Chickens on In Ovo Feeding of Aqueous Extracts of Garlic, Mushroom and Their Combination

Abstract Feeding embryos with exogenous feed components prior to hatching has been reported to positively improved the growth and immune response in poultry. This study investigated the effects of in ovo administration of aqueous extracts of garlic, oyster mushroom and their combination on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of broiler chickens. A total of 230 broiler hatching eggs were sorted and incubated. On candling, 200 (85.11 % fertility) fertile eggs were obtained and distributed into five treatments: control, in ovo injection of garlic, oyster mushroom, combination of garlic and oyster mushroom, and de-ionized water (SHAM) at 0.1 ml.egg-1 in each treatment. In ovo injection was done on 18th day of incubation. Data collected were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance. Chick weight was the highest (P < 0.05) in birds hatched from eggs injected with aqueous extracts of garlic (50.91 g per chick). The highest proportions (P < 0.05) of heart (0.65 %) and spleen (0.18 %) were observed in birds from eggs injected with oyster mushroom and the combination of garlic and oyster mushroom, respectively. Significantly highest lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05) were found in birds from eggs injected with aqueous extracts of garlic, and the combination of garlic and oyster mushroom. The best (P < 0.05) feed conversion rate (FCR) (1.82) was recorded in birds from eggs on in ovo injection of aqueous extract of oyster mushroom. The study suggests that in ovo injection of aqueous extracts of garlic and oyster mushroom at 0.1 ml per egg can enhance chick weight, heart, spleen functions and overall growth performance in broiler chickens.

Status of mushroom production: global and national scenario

Relevance. Mushroom farming has the potential to be a very profitable agribusiness venture that addresses several contemporary issues such as resource utilization, circular economy. Increasing mushroom production will increase its availability across the country, which will further help reduce food insecurity and also increase the income of small and marginal producers.Results. Mushrooms have enormous potential for medicinal and nutraceutical purposes. Over the past 20 years, global mushroom production has grown at a CAGR of 8.26%. This average annual growth rate is the highest for the Asian continent. Mainly six species of mushrooms dominate the global production and market, namely shiitake (26%), oyster mushroom (21%), black ear mushroom (21%), button mushroom (11%), flammulina (7%), straw mushroom (1%) and other types (13%). In the Russian Federation, industrial mushroom growing is actively developing. In recent years, 85 enterprises have been opened. The average annual growth rate of fresh mushroom production was 11.7%. Champignons and oyster mushrooms are mainly grown in Russia. Many obstacles faced by mushroom producers, including lack of technical knowledge, inadequate infrastructure, unorganized market, expensive inputs, etc., still need to be addressed through sufficient research and additional legislative solutions tailored to the requirements of Russian mushroom producers. Growing investments in smart automation to improve the efficiency and productivity of cultivated mushroom production involve advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Changes in vitamin D2 content and physicochemical characteristics of food products enriched with UV-B irradiated oyster mushroom powder during cooking and storage

Changes in vitamin D2 content and physicochemical characteristics of food products enriched with UV-B irradiated oyster mushroom powder during cooking and storage

Biosynthesis and Application of Biological Thin Films for Heavy Metal Ion Biosorption from Aqueous Solution

This study investigates the biosynthesis and application of Mycelium Bio-Films (MBFs) derived from pure Common oyster mushroom (COM) for heavy metal ion biosorption from aqueous solutions. The research focuses on the growth mechanism of MBFs and their potential for Cu (II) ions removal. MBFs were synthesized through a hyphae cultivation process and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to determine optimal operational parameters and adsorption mechanisms. Key findings reveal optimal biosorption conditions at pH 5, with a 40-minute contact time, and 100mg/L initial Cu (II) concentration using 0.2g of biosorbent in 10mL aqueous solution at room temperature with 150rpm agitation. Under these conditions, a maximum adsorption efficiency of 82.8% was achieved. The adsorption process best fits Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, indicating chemisorption, complexation, and ion exchange as primary mechanisms. Functional groups involved in biosorption include carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide groups. Importantly, MBFs demonstrate high reusability potential through diluted acid elution. This research contributes to environmental remediation by presenting a novel, sustainable biosorbent for heavy metal removal. The MBFs show promise for industrial wastewater treatment applications, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional adsorbents and contributing to filling the lack of biobank collections. Future studies could explore the efficacy of MBFs with other heavy metals and investigate potential scale-up for large-scale implementation.

The Growth of Oyster Mushroom on Ramie Chip Waste-Derived Media was Accelerated by Rice-washed Water

Rice-washed water is wastewater resulted from the rice cleaning process that is rich in nutrients. The use of ramie chip waste can be considered a potential substrate due to its lignocellulosic nature, similar to other wastes studied. This study aimed to examine the effect of rice-washed water on the mycelium and pinhead growth of white oyster mushrooms grown in the ramie chip waste as the growing medium. The experiment was conducted for three months using a completely randomized design with four rice-washed water treatments and six replications. The rice-washed water concentration treatments were 0% (K0), 25% (K1), 50% (K2), and 100% (K3), which were added to the ramie chip waste as the growing medium for white oyster mushroom. The time of mycelium propagation velocity, the time the first pinhead appearance, the number of mushroom bodies, and the largest cap diameter were observed. The results showed that ramie chip waste-derived media was suitable to cultivate white oyster mushrooms. Adding 100% rice-washed water to the media significantly affected the speed of mycelium propagation (16.51 days) compared to control (30 days) and the appearance of the first pinhead (31.5 days) compared to control (38.5 days) as well as the number of fruiting bodies of mushroom (8.8) compared to control (6.2). However, the rice-washed water application did not significantly affect the diameter of the largest mushroom cap.

Sustainable Oyster Mushroom Livelihood Development Project for Rural Communities of Ilocos Sur

This research was conducted to determine the contributions of the stakeholders of oyster mushroom livelihood project particularly on their participation on technical services and adequacy/availability of financial services; to determine the challenges encountered in terms of knowledge, willingness, attitude and policy implementation; and develop a framework that can help to address sustainability of the mushroom livelihood project. Four municipalities in Ilocos Sur Province were selected as research site using an inclusion criteria. A constructed survey questionnaire and an interview guide were used to gather data which were collated and interpreted using the point scale, range of values, and descriptive equivalent. As prevailed in the research study, there is high participation on the technical support of the LGU in all activities of the mushroom livelihood project. However, the mushroom growers consistently claimed a low to moderate participation of LGUs on the support to development initiatives of the mushroom livelihood project and formalizing involvement of funding agencies and other stakeholders through a MOA. On the area of financial support, LGUs provided highly available/adequate support according to them but mushroom growers mentioned they received moderately available/adequate financial support. On the knowledge, willingness, and attitude of mushroom growers, there were no challenges encountered. This suggests that they have already the knowledge and capabilities of producing and managing their mushroom livelihood. They just needed enhancement in order to prove more about the technology and its management. On the policy implementation, the LGUs have encountered varied challenges in the area of technical policies, but overall, the LGUs and the mushroom growers revealed that they encountered very serious challenges. On the financial policies aspect, the LGUs encountered a very serious challenge, specifically on the allocation of funds for monitoring activities. Overall, a low to moderate participation of LGUs on their technical support, a moderately available/adequate financial support, and challenged with the problem on policy implementation prevailed based from the result of the study, hence, the sustainability mechanism and development framework on oyster mushroom livelihood development project is hereby recommended to help achieve sustainable rural community development through participation and empowerment of the stakeholders.

Changes in the Antioxidant System of Germinating Seeds and Sprouts of Pea with the Use of Micellar-Substrate Extract of Oyster Mushrooms

The reactions of the antioxidant system (AOS) of daily germinating seeds and 8-day-old pea seedlings cultivated using 10% and 100% aqueous extract from spent oyster mushroom straw substrate (hereinafter extract) were studied. The mother liquor was taken for 100% extract after its preparation, and the 10% was obtained by diluting the mother liquor. The plants were grown in oligotrophic hydroponic conditions and in eutrophic conditions on gray forest soil. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), expression of SOD-1, CAT-1, POD genes, and the content of low molecular weight antioxidants (NMAO): ascorbate, phylloquinones, and free proline were studied as the main indicators of the AOS reaction. The inhibitory effect of 10% and 100% extract on the activity of SOD and CAT, but not on the activity of POD in daily germinating seeds, has been shown. At the same time, the content of mRNA transcripts of the SOD-1 and POD genes decreased only slightly in seeds cultivated with 100% extract, in the remaining experimental groups the level of gene expression did not differ from the control. The content of ascorbate in all experimental groups did not differ from the control, and phylloquinones and free proline were less than in the control. In the leaves of 8-day-old seedlings cultivated in a hydroponic medium, in all experimental groups, the activity of AOS enzymes, the expression of their coding genes and the content of phylloquinones and free proline did not differ from the control. At the same time, the ascorbate content was higher. In plants cultivated in soil using a 10% extract, all EPA indicators did not differ from the control. In plants grown using 100% extract, the activity of SOD, the expression level of the SOD-1 gene, the content of ascorbate and free proline were higher, and the remaining indicators did not differ from the control. Thus, the extract at the initial stages of germination inhibited the AOS of peas, followed by restoration (in oligotrophic conditions) and enhancement (in eutrophic cultivation conditions) of its work.

Composting and Agroecological Garden of UnAPI: An Alternative for Recycling Organic Waste at UFMS

The composting process is an alternative for recycling organic waste, facilitated by microorganisms that produce compost or organic fertilizer in the presence of oxygen. The resulting compost can be used as fertilizer, significantly improving soil structure. The “Composta UFMS” project aims to environmentally manage organic solid waste generated on the UFMS University City campus in Campo Grande. Currently, dry leaves, pruning and weeding residues, wood shaving from vivarium, and organic waste from the University Restaurant are being directed for composting. In addition to valuing organic waste generated on the UFMS campus and used in the production of organic compost for the extension activities of the UnAPI Agroecological Garden project, the Biovalorization of Organic Waste project also includes scientific initiation subprojects, such as the study of growth potential of fungi of the genus Pleurotus on substrates derived from different organic residues and their mixtures for mushroom production. In addition to Environmental Education actions in schools with the Composting and Urban Agriculture in Schools project using the composting method directly on the soil, eliminating the need for turning. These actions resulted in the year 2023, the diversion of 4 tons of wood shavings from the vivarium and 4.8 tons of organic waste from the University Restaurant for composting, the care of around 60 elderly people in the UnAPI Agroecological Garden project and 5 schools in the Compostagem and Urban Agriculture in Schools. The results of this study will serve as a basis for the management of organic waste on the UFMS Campo Grande campus, as well as for future research on composting, as well as new Environmental Education and Scientific Dissemination actions.

In vitro screening of antibacterial efficacy of stem waste of oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) against different Escherichia coli strains and in vivo effects against E. coli -induced infection in Japanese quails

In vitro screening of antibacterial efficacy of stem waste of oyster mushrooms ( <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> ) against different <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains and in vivo effects against <i>E. coli</i> -induced infection in Japanese quails

Chemical composition and consumer acceptability of oyster mushroom and sorghum-pearl millet based composite flours

Due to over-reliance on starchy staple foods in Kenya Micronutrient deficiency (MD) and Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) are the major nutritional concerns. Despite these foods being characterized by low nutrient densities, they are still used as main food ingredient especially in making porridges. Therefore, this study intended to develop composite flour of sorghum-pearl millet blends fortified with oyster mushroom and further evaluate its chemical composition and consumer acceptability. The sorghum and pearl millet were soaked in tap water then solar dried followed by milling into flour. Oyster mushrooms were also solar dried and milled. Subsequently, oyster mushroom was substituted to sorghum-pearl millet blends at 10–50 % to achieve the composite flours. Proximate composition of the samples was determined using standard methods, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Ultraviolet Spectroscopy/Mass Spectrometry were used for mineral and vitamin analyses, respectively. In addition, consumer acceptability test was done on thin porridges was also carried out using untrained panelists. Protein content of the composite flours increased from 11.15–19.74 %, and there were significant increases in fiber (2.68–10.66 %) and ash (1.38 % to 5–79 %). Mineral content increased with Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Zn and Fe as high as 286.25 mg/100 g, 2088.05 mg/100 g, 167.55 mg/100 g, 1833.05 mg/100 g, 136.75 mg/100 g, 4.22 mg/100 g and 9.46 mg/100 g respectively. An improvement of B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 vitamin contents was also observed. Sensory analysis showed relatively moderate overall acceptance of thin porridges from the composite flours, although the acceptability decreased with the increase in oyster mushroom. Specifically, composite flour with 50% oyster mushroom was rich in most nutrients but it had the lowest scores for the sensory attributes. In conclusion, addition of oyster mushroom increased the overall nutritional composition of local cereal based staple foods an indication of potential solution to PEM and MD.

Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in foodstuffs. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated Cd content in foods. This study aimed to determine Cd concentrations in foodstuffs that are highly consumed and bought in Mexico City to identify foods exceeding the Maximum Level (ML) and to assess the health risks of theoretical Cd intake from a diet following the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. A total of 143 foodstuffs were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Theoretical Cd intake was estimated in portions per week and compared with the Cd Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI = 2.5 μg/kg per body weight). A total of 68.5% of the foodstuffs had detectable Cd concentrations. Higher concentrations were found in oyster mushrooms (0.575 mg/kg), romaine lettuce (0.335 mg/kg), and cocoa powder (0.289 mg/kg). Food groups with higher mean concentrations were vegetables (0.084 mg/kg) and snacks, sweets, and desserts (0.049 mg/kg). Ancho chili and romaine lettuce exceed the ML. The theoretical Cd intake estimation was 1.80, 2.05, and 3.82 μg/kg per body weight for adults, adolescents, and school-age children, respectively. This theoretical Cd intake represents a health risk only for school children exceeding the TWI by 53.2%. Our study confirms the presence and risk of Cd in Mexican foodstuffs and highlights the importance of monitoring programs.

Exploring the Potential of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation as Remunerative Agri-Enterprise in Punjab

Exploring the Potential of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation as Remunerative Agri-Enterprise in Punjab

PEMANFAATAN SERBUK GERGAJI PADA PERT(UMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIFITAS JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) DI DESA TU’INDRAO KECAMATAN AMANDRAYA KABUPATEN NIAS SELATAN

The research objectives are know how to make white oyster mushroom white by using powder wood saw utilizing powder chainsaw at seedlings plants oyster mushrooms, to determine growth and productivity oyster mushroom white Research method this is by method descriptive with a qualitative approach, describe, analyze phenomena on the object of research. This type of research is powder utilization chainswa wood to growth and productivity mushroom oysters white in Tu'indrao village, Amandraya findings research i.e, making media mushroom by preparing 100 kg powder and mixed with other ingredients, utilitazion powder chainsaw with the inoculation stage f2 mushroom spawn number ±1-2 spatula, growth and productivity mushroom oysters 1-2 days after inoculation to grow fruit, 3-5 days harvest mushroom, yield 5 kg per 1 harvest and ready to be utilized by the community as a vegetable. Research from conclusion this is utilizing media powder chainsaw wood for mold growth oysters is, before the media is mixed it should be powder chainsaw composted and sterilized especially first to makes the texture softer my suggestions in research this is, this research is expected to be an alternative to develop other research that related with cultivation mushroom oysters white (Pleurotus ostreatus) by using powder chainsaw wood. For students, as source knowledge in carrying out learning activities at eyes taxonomy lecture plants level low in program study education biology.